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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,225 records · Page 68
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Cage-like bifunctional chelators, copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals and PET imaging using the same

Disclosed is a class of versatile Sarcophagine based bifunctional chelators (BFCs) containing a hexa-aza cage for labeling with metals having either imaging, therapeutic or contrast applications radiolabeling and one or more linkers (A) and (B). The compounds have the general formula ##STR00001## where A is a functional group selected from group consisting of an amine, a carboxylic acid, an ester, a carbonyl, a thiol, an azide and an alkene, and B is a functional group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an amine, a carboxylic acid, and ester, a carbonyl, a thiol, an azide and an alkene. Also disclosed are conjugate of the BFC and a targeting moiety, which may be a peptide or antibody. Also disclosed are metal complexes of the BFC/targeting moiety conjugates that are useful as radiopharmaceuticals, imaging agents or contrast agents.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Bench Scale Process for Low Cost CO 2 Capture Using a PhaseChanging Absorbent: Techno-Economic Analysis Topical Report

The objective of this project is to design and build a bench-scale process for a novel phase-changing CO 2 capture solvent. The project will establish scalability and technical and economic feasibility of using a phase-changing CO 2 capture absorbent for post-combustion capture of CO 2 from coal-fired power plants with 90% capture efficiency and 95% CO 2 purity at a cost of $40/tonne of CO 2 captured by 2025 and a cost of <$10/tonne of CO 2 captured by 2035. This report presents system and economic analysis for a process that uses a phase changing aminosilicone solvent to remove CO 2 from pulverized coal (PC) power plant flue gas. The aminosilicone solvent is a pure 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (GAP-0). Performance of the phase-changing aminosilicone technology is compared to that of a conventional carbon capture system using aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA). This analysis demonstrates that the aminosilicone process has significant advantages relative to an MEA-based system. The first-year CO 2 removal cost for the phase-changing CO 2 capture process is $52.1/tonne, compared to $66.4/tonne for the aqueous amine process. The phase-changing CO 2 capture process is less costly than MEA because of advantageous solvent properties that include higher working capacity, lower corrosivity, lower vapor pressure, and lower heat capacity. The phase-changing aminosilicone process has approximately 32% lower equipment capital cost compared to that of the aqueous amine process. However, this solvent is susceptible to thermal degradation at CSTR desorber operating temperatures, which could add as much as $88/tonne to the CO 2 capture cost associated with solvent makeup. Future work is focused on mitigating this critical risk by developing an advanced low-temperature desorber that can deliver comparable desorption performance and significantly reduced thermal degradation rate.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Synthesis of quantum dots

Common approaches to synthesizing alloyed quantum dots employ high-cost, air-sensitive phosphine complexes as the selenium precursor. Disclosed quantum dot synthesis embodiments avoid these hazardous and air-sensitive selenium precursors. Certain embodiments utilize a combination comprising a thiol and an amine that together reduce and complex the elemental selenium to form a highly reactive selenium precursor at room temperature. The same combination of thiol and amine acts as the reaction solvent, stabilizing ligand, and sulfur source in the synthesis of quantum dot cores. A non-injection approach may also be used. The optical properties of the quantum dots synthesized by this new approach can be finely tuned for a variety of applications by controlling size and/or composition of size and composition. Further, using the same approach, a shell can be grown around a quantum dot core that improves stability, luminescence efficiency, and may reduce toxicity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Method for atomic layer deposition

An atomic layer deposition method is disclosed for preparing polypeptides. The method comprises providing a solid-phase support comprising a reactive amine monolayer in an atomic layer deposition (ALD) chamber. The solid-phase support is contacted with a first protected amino acid substituted with a protecting group by atomic layer deposition, wherein the protecting group is bonded to a non-side chain amino group of the protected amino acid. A carboxylic acid group of the first protected amino acid is reacted with the reactive amine monolayer, thereby coupling the first protected amino acid to the solid-phase support to produce a coupled-product.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optically clear photo-polymerization resists for additive manufacturing of radiopaque parts

According to one embodiment, a method includes contacting a triiodobenzoic acid with an oxalyl chloride in a solvent whereby triiodobenzoyl chloride is formed, contacting diethanolamine with triiodobenzoyl chloride where triiodobenzoic diol amine is formed, and forming an acrylate of triiodobenzoic diol amine with acryloyl chloride where an organoiodine compound is formed. According to another embodiment, an optically clear photopolymer resist blend for additive manufacturing includes a radiopaque pre-polymer compound where the compound includes at least one of the following: iodine, bromine, tin, lead, or bismuth. The resist blend also includes a photoinitiator, a polymerization inhibitor, and a base pre-polymer.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Integrated capture and conversion of CO 2 to methanol or methanol and glycol

A process for producing methanol includes combining a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO 2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and water. A process for coproduction of methanol and a glycol includes combining an epoxide, a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO 2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and a glycol.

Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adsorption cooling system using metal organic frameworks

A highly adsorptive structure, includes: a substrate; and a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising a plurality of metal atoms coordinated to a plurality of organic spacer molecules; wherein the MOF is coupled to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the MOF is adapted for adsorbing and desorbing a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions. The refrigerant includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.

Baumann, Theodore F.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adsorption cooling system using carbon aerogel

A highly adsorptive structure includes: a substrate; and a carbon aerogel adhered to the substrate, wherein the carbon aerogel is characterized by having physical characteristics of in-situ formation on the substrate, and wherein the carbon aerogel is configured to selectively adsorb and desorb one or more refrigerants selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.

Baumann, Theodore F.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Carbon dioxide capture system and spectroscopic evaluation thereof

A chemical processing system for removing carbon dioxide from a gas mixture using a multicomponent amine-based scrubbing solution includes a spectroscopic evaluation system with a liquid contact probe for spectroscopic investigation, an energy source connected with the liquid contact probe to provide the spectroscopic stimulation energy to the probe, a spectrometer connected with the liquid contact probe to detect the spectroscopic response energy to the probe and to output spectral data corresponding to the spectroscopic response energy, and a machine learning spectral data analyzer connected to the spectrometer for evaluation of the spectral data to determine a concentration value for each of water, amine component and captured carbon dioxide in the scrubbing solution, the machine learning spectral data analyzer being trained for each such component over a corresponding trained concentration range, and optionally over a trained temperature range to provide a temperature-compensated concentration value.

Panaccione, Charles↗
DOE OSTI2021

Storing molecule within porous materials with a surface molecular barrier layer

In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a nanoporous material such as a metal organic framework and an amine containing compound. In some aspects, these compositions may be used to improve the affinity of a guest molecule to the nanoporous material relative a nanoporous material which had not been treated with the amine containing compound.

Tan, Kui↗
DOE OSTI2023

Deep Learning Potential For Investigation of Chemical Conversion of CO2 at Air-Reactive Deep Eutectic Solvent Interface

Capturing CO2 from air is urgent to battle against the climate change. Traditional CO2 capture by alkaline solution or aqueous amine has high regeneration cost, equipment corrosion, and amine leakage. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising alternatives with low corrosion, non-toxicity, and biodegradable nature. Functionalized DESs can capture and convert CO2 at low partial pressures. Developing reactive DESs for efficient CO2 capture needs a foundational understanding of the reaction-transport coupling of CO2 at the air-DES interface. In this study, we develop a deep learning potential (DLP) to investigate the absorption and reaction of CO2 at the air-DES interface (DES: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-cyanopyrrolide ([Emim][2-CNpyr]) and ethylene glycol (EG)). The DLP model allows us to simulate chemical reactions at a lower computational cost with ab initio accuracy. By analyzing reaction free energy surfaces, molecular interactions among CO2, DES components and reaction products, and transport of CO2 through the interface, we identify three main reaction pathways of CO2 at the interface: forming carboxylate with [Emim], carbamate with [2-CNpyr], and carbonate with EG. The mechanistic understanding of CO2 chemisorption at the interface will facilitate the development of novel direct air capture technology using DESs.

Nguyen, Manh Tien↗
DOE OSTI2022

Integrated capture and conversion of CO 2 to methane, methanol, or methanol and glycol

A process for producing methane or methanol includes combining a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO 2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methane or methanol, and water. A process for coproduction of methanol and a glycol includes combining an epoxide, a hydrogenation catalyst, hydrogen, and CO 2 with a condensed phase solution comprising an amine under conditions effective to form methanol and a glycol.

Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari↗
DOE OSTI2023

Method for attaching nanomaterials comprising hexagonal lattices to polymer surfaces

The invention is directed to a method for attaching nanomaterials containing hexagonal lattices to polymer surfaces. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be attached to polycarbonate, polyethylene, or epoxy surfaces by amination of the polymer surface, functionalization of the surfaces of CNTs with ester groups, and reacting the aminated surface of the polymer with the ester groups of the functionalized surfaces of the CNTs in an organic solvent to chemically bind the CNTs to the polymer surface.

Redline, Erica Marie↗
DOE OSTI2023

Adsorption cooling system using metal organic frameworks

A highly adsorptive structure includes: a substrate; and a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising a plurality of metal atoms coordinated to a plurality of organic spacer molecules; wherein the MOF is coupled to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the MOF is configured to adsorb and desorb a refrigerant under predetermined thermodynamic conditions. The refrigerant includes one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: acid halides, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, chlorofluorocarbons, esters, ethers, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, halocarbons, halogenated aldehydes, halogenated amines, halogenated hydrocarbons, halomethanes, hydrocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, hydrofluoroolefins, inorganic gases, ketones, nitrocarbon compounds, noble gases, organochlorine compounds, organofluorine compounds, organophosphorous compounds, organosilicon compounds, oxide gases, refrigerant blends and thiols.

Baumann, Theodore F.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Support-free adsorbents for CO 2 capture from air

A resin includes a functionalized aminopolymer having amine sites for capturing carbon dioxide molecules, where each aminopolymer molecule has at least one functional group amenable to crosslinking, a porogen, and a crosslinking initiator. A product includes an aminopolymer material formed into a self-supporting structure, the aminopolymer material including crosslinked aminopolymers having amine sites for the capture of carbon dioxide molecules.

Pang, Simon Hoching↗
DOE OSTI2023

Non-isocyanate polyurethane products and methods of making the same

The present disclosure relates to a method for making a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam, where the method includes decomposing a blowing agent having at least one of an amine carbamate salt and/or an amine bicarbonate salt to form a diamine and CO 2 in the presence of a molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups and reacting the diamine with at least a portion of the cyclic carbonate functional groups to form the NIPU foam. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the reacting and the decomposing may occur at substantially the same rate.

Dong, Tao↗
DOE OSTI2024

Converting Poly(ethylene terephthalate) to Rigid Thermosets: Performance and Recycling Considerations

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is one of today's most ubiquitous plastics finding predominant uses in textiles and food applications. Due to its prolific implementation, PET already possesses a robust mechanical recycling infrastructure; however, current requirements for mechanical recycling still leads to an underutilization of PET. Thus, to keep carbon in the economy and further encourage decarbonization efforts it is paramount to find other applications for PET. In the present work, PET is converted to thermoset applications, specifically those relevant to fiber reinforced plastics. In one case, bioderived monomers are utilized to convert glycolyzed PET into unsaturated polyesters resins which can possess better thermomechanical performance than their petrochemical counterpart while also emitting less GHG emissions in their manufacture. In the second case, the constituent monomers from PET are converted into epoxies and reacted with either amines or anhydrides to form thermoset networks. When anhydrides are implemented alongside carboxylate-based epoxies, 100% monomer recyclability is obtainable. Meanwhile, when amines are used, performance of the materials can be enhanced at the sacrifice of some recyclability. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential to further incentivize the reclamation of materials through multiple second life applications in pursuance of maintaining carbon in today's material economy.

BIOMASS FUELS,ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Calcined Polyethyleneimine Coated Optical Fibers for Distributed pH Monitoring at High Pressures and Temperatures

In the oil and gas, CO2 sequestration, H2 subsurface storage, and geothermal energy sectors, subsurface pH measurements are critical for monitoring the geochemical conditions and estimating potential corrosion rates of wellbore systems. Real-time pH measurements in these conditions are vital for detecting and predicting corrosion deterioration of wellbore components that may jeopardize the safety and continued operation of wellbore systems. Building off of earlier TiO2 based pH sensors and the known pH sensitivity of amine-based polymers, a coating based on the secondary amine polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) was developed. The sensor coating was treated with a high temperature (500 °C) calcination procedure in air to convert it into a more stable oxidized coating capable of withstanding hot aqueous solutions without dissolving while retaining linear pH sensitivity from pH values between 2 and 11. The sensor performance was measured using optical transmission measurements in solutions of various pHs and using optical backscatter reflectometry for distributed pH sensing demonstration in wellbore-relevant pressures (up to 1000 psi) and temperatures (80 °C). A calibration curve with strong differentiation between acidic and alkaline pH was developed for both transmission-based and distributed pH measurements, using fixed wavelength transmission and integrated linear amplitude of backscattered light for distributed measurements.

Shumski, Alexander↗