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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnS by Materials Project

ZnS is Moissanite 9R-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. There are eight inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. The S–Zn bond length is 2.36 Å. In the sixth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. In the seventh S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. In the eighth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on YMgZn by Materials Project

ZnMgY crystallizes in the hexagonal P-62m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Zn atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and two longer (2.89 Å) Mg–Zn bond lengths. Y is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Zn atoms. All Y–Zn bond lengths are 3.10 Å. There are two inequivalent Zn sites. In the first Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mg and six equivalent Y atoms. In the second Zn site, Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mg and three equivalent Y atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnS by Materials Project

ZnS is Moissanite 9R-like structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four S2- atoms to form corner-sharing ZnS4 tetrahedra. All Zn–S bond lengths are 2.36 Å. There are five inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded to four equivalent Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the third S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å. In the fourth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. The S–Zn bond length is 2.36 Å. In the fifth S2- site, S2- is bonded to four Zn2+ atoms to form corner-sharing SZn4 tetrahedra. All S–Zn bond lengths are 2.36 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnP2NO9 by Materials Project

Zn(PO4)2NO crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two nitroxyl molecules and one Zn(PO4)2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the Zn(PO4)2 sheet, Zn is bonded to four O atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four PO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.99 Å. There are two inequivalent P sites. In the first P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.76 Å. In the second P site, P is bonded to four O atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.51–1.75 Å. There are eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one P and one O atom. The O–O bond length is 1.39 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one P atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one P and one O atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn and one P atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Yb2ZnSb2 by Materials Project

Yb2ZnSb2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eighteen inequivalent Yb2+ sites. In the first Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with seven YbSb6 octahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–56°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.54 Å. In the second Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with seven YbSb6 octahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.55 Å. In the third Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with seven YbSb6 octahedra, faces with two YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–52°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.52 Å. In the fourth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with seven YbSb6 octahedra, faces with two YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.57 Å. In the fifth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eleven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 23–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.30 Å. In the sixth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eleven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 28–54°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.36 Å. In the seventh Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eleven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 29–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.34 Å. In the eighth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with eleven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–57°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.40 Å. In the ninth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with eight YbSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–57°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.47 Å. In the tenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with eight YbSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.41 Å. In the eleventh Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with eight YbSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–54°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.39 Å. In the twelfth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with eight YbSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one YbSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.37 Å. In the thirteenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with twelve YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent YbSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–56°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.36 Å. In the fourteenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with twelve YbSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with six YbSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–55°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.41 Å. In the fifteenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.26 Å. In the sixteenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.59 Å. In the seventeenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with thirteen YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with three YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–52°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.49 Å. In the eighteenth Yb2+ site, Yb2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted YbSb6 octahedra that share corners with thirteen YbSb6 octahedra, edges with four YbSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with three YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–54°. There are a spread of Yb–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.55 Å. There are nine inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–70°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.83 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–69°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.84 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–70°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.85 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with eight YbSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 25–67°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.88 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with three YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–63°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.95 Å. In the sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with three YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–62°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.95 Å. In the seventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with three YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 30–62°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.86 Å. In the eighth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with nine YbSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three YbSb6 octahedra, and faces with three YbSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 33–63°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.95 Å. In the ninth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Sb3- atoms. There are one shorter (2.59 Å) and two longer (2.63 Å) Zn–Sb bond lengths. There are eighteen inequivalent Sb3- sites. In the first Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Yb2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the second Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the third Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fourth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fifth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the sixth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and one Zn2+ atom. In the seventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Yb2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing SbYb6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the eighth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Yb2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing SbYb6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the ninth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the tenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eleventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the twelfth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the fourteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Yb2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fifteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordina

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg6ZnFe by Materials Project

Mg6FeZn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to eight Mg, two equivalent Fe, and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, corners with four equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with ten equivalent MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with ten MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.98–3.09 Å. There are one shorter (3.03 Å) and one longer (3.07 Å) Mg–Fe bond lengths. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.05 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded to eight Mg, two equivalent Fe, and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with eight MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.20 Å. Both Mg–Fe bond lengths are 2.93 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with fourteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.07 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 2.93 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to ten Mg and two equivalent Fe atoms. Both Mg–Fe bond lengths are 2.90 Å. Fe is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra. Both Fe–Zn bond lengths are 3.07 Å. Zn is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Fe atoms to form ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, corners with six equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent FeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent ZnMg10Fe2 cuboctahedra, and faces with ten MgMg8Zn2Fe2 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mg5Zn by Materials Project

Mg5Zn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are five inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded to twelve Mg atoms to form MgMg12 cuboctahedra that share corners with eighteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, edges with ten MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.18 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded to eight Mg and four equivalent Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing MgMg8Zn4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.02–3.15 Å. All Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.08 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (3.08 Å) and two longer (3.15 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.06 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with fifteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra. There are two shorter (3.15 Å) and two longer (3.29 Å) Mg–Mg bond lengths. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.05 Å. In the fifth Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with fifteen MgMg8Zn4 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen MgMg12 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.15 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.02 Å. Zn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to ten Mg atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CeMg6Zn by Materials Project

Mg6CeZn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Mg, two equivalent Ce, and two equivalent Zn atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.15–3.29 Å. There are one shorter (3.32 Å) and one longer (3.35 Å) Mg–Ce bond lengths. There are one shorter (3.24 Å) and one longer (3.44 Å) Mg–Zn bond lengths. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Mg, two equivalent Ce, and two equivalent Zn atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.08–3.44 Å. Both Mg–Ce bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.13 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form distorted MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent MgCe2Mg10 cuboctahedra, faces with four MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, and faces with six equivalent CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.23 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Ce atoms to form distorted MgCe2Mg10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with two equivalent MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, and faces with four MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra. Both Mg–Ce bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Ce is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, edges with four equivalent MgCe2Mg10 cuboctahedra, faces with two equivalent CeMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight MgMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra. Both Ce–Zn bond lengths are 3.23 Å. Zn is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to ten Mg and two equivalent Ce atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca4ZnAg3 by Materials Project

Ca4Ag3Zn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pmm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Ca sites. In the first Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Ag and one Zn atom. There are four shorter (3.20 Å) and two longer (3.22 Å) Ca–Ag bond lengths. The Ca–Zn bond length is 3.26 Å. In the second Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ag and two equivalent Zn atoms. There are four shorter (3.21 Å) and one longer (3.24 Å) Ca–Ag bond lengths. Both Ca–Zn bond lengths are 3.17 Å. In the third Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to three Ag and four equivalent Zn atoms. There are two shorter (3.16 Å) and one longer (3.24 Å) Ca–Ag bond lengths. All Ca–Zn bond lengths are 3.20 Å. In the fourth Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ag atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Ag bond distances ranging from 3.20–3.28 Å. There are three inequivalent Ag sites. In the first Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ca and two equivalent Ag atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.89 Å. In the second Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ca and two equivalent Ag atoms. In the third Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ca and two equivalent Zn atoms. Both Ag–Zn bond lengths are 2.83 Å. Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ca and two equivalent Ag atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca2ZnSb2 by Materials Project

Ca2ZnSb2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eighteen inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.63 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.27 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.64 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.28 Å. In the fifth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.27 Å. In the sixth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.28 Å. In the seventh Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with ten CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with two CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–53°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.55 Å. In the eighth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with ten CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with two CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.59 Å. In the ninth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–55°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.32 Å. In the tenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.40 Å. In the eleventh Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.37 Å. In the twelfth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–57°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.41 Å. In the thirteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–50°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.37 Å. In the fourteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with six CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–50°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.44 Å. In the fifteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–57°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.48 Å. In the sixteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.52 Å. In the seventeenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.49 Å. In the eighteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–55°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.45 Å. There are nine inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–59°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.95 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–60°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.96 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–61°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.86 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–61°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.96 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–54°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.84 Å. In the sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–54°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.86 Å. In the seventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–53°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. In the eighth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.92 Å. In the ninth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Sb3- atoms. There are one shorter (2.58 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Zn–Sb bond lengths. There are eighteen inequivalent Sb3- sites. In the first Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the second Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the third Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fourth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fifth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the sixth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the seventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the eighth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the ninth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the tenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eleventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the twelfth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the fourteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form distorted edge-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the fifteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the sixteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the seventeenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eighteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaMg6Zn by Materials Project

Mg6LaZn crystallizes in the orthorhombic Amm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Mg sites. In the first Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to eight Mg, two equivalent La, and one Zn atom. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.11–3.35 Å. There are one shorter (3.42 Å) and one longer (3.50 Å) Mg–La bond lengths. The Mg–Zn bond length is 2.94 Å. In the second Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Mg, two equivalent La, and two equivalent Zn atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Mg bond distances ranging from 3.04–3.26 Å. Both Mg–La bond lengths are 3.31 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.06 Å. In the third Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms. Both Mg–Mg bond lengths are 3.16 Å. Both Mg–Zn bond lengths are 3.36 Å. In the fourth Mg site, Mg is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Mg and two equivalent La atoms. Both Mg–La bond lengths are 3.26 Å. La is bonded to ten Mg and two equivalent Zn atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and face-sharing LaMg10Zn2 cuboctahedra. Both La–Zn bond lengths are 3.19 Å. Zn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to eight Mg and two equivalent La atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Y4ZnGa3 by Materials Project

Y4ZnGa3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imm2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Y sites. In the first Y site, Y is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to one Zn and six Ga atoms. The Y–Zn bond length is 3.13 Å. There are four shorter (3.06 Å) and two longer (3.19 Å) Y–Ga bond lengths. In the second Y site, Y is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Zn and five Ga atoms. Both Y–Zn bond lengths are 3.14 Å. There are four shorter (3.06 Å) and one longer (3.11 Å) Y–Ga bond lengths. In the third Y site, Y is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Ga atoms. There are a spread of Y–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.06–3.19 Å. In the fourth Y site, Y is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four equivalent Zn and three Ga atoms. All Y–Zn bond lengths are 3.07 Å. There are one shorter (3.10 Å) and two longer (3.17 Å) Y–Ga bond lengths. Zn is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Y and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Zn–Ga bond lengths are 2.71 Å. There are three inequivalent Ga sites. In the first Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Y and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Ga–Ga bond lengths are 2.62 Å. In the second Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Y and two equivalent Zn atoms. In the third Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Y and two equivalent Ga atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Ca2ZnGa3 by Materials Project

Ca2ZnGa3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ca sites. In the first Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Zn and nine Ga atoms. There are one shorter (3.24 Å) and two longer (3.33 Å) Ca–Zn bond lengths. There are a spread of Ca–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.33 Å. In the second Ca site, Ca is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Zn and nine Ga atoms. There are two shorter (3.12 Å) and one longer (3.21 Å) Ca–Zn bond lengths. There are a spread of Ca–Ga bond distances ranging from 3.10–3.33 Å. Zn is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ca and four Ga atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.61–2.85 Å. There are three inequivalent Ga sites. In the first Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ca, one Zn, and three Ga atoms. There are two shorter (2.64 Å) and one longer (2.87 Å) Ga–Ga bond lengths. In the second Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ca, two equivalent Zn, and two Ga atoms. The Ga–Ga bond length is 2.66 Å. In the third Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to six Ca, one Zn, and three Ga atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Metal Removal by a Free Surface Constructed Wetland and Prediction of Metal Bioavailability and Toxicity with Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) and Biotic Ligand Model (BLM)

The H-02 constructed wetland is a free water surface wetland to remove copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from the industrial wastewater. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the wetland from 2018 to 2019 and coupled the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGTs) and biotic ligand model (BLM) to explore metal speciation and bioavailability in wetland waters. Surface water samples were collected and piston DGTs were deployed in different sites of the wetland. The H-02 wetland functioned well during the sampling period with high removal efficiencies (Cu: 73.8 ± 1.2% and Zn: 75.2 ± 16.0%). In our study, with the assumption that the combination of BLM predicted inorganic metals species, BLM Cu(II) and BLM Zn(II), were the bioavailable and toxic species, DGT-Cu did not correlate to BLM Cu(II) (P = 0.47), but DGT-Zn positively correlated to BLM Zn(II) (R 2 = 0.35, P < 0.001). Compared to the modeling results of BLM, DGT-indicated labile and/or bioavailable Cu included not only free Cu ions and inorganic Cu complexes but also a high percentage of Cu-labile organic matter complexes. DGT-indicated Zn included free Zn ion, inorganic Zn, and only a low percentage of Zn-labile organic matter complexes. Our findings illustrated the appropriate use of passive sampling techniques and geological modeling when biomonitoring could be substituted. Furthermore, the close monitoring of metal concentrations, speciation, and bioavailability helps us understand metal biogeochemistry and metal removal processes and ensure the long-term sustainability of the constructed wetland.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Zinc treatment to enhance nickel electrode performance for liquid alkaline water electrolyzers

Raney Ni treatment is introduced to the surface of Ni mesh anode electrodes, enhancing liquid alkaline water electrolyzer performance. The surface of the Ni mesh is alloyed with Zn, deposited by either an aqueous infiltration of Zn salt or direct reaction with Zn foil. The extent of alloying is controlled by a heat treatment step. For both processes, fine porosity and enhanced surface area are obtained after leaching the Zn out of the surface alloy layer. The observed electrode surface structure and performance is quite sensitive to the thermal treatment temperature. The enhanced surface area improves full cell performance by 90 mV for infiltrated Zn treated at 600 °C and by 185 mV for Zn foil reacted at 425 °C (at 2 A cm −2 and 80 °C). In conclusion, the Zn treatment methods produce stable operating performance, exhibiting no decay after 150 h for the infiltrated Zn treated at 600 °C, and a decay rate of 4.6 μV h −1 over 100 h for the Zn foil reacted at 425 °C (at 1 A cm −2 and 80 °C).

LAWE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Self-seeded growth of very large open-structured zeolite nanosheet assemblies with extraordinary micropore accessibility

Zeolite nanosheets (ZNs) offer improved micropore accessibilities and transport properties for enhanced molecular catalysis and separations. However, practical application of the ZN materials is hampered by the lack of efficient synthesis methods. Here, in this work, a ZN self-seeded method is demonstrated for single-step reproduction of flower-like assemblies of very large MFI ZN plates. The ZN plates are ~60 nm-thick stacks of 4-nm-thick single-crystal sheets. The ZN flower growth involves terrace nucleation on the seed surfaces and subsequent ZN epitaxial growth in [010] orientation directed by a diquaternary agent. The open architecture of the assemblies prevented collapse and agglomeration of ZNs during thermal activation that effectively preserved the interconnected intra-sheet and inter-sheet micropore system. Thus, the ZN assemblies exhibited markedly enhanced molecular adsorption capacity and transport diffusivity for the probing xylene molecules as compared to the conventional crystals. The ZN assembly and its harvestable very large-sized ZNs have the potential for developing high-performance ZN adsorbents, catalysts, and molecular-sieve membranes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Zinc-based cyclens containing pyridine and cross-bridges: X-ray and DFT structures, Lewis acidity, gas-phase acidity, and p K a values

Herein it is well known that catalytic centers containing the zinc(II) ion can act as both Lewis and Bronsted-Lowry acids. In addition to coordination number, the Zn coordination geometry can also strongly impact the acidity of the active site, no matter what measure of acidity is considered. Herein, we report the first pentacoordinate, zinc-ammonia complex containing a pyridine based tetraazamacrocycle, [(pyclen)Zn(NH 3 )](PF 6 ) 2 , that has applications in Lewis acid catalysis. From this structure, we obtain binding energies and acidities for a series of related pyclen and cross-bridged cyclen type tetraazamacrocycles comprising the pentacoordinate N 4 Zn(II)–OH 2 entity, collectively referred to as [(R-cyclen)Zn–OH 2 ] 2+ . Results from gas- and aqueous-phase density functional theory (M05-2X) and ab initio (MP2) calculations reported herein demonstrate that molecular geometry has a substantial influence on both the Zn–OH x binding strengths and the deprotonation energy of coordinated H 2 O, but not necessarily in a predicable way. While generally more constrained N–Zn–N coordination leads to greater Zn–OH 2 binding energies (Lewis acidities), the corresponding Lewis acidities of the complexes don’t always correlate with the Zn–OH 2 bond lengths nor the (Bronsted) acidity of the coordinated H 2 O. Additionally, the order of the Lewis acid strength of the [(R-cyclen)Zn(II)] complexes changes as the basic –OH 2 ligand is replaced with its –OH counterpart.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

Atomic-Scale Structure and Catalysis on Positively Charged Bimetallic Sites for Generation of H 2

In this paper, we report that a cationic bimetallic site consisting of one Pd and three Zn atoms (Pd 1 Zn 3 ) supported on ZnO (Pd 1 Zn 3 /ZnO) exhibits an extraordinarily high catalytic activity for the generation of H 2 through methanol partial oxidation (MPO) that is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of a metallic Pd–Zn site on Pd–Zn nanoalloy (Pd–Zn/ZnO). Computational studies uncovered that the positively charged Pd atom of the subnanometer Pd 1 Zn 3 bimetallic site largely decreases the activation barrier for dehydrogenation of methanol as compared to a metallic Pd atom of Pd–Zn alloy, thus switching the rate-determining step of MPO from methanol dehydrogenation over a Pd–Zn alloy with high barrier to the O 2 dissociation step on a cationic Pd 1 Zn 3 site with a low barrier, which is supported by our kinetics studies. The significantly higher catalytic activity and selectivity for H 2 production over a cationic bimetallic site suggest a new approach to design bimetallic catalysts.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗