Economy of large launch vehicles including orbital labor cost.
Conceptual design of reusable launch vehicle, termed chemical nexus concept, as improvement on orbital payload capability of Saturn V launch vehicle
SPACECRAFT DESIGN↗
SEARCH · Engineering Papers
Results for “Reusability”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Mission applications of orbital and global range transports.
Reusable aerospace transport design for global, Earth-to-orbit and interorbital transportation
SPACECRAFT DESIGN↗
Challenge of the century
Development of reusable, improved space vehicles for future space exploration
SPACE EXPLORATION↗
Research on computational and display requirements for human control of space vehicle boosters. Part I - Theory and results Final report, 1 Mar. - 31 Aug. 1967
Optimization study of computation and display requirements for human control of reusable orbital transport ascent
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL↗
Addressing Scalability While Feature Requests Persist. A Look at NASA Worldview's New Features and Their Implementation
Worldview is a high-traffic web mapping application created using the JavaScript mapping library, OpenLayers. This presentation will primarily focus on three new features: A wrapping component that seamlessly shows satellite imagery over the dateline where most maps either stop or wrap the imagery of the same date. An animation feature that allows users to select date ranges over which they can animate. An A/B comparison feature that gives users the power to compare imagery between dates and layers. In response to an increasingly large codebase caused by ongoing feature requests, Worldview is transitioning to a smaller core codebase comprised of external reusable modules. When creating a module with the intention of having someone else reuse it for a different task, one inherently starts generating code that is easier to read and easier to maintain. This presentation will show demos of these features and cover development techniques used to create them. Worldview is a web mapping tool used for education, research, and disaster response. We consume 600+ Imagery products and support time-critical application areas such as wildfire management, air quality measurements, and flood monitoring.
Reusability↗
TRUST, Trustworthiness and EOSDIS
In recent years there has been considerable attention by the international scientific research and applications community to ensure high quality of data and information management. The terms FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data, TRUST (Transparency, Responsibility, User Community, Sustainability, and Technology) principles, and CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, and Ethics) principles have come into vogue during the last decade. NASA has been managing data and information for over 60 years. NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) has been in operation for over 25 years, managing most of NASA’s Earth science data. Trustworthiness is a goal that NASA has always strived to achieve or exceed, because it: enables the success of any NASA science mission; inspires general science research and applications; justifies the cost of operations; contributes to the value of NASA’s Open Data Policy; and influences the long term, historical view for the data collection. Given the recent growth of interest in TRUST principles, it is useful to assess and show how NASA’s attention to trustworthiness maps into those principles. This presentation addresses shows how the various steps that have been taken by the Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project in the implementation and evolution of EOSDIS map into the TRUST principles.
Remote Sensing↗
The Use of Atmospheric Composition Variable Standard Names in Airborne and Field Data Products
The number of variables measured during airborne field campaigns has increased more than tenfold over the last thirty years. With this increase in measurements, the complexity for distributed active archive centers (DAACs) to distribute the data and for data users to search for and find measurements of interest has also increased. Part of this complexity arises from the unique variable names in suborbital atmospheric composition field studies. With limited guidelines related to variable naming, variable names and structures can vary significantly, even for the same type of variable. It is common for instrument scientists to use their intended measurable quantity as the data variable name. This can make it difficult for users to locate and interact with a particular variable across multiple data sets. One effective solution to this problem, identified by the Earth Science Data System (ESDS) ICARTT Refresh Working Group [1], was to introduce variable standard names that can be used as tags for each data variable. This allows similar measurements (e.g., dew point) to be categorized and located across field campaigns, regardless of what variable name the instrument scientist has used. From this the atmospheric composition variable standard names were developed with the goal to use Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles [2] and provide context for all users, while remaining connected to those in the subject area. These standard names have been successfully implemented in FIREX-AQ, CAMP 2EX, ACTIVATE, and DCOTSS field campaigns.
metadata↗
FAIR Assessments
Presentation on Findable Accessible Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) Assessment approaches for data.
FAIR↗
Low-Cost PV Substrate Maturation
This poster explores reusable substrates for PV in large-scale space installations.
acoustic GaAs↗
Chapter 3: Nanostructured Iron Oxide Hybrid Composites as Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Catalyst for Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants
In water purification research and technologies, heterogeneous Fenton catalysts are evolving as an excellent material recently. A summary of present research on heterogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like processes is essential for developing novel and high-efficiency organic wastewater treatment methods. In this chapter, we discussed the basics of Fenton reactions taking the example of iron oxides and their different composites, such as bimetallic composites, composites with carbon compounds, and Fe metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The important operating parameters (solution pH, H 2 O 2 dosage, amount of catalyst used, and reaction temperature) in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions are discussed. Strategies to increase the rate and activities of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts by using energy sources are presented. The mechanistic aspects of heterogeneous Fenton processes and reusability of catalysts along with their application in real wastewater plants are summarized and discussed. Finally, we concluded with the scope and future prospects of heterogeneous Fenton catalysis research to motivate the readers to construct novel and efficient heterogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like systems for industrial applications.
carbon composites↗
Analysis and Design for Sustainable Circularity of Barrier Films Used in Sheet Molding Composites Production
Sheet molding composites (SMC) are thermoset based molding compounds with a global market size of USD 2.1 billion in 2020. SMC is usually processed with multilayer barrier/carrier films to prevent emissions from volatile organic compounds (VOC). The plastic barriers are separated from SMC after the curing process and discarded. To illustrate the high consumption volume of SMC barrier/carrier films, Kohler Co., a company which uses SMC in their bath and showering product lines, alone generates over 1M lb/year of SMC barrier/carrier film waste. Therefore, high amount of SMC barrier/carrier film plastic waste creates a great opportunity for reusing, recycling, or valorization at its end of life. This can be achieved through transition from a linear to a circular supply chain design. However, this transition will not be feasible without overcoming the technical and economic barriers. This project aims to tackle this by making the film circular. Different end of life alternatives will be evaluated experimentally. The reusability of the film will be studied through applying different mechanical and solvent cleaning techniques. The operability concerns regarding the utilization of the cleaned film for long run operations will be addressed by thermally stitching the film. Pelletizing of the cleaned film will also be investigated as a viable technique for recycling or downcycling of the film as molded products. In addition to technical barriers, designing a sustainable circular supply chain for SMC carrier film products requires uncovering the collaboration opportunities between suppliers and users at different stages of the value chain to expand its use to other products. These opportunities will be investigated by finding companies willing to buy or treat the plastic film waste. Finally, the economic viability and environmental impacts of these circular design alternatives will be evaluated through techno-economic assessment (TEA) and life cycle analysis (LCA). Techno-economic and life cycle inventory data for various pathways will also be made available as one of the main outcomes of this project. Preliminary LCA results indicate that the current SMC film supply chain (base case) emits 5.81 tonne CO2 eq. and consumes 104 GJ energy per tonne of SMC film. It is estimated that alternative circular pathways result in 14-20% less CO2 emissions and 34-44% reduction in embodied energy. This project will develop a tool to analyze the circularity and sustainability of hundreds of combinations of alternatives in different life cycle stages. Users of this tool will be able to choose the best combination among these alternatives with respect to the selected economic, environmental and circularity objectives.
circular economy↗
Biogenic Straw Aerogel Thermal Insulation Materials
Biogenic wheat straw is a carbon-storing building insulation material. However, the enzymatic hydrolysis ratio of its cellulose is relatively low due to the presence of hemicellulose and lignin hindering its thermal insulation performance. In this work, we report aerogel and straw composites with thermal conductivity of 35 mW m –1 K –1 , while high cellulose fiber conversion in straw is obtained by using a hybrid mechanical and chemical process. Furthermore, we show that the in-situ cellulose-reinforced silica aerogel nanocomposites exhibit an optimal thermal conductivity of 32 mW m –1 K –1 by using 50 wt% of aerogel. Moreover, the hydrophobic aerogel-cellulose composites show a low density, high porosity (90 %), high compression modulus (1.9 MPa), superhydrophobicity, and superior reusability. This work provides a cost-effective and facile method to manufacture biogenic composites from agriculture waste materials, promising for carbon-sequestration building insulation applications.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Polyphenol-Sensitized Atomic Layer Deposition for Membrane Interface Hydrophilization
Improvements in energy-water systems will necessitate fabrication of high-performance separation membranes. To this end, interface engineering is a powerful tool for tailoring properties, and atomic layer deposition (ALD) has recently emerged as a promising and versatile approach. However, most non-polar polymeric membranes are not amenable to ALD processing due to the absence of nucleation sites. Here, a sensitization strategy for ALD-coating is presented, illustrated by membrane interface hydrophilization. Facile dip-coating with polyphenols effectively sensitizes hydrophobic polymer membranes to TiO2 ALD coating. Tannic acid-sensitized ALD-coated membranes exhibit outstanding underwater crude oil repulsion and rigorous mechanical stability through bending and rinsing tests. As a result, these membranes demonstrate outstanding crude oil-in-water separation and reusability compared to untreated membranes or those treated with ALD without polyphenol pretreatment. A possible polyphenol-sensitized ALD mechanism is proposed involving initial island nucleation followed by film intergrowth. This polyphenol sensitization strategy enriches the functionalization toolbox in material science, interface engineering, and environmental science.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Incombustible Polymer Electrolyte Boosting Safety of Solid–State Lithium Batteries: A Review
Lithium-ion batteries with their portability, high energy density, and reusability are frequently used in today's world. Under extreme conditions, lithium-ion batteries leak, burn, and even explode. Therefore, improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a focus of attention. Researchers believe using a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid one can solve the lithium battery safety issue. Due to the low price, good processability and high safety of the solid polymer electrolytes, increasing attention have been paid to them. However, polymer electrolytes can also decompose and burn under extreme conditions. Moreover, lithium dendrites are formed continuously due to the uneven charge distribution on the surface of the lithium metal anode. A short circuit caused by a lithium dendrite can cause the battery to thermal runaway. As a result, the safety of polymer solid-state batteries remains a challenge. In this review, the thermal runaway mechanism of the batteries is summarized, and the batteries abuse test standard is introduced. In addition, the recent works on the high-safety polymer electrolytes and the solution strategies of lithium anode problems in polymer batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development direction of safe polymer solid lithium batteries is prospected.
25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
Structure, Function, and Application of Self–Healing Adhesives from Mistletoe Viscin
Berries from the European Mistletoe (Viscum album) possess a sticky tissue called viscin that facilitates adhesion and germination onto host trees. Recent studies of viscin have demonstrated its adhesive capacity on a range of natural and synthetic surfaces including wood, skin, metals, and plastic. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, an investigation of the adhesive performance of mistletoe viscin is performed, demonstrating its hygroscopic nature and ability to self-heal following adhesive failure. It is identified that adhesion originates from a water-soluble adhesive component that can be extracted, isolated, and characterized independently. Lap shear mechanical testing indicates that the mistletoe adhesive extract (MAE) outperforms native viscin tissue, as well as gum arabic and arabinogalactan—common plant-based adhesives. Furthermore, humidity uptake experiments reveal that MAE can reversibly absorb nearly 100% of its mass in water from the atmosphere. In-depth spectroscopic and mass spectrometry investigations reveal a composition consisting primarily of an atypical arabinogalactan, with additional sugar alcohols. Finally, several proof-of-concept applications are demonstrated using MAE for hygro-responsive reversible adhesion between various surfaces including skin, plastic, PDMS, and paper, revealing that MAE holds potential as a biorenewable and reusable adhesive for applications in cosmetics, packaging, and potentially, tissue engineering.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Free Hydroxy Groups for Enhanced Perfluorooctanoic Acid Uptake in Water
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a highly recalcitrant organic pollutant, and its bioaccumulation severely endangers human health. While various methods are developed for PFOA removal, the targeted design of adsorbents with high efficiency and reusability remains largely unexplored. Here, in this work, the rational design and synthesis of two novel zirconium‐based metal‒organic frameworks (MOFs) bearing free ortho ‐hydroxy sites, namely noninterpenetrated PCN‐1001 and twofold interpenetrated PCN‐1002, are presented. Single crystal analysis of the pure ligand reveals that intramolecular hydrogen bonding plays a pivotal role in directing the formation of MOFs with free hydroxy groups. Furthermore, the transformation from PCN‐1001 to PCN‐1002 is realized. Compared to PCN‐1001, PCN‐1002 displays higher chemical stability due to interpenetration, thereby demonstrating an exceptional PFOA adsorption capacity of up to 632 mg g −1 (1.53 mmol g −1 ), which is comparable to the reported record values. Moreover, PCN‐1002 shows rapid kinetics, high selectivity, and long‐life cycles in PFOA removal tests. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance results and density functional theory calculations reveal that multiple hydrogen bonds between the free ortho ‐hydroxy sites and PFOA, along with Lewis acid‐base interaction, work collaboratively to enhance PFOA adsorption.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Rigid Supramolecular Aramid Nanotubes as Catalyst Supports
Solution‐phase heterogeneous catalysts benefit from nanoscale dimensions, which maximize specific surface area and enhance catalytic activity. However, the ease of recovering such nanocatalysts depends on the design of the support materials, which are often particle‐like. Rigid 1D nanomaterials are proposed as supports that can enhance separability while offering high volumetric specific surface area for greater catalyst loading and activity. Here, aramid amphiphiles (AAs) are designed to spontaneously self‐assemble in water into high‐aspect‐ratio supramolecular nanotubes with tunable surface chemistry. These AA nanotubes exhibit high persistence lengths (P = 750 ± 340 µm) and mechanical stiffnesses (3 N/m). Incorporating surface thiol groups enables immobilization of catalytic gold nanoparticles. The resulting AA nanotube‐gold nanoparticle complexes exhibit high catalytic activity, efficient recoverability via simple microfiltration, and sustained reusability over ten reaction cycles. This study demonstrates the utility of molecular self‐assembled 1D nanomaterials as versatile scaffolds for the reuse and recovery of nanoscale catalysts.
1D nanomaterials↗
Digital and Gradient Refractive Index Planar Optics by Nanoimprinting Mesoporous Silicon
We report the realization of digital and gradient index flat-optics and planar waveguides using the ‘nanoimprinting refractive index’ (NIRI) technique applied to mesoporous silicon. This technique combines the distinct optical and mechanical metamaterial qualities of mesoporous silicon, including its widely tunable effective refractive index and ability to undergo plastic deformation with a near zero Poisson ratio. Nanoimprinting with premastered and reusable stamps containing analog or digital features enables the continuous or discontinuous patterning of refractive index with high contrast Δn ≥ 0.8 and subwavelength resolution. Using NIRI we experimentally demonstrate a wavefront shaping flat microlens array operating in the visible (405–635 nm) and mesoporous silicon and silica waveguides operating near 1310 nm. This study demonstrates the viability of patterning arbitrary refractive index distributions, n(x,y), on the surface of a chip while circumventing the challenges and limitations of top-down lithographic techniques – thus opening a low-cost and scalable approach for the realization of advanced planar optical technologies.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗