Engineering Papers⌕ Search

DOE OSTI · 1690814

Materials Data on Ca2ZnSb2 by Materials Project

Abstract

Ca2ZnSb2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are eighteen inequivalent Ca2+ sites. In the first Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.63 Å. In the second Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.27 Å. In the third Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.64 Å. In the fourth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.28 Å. In the fifth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.27 Å. In the sixth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five Sb3- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.28 Å. In the seventh Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with ten CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with two CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–53°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.55 Å. In the eighth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with ten CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, faces with two CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.18–3.59 Å. In the ninth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–55°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.32 Å. In the tenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.40 Å. In the eleventh Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.19–3.37 Å. In the twelfth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, edges with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–57°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.17–3.41 Å. In the thirteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–50°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.26–3.37 Å. In the fourteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with eight CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with six CaSb6 octahedra, edges with two ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and faces with two CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–50°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.16–3.44 Å. In the fifteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form distorted CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–57°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.48 Å. In the sixteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with nine CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.52 Å. In the seventeenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–54°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.22–3.49 Å. In the eighteenth Ca2+ site, Ca2+ is bonded to six Sb3- atoms to form CaSb6 octahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with six ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with four CaSb6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra, a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one ZnSb4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–55°. There are a spread of Ca–Sb bond distances ranging from 3.23–3.45 Å. There are nine inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 34–59°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.68–2.95 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 35–60°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.96 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 31–61°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.86 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CaSb6 octahedra, corners with four ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with three CaSb6 octahedra, and a faceface with one CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 32–61°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.96 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 17–54°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.84 Å. In the sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and edges with five CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–54°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.86 Å. In the seventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 21–53°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.88 Å. In the eighth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb3- atoms to form ZnSb4 tetrahedra that share corners with four CaSb6 octahedra, corners with three ZnSb4 tetrahedra, edges with five CaSb6 octahedra, and faces with two equivalent CaSb6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 26–56°. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.92 Å. In the ninth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Sb3- atoms. There are one shorter (2.58 Å) and two longer (2.64 Å) Zn–Sb bond lengths. There are eighteen inequivalent Sb3- sites. In the first Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the second Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the third Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fourth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the fifth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the sixth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to five Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the seventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the eighth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the ninth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the tenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eleventh Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the twelfth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ca2+ and three Zn2+ atoms. In the fourteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form distorted edge-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the fifteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the sixteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded to six Ca2+ and one Zn2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbCa6Zn pentagonal bipyramids. In the seventeenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms. In the eighteenth Sb3- site, Sb3- is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to six Ca2+ and two Zn2+ atoms.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

2020-04-30. Materials Data on Ca2ZnSb2 by Materials Project. https://doi.org/10.17188/1690814

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related reports

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗