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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,621 records · Page 90
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Acetonitrile Destruction and Fate of Organics in the Reverse Osmosis System at the ETF

The Hanford Site Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF) currently treats aqueous waste streams that include condensates from the 242-A evaporator, leachate from the Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF), as well as laboratory wastes and, in the future, will treat liquid effluents from the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) leachate. Liquid effluents from the WTP will have significant concentrations of acetonitrile. Acetonitrile is formed by reaction of nitrates and sugar in the WTP low activity waste (LAW) melters and is prevalent in the submerged bed scrubber (SBS) and wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) liquid effluents from WTP off-gas treatment. When these liquids are concentrated in the WTP Effluent Management Facility (EMF) evaporator in the direct feed low activity waste (DFLAW) flow-sheet, testing has shown that the majority of the acetonitrile partitions to the evaporator condensate. Since the evaporator condensate is directed to the ETF, this creates a potential issue with the ETF waste acceptance criteria. Consequently, there is a need to validate flow-sheet assumptions on the fate of acetonitrile and other organics within the ETF. The present plan includes the addition of a steam stripper to the ETF to remove acetonitrile. There is, therefore, also a need to determine a suitable method to destroy acetonitrile in the overhead condensate stream from the new steam stripper. Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS) previously contracted with Atkins and the Vitreous State Laboratory (VSL) of The Catholic University of America (CUA) to perform development and testing work to evaluate potential methods for destruction of acetonitrile in WTP secondary liquid effluents. Based on the results of that work, WRPS requested that follow-on testing be conducted to further evaluate acetonitrile destruction in the steam stripper condensate using ultraviolet oxidation (UV/OX) with persulfate. WRPS also requested testing to assess the rejection rate of organics in the reverse osmosis (RO) system installed in the ETF. This report presents the results from testing to address those needs.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Simulation of the RF system with reversed phasing

In this paper we report on the ELEGANT simulation for the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) RF system with reversed phasing using the lattice version of 5.3 at 5 GeV energy. The full beam dynamics results, including energy spread, bunch length and centroid offset as a function of bunch number in the train are presented. Some of the RF system related parameters, required as the input for particle tracking simulations, have been calculated analytically using the RF system related equations. The obtained results has been compared with the results simulated by Tianmu Xin, Michael Blaskiewicz and Gabriele Bassi using C++ and the SPACE codes.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electrochemical Behaviors of Bilayer Oxygen Electrode for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Reducing the resistances of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) while retaining the stability of an oxygen electrode, even in the presence of air contaminants such as Cr, H2O and CO2, is of paramount importance to the current commercial development of intermediate-temperature reversible solid oxide cells (IT-RSOCs). In this presentation, a multifunctional, coarsening-resistant, air-contaminants-tolerant and yet ORR/OER-active oxygen electrode (OE) for IT-RSOCs is described. The testing results show that new bilayer OE exhibits a much better ORR/OER activity and stability than the single-layer benchmark LSCF-GDC OE. Remarkably, the new bilayer OE also demonstrates an exceptionally high resistance to Cr-attack, a critical issue to the development of commercial meal-interconnect loaded SOFC/SOEC stacks/systems. Theoretical analysis is also presented to understand the fundamental reasons for the improved ORR/OER activity and stability observed under real-world operating conditions.

Huang, Kevin↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY22) Appendix F: Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tests

This report documents work performed under the Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition’s Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). This work was performed to fulfill Level 3 Milestone M3SF-22OR010201046, “Draft FY2022 ORNL Report on High Burnup Sibling Pin Testing Results,” within work package SF-22OR01020104 and is an update to the work reported in M2SF-22OR010201047, M2SF-21OR010201032, M2SF-19ORO010201026 and M2SF-19OR010201028. As a part of DOE NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods, are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin (LT) Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rods’ condition before dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Composite fuel and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition. This appendix documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to tests of the sister rods using the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester (CIRFT) in Phase 1 of the sister rod test program.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design of a ring cooler for electron ion collider with reverse bends

The high quality electron beam of a ring cooler for the electron ion collider requires strong radiation damping (and thus strong wigglers) to overcome both the intra-beam and the beam-beam scattering. In this paper we present an alternative design, where conventional bends with reversing and alternating directions between horizontal and vertical planes are implemented to satisfy the damping requirements.”

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reversible Methane Electrochemical Reactors as Efficient Energy Storage for Fossil Power

The overall objective of the project was to conduct a comprehensive Research & Development (R&D) program to demonstrate the suitability and future advancement and integration of reversible methane protonic ceramic electrochemical reactors (PCERs) as an efficient Energy Storage System (ESS) with fossil fuel power plants. Fundamental process and system models are developed to conduct a preliminary conceptual study and investigate the power plant system integration requirements, performance requirements, and technical and non-technical gaps for eventual implementation at system level. Technology maturation requirements is also investigated through identifying the critical technical elements and networking with industrial technology developers and end-users.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix F: Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tests

Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies must be shipped to other sites for processing and disposal. During shipment, the fuel is typically oriented horizontally, and the fuel rods are subject to periodic alternating loads related to the movement of the vehicle that results in alternating bending of the SNF fuel rods. The number of bending cycles is related to the length of the shipping route, with longer routes producing more cycles. Because it is well-known that cyclic loads can produce failures, even when the stress and strain imposed are below the material’s yield point, investigation of the SNF’s fatigue behavior is prudent. This report discusses the results of fatigue testing conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester (CIRFT) created by the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy for the High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project and its sister rods. The results of the tests are compared with results obtained over the last decade using the same CIRFT for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix F3: Uncertainty and Conservative Bias in the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Test

The development and application of the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester (CIRFT) has been documented over the past 10 years. The CIRFT system was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to address the concern that high-burnup fuel rod fatigue performance was degraded compared to cladding-only behavior. Fatigue data measured by CIRFT on high-burnup fuel rods were then used by the NRC to develop a fatigue response curve for pressurized water reactor fuel rods with Zircaloy-4 cladding in NUREG-2224. Subsequently, CIRFT has been used in the sister rod project to test whether reoriented hydrides associated with vacuum drying influenced the fatigue lifetime, to extend the fatigue testing database to include fuel rods with ZIRLO cladding, and to add to the experience on both Zircaloy-4 and M5 cladding. These data will be used as a reference for subsequent characterization of fuel rods removed from the high-burnup demonstration cask to better understand the effects of long-term dry storage, which can be thought of as a multiyear elevated temperature anneal. The objective of fatigue testing is to provide data that can be used to develop a best-estimate fatigue curve and a conservative fatigue design curve that accounts for uncertainty and can be compared with actual transportation conditions. The process for defining a design fatigue curve for commercial used fuel rods was developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in FY22. One issue noted in the fatigue evaluation was that the calculated combined uncertainty in the strain amplitude values determined from the measured data was large. It was proposed then to directly measure the uncertainty in the strain amplitude to either validate the calculated combined uncertainty or update the uncertainty based on the measurement data. Thus, the purpose of this appendix is to document the measured uncertainty in the strain amplitude data. In the process, it was determined that there has been a conservative bias in the calculated strain amplitude that is small enough to be within the measurement uncertainty. This observation is discussed herein, and a case is made to continue to include the conservative bias in the data.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Durable, High-Performance Unitized Reversible Fuel Cells Based on Proton Conductors

The main objective of this project was to develop robust, highly efficient, and economically viable H + -conducting membrane-based, unitized reversible fuel cell (H-URFC) technology for large-scale co-located energy storage and power generation. Another objective of this project is to gain a profound understanding of the degradation mechanisms of key stack materials and interfaces using various in situ, ex situ, and operando measurements guided by theoretical analysis. Nanostructured components will be integrated into cell design and the interfaces between electrodes and electrolyte will be modified with active bi-functional catalysts and protective coatings in order to achieve >70% roundtrip efficiency at 1 A/cm2 in both the fuel cell and the electrolysis modes. The end goal of the project is to advance the technology to the point that a university-industry collaboration can be established to scale up the technology for early adoption, and eventually enabling a pathway to large-scale energy storage that utilizes chemical storage and conversion for electrical grid balancing.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reverse Time Migration of Explosion-generated Infrasound and Ground-Coupled Airwaves

Accurately locating sources of seismic and infrasonic energy is integral to global monitoring of earthquakes and explosions. Infrasound arrivals times can be used to calculate the origins of events that generate acoustic energy. Picking times of emergent infrasound arrivals, however, can be difficult and prone to uncertainty. Reverse time migration (RTM) is a waveform based location method that does not rely on picked arrival times. Here we use RTM to locate a known chemical explosion that generated acoustic and acoustic-to-seismic signals on 26 and 108 receivers, respectively. All location predictions are less than 24 km from the known location with time errors of less than three minutes. We find strong overall agreement between our results and those of existing RTM and arrival time based methods. Our initial results suggest that RTM is a promising method of event location using acoustic arrivals recorded on both infrasound and seismic instrumentation.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2023

Using Eye-Tracking to Quantify Reverse Engineering Expertise

Software reverse engineering (RE) requires analysts to closely read and make decisions about code. Little is known about what makes an analyst successful, making it difficult to train new analysts or design tools to augment existing ones. The goal of this project was to quantify the eye movement behaviors supporting RE and code comprehension more generally. We applied eye-tracking methods from the language comprehension literature to understand where analysts direct their attention over time when completing tasks (e.g., function identification, bug detection). Across three studies, we manipulated aspects of code hypothesized to impact comprehension (e.g., variable name meaningfulness, code complexity) and presentation methods (e.g., line-by-line, free viewing, gaze-contingent moving window) to understand effects on accuracy and gaze patterns. Results showed clear benefits of meaningful variable names, and effects of expertise on global and line-specific viewing patterns. Findings could inspire empirically-supported tool or analytic adaptations that help to reduce analyst workload.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Material Discovery and Design Principles of Perovskite Oxides for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (R-SOC)

Reversible solid oxide cells (R-SOCs) are highly efficient devices for energy conversion and storage, capable of operating for both hydrogen utilization and production. In fuel cell mode, an R-SOC consumes hydrogen or natural gas to generate electricity, while in electrolysis mode, it produces hydrogen from steam. The discover of new materials with rapid oxygen surface exchange kinetics and enduring stability is crucial for the economically viable commercialization of R-SOCs. To facilitate this pursuit, we conducted extensive Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and developed Machine Learning (ML) models to predict critical catalytic properties essential for R-SOCs, such as oxygen surface exchange/diffusivity, and area-specific resistance (ASR). BaCoxFeyZrzO3-d(BFCZ)(x+y+z=1) emerged as a promising family of electrode materials with high activity and stability, validated through systematic experimental study. Moreover, a robust numerical multiphysics model was developed to optimize materials and microstructure parameters, providing the ability to predict the performance of functional R-SOCs.

Liu, Jian↗
DOE OSTI2025

High Efficiency Reversible Solid Oxide System (Final Technical Report)

This report was generated based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, H2@Scale Initiative, Award Number DE-EE0008847. In this project, FuelCell Energy studied the design and performance of a system rated for 15kWe Charge/3 kWe Discharge energy storage system based on reversible solid-oxide technology.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2025

Developing Stable Critical Materials and Microstructure for High-Flux and Efficient Hydrogen Production through Reversible Solid Oxide Cells

Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (RSOCs), which operate as either Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) or Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cells (SOECs), hold great promise for clean, high-efficiency energy conversion and hydrogen production. However, their commercial potential is hindered by stability issues arising from temperature-induced materials degradation. While substantial progress has been made in developing durable, reduced-temperature SOFCs - bringing them closer to commercial deployment, SOECs still exhibit substantially higher degradation rates at both the cell and stack levels under practical operating conditions.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Establishment of a reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR method for Getah virus detection and its application for epidemiological investigation in Shandong, China

Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae . Natural infections of GETV have been identified in a variety of vertebrate species, with pathogenicity mainly in swine, horses, bovines, and foxes. The increasing spectrum of infection and the characteristic causing abortions in pregnant animals pose a serious threat to public health and the livestock economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method that can be used for epidemiological investigation in multiple animals. In this study, a real-time reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method combined with plaque assay was established for GETV with specific primers designed for the highly conserved region of GETV Nsp1 gene. The results showed that after optimizing the condition of RT-qPCR reaction, the minimum detection limit of the assay established in this study was 7.73 PFU/mL, and there was a good linear relationship between viral load and Cq value with a correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.998. Moreover, the method has good specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability. The established RT-qPCR is 100-fold more sensitive than the conventional RT-PCR. The best cutoff value for the method was determined to be 37.59 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.956. Meanwhile, we collected 2,847 serum specimens from swine, horses, bovines, sheep, and 17,080 mosquito specimens in Shandong Province in 2022. The positive detection rates by RT-qPCR were 1%, 1%, 0.2%, 0%, and 3%, respectively. In conclusion, the method was used for epidemiological investigation, which has extensive application prospects.

Cao, Xinyu↗
DOE OSTI2025

In vitro demonstration and in planta characterization of a condensed, reverse TCA (crTCA) cycle

Introduction Plants employ the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) to fix atmospheric CO 2 for the production of biomass. The flux of carbon through the CBC is limited by the activity and selectivity of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO). Alternative CO 2 fixation pathways that do not use RuBisCO to fix CO 2 have evolved in some anaerobic, autotrophic microorganisms. Methods Rather than modifying existing routes of carbon metabolism in plants, we have developed a synthetic carbon fixation cycle that does not exist in nature but is inspired by metabolisms of bacterial autotrophs. In this work, we build and characterize a condensed, reverse tricarboxylic acid (crTCA) cyclein vitroandin planta. Results We demonstrate that a simple, synthetic cycle can be used to fix carbon in vitro under aerobic and mesophilic conditions and that these enzymes retain activity whenexpressed transientlyin planta. We then evaluate stable transgenic lines ofCamelina sativathat have both phenotypic and physiologic changes. TransgenicC. sativaare shorter than controls with increased rates of photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation and changes in photorespiratory metabolism. Discussion This first iteration of a build-test-learn phase of the crTCA cycle provides promising evidence that this pathway can be used to increase photosynthetic capacity in plants.

Plant Sciences↗