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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 73 records · Page 4
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

2019 California Vehicle Survey

The 2019 California Vehicle Survey of residential and commercial light-duty fleet owners in California assessed consumer preferences for vehicles and included a targeted sample of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners. In addition to economic and demographic data, the survey integrated light-duty vehicle holding and use information with vehicle choice data, which was collected via a set of eight exercises on vehicle and fuel type choice. The PEV owner survey participants provided additional data on charging behavior, electricity rates, and their main motivations for purchasing PEVs.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2021

Overview of the Electrification of Transportation in Hawaii

This document is a summary of electric vehicle (EV) experiences in Hawaii. It is meant to be informative but does not present any new technical analysis except for the development of key lessons learned that could be applied in similar contexts. The electrification of transportation is essential for Hawaii's energy goal. An electrification of transportation strategy complements other energy policy goals, increases clean energy impacts, and provides customer value. By the end of 2020, there were over 12,000 EVs registered in Hawaii (about 1 percent of all cars). That number is expected to grow, based on the results from recent surveys and studies in Hawaii. Surveys pointed out the need for more charging stations, especially in places where people do business or park for long periods of the day. Participation in controlled charging programs should have attractive incentives since a majority of EV owners would not be willing to interrupt their EV charging for demand response. Various studies have confirmed the EV potential in Hawaii. For example, the JUMPSmart Maui demonstration project, a public-private partnership with Japan, helped to establish the EV charging station infrastructure in Maui and provided important information about charging behaviors. A critical backbone study commissioned by the utility recommended that 3,600 public chargers be installed by 2030 on the five islands, which confirms the need for infrastructure improvements expressed in earlier surveys. The process that emerged in Hawaii can be an example to other locations, which could heed the lessons from Hawaii's EV experiences: The importance of an overarching energy goal/objective based on a shared vision; planning and pilot projects; a strategic plan (roadmap) leveraging on initial experiences; evaluation of the effectiveness/success of actions; fine-tuning as needed; close regulatory oversight and stakeholder participation.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Management and International Sorption Model Collaboration (M4SF-23LL010302062-NEA-TDB)

This progress report (Level 4 Milestone Number M4SF-23LL010302062) summarizes research conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) within the Crystalline International Collaborations Activity Number SF-23LL01030206. The activity is focused on our long-term commitment of engaging our partners in international nuclear waste repository research. This includes participation in the Nuclear Energy Agency Thermochemical Database (NEA-TDB) Project and development of methodologies for integrating US and international thermodynamic databases for use in SFWST Generic Disposal System Assessment (GDSA) efforts. A continuing focus for FY23 efforts has been to support the US participation in the NEA-TDB effort (Mavrik Zavarin replaced Cindy Atkins-Duffin on the NEA-TDB Management Board (MB) and Executive Group (EG)) and developing mechanisms for integration of NEA-TDB thermochemical data with LLNL’s SUPCRTNE thermodynamic database that supports the SFWST GDSA activities. This effort is coordinated with the Argillite work package SUPCRTNE database development efforts. The goal is to provide a downloadable database that will be hosted on a LLNL website which integrates NEA-TDB data into the LLNL SUPCRTNE database where appropriate. As part of our international activities, we continue our effort to integrate international sorption databases into L-SCIE (Zavarin et al., 2022b). We presented opportunities to include sorption in the next phase of NEA-TDB efforts at the April 2023 EG meeting in Paris. FY23 efforts focused on ensuring interoperable database development across multiple international database development activities. The overall goal is to produce an open source database that can be shared and integrated with multiple nuclear waste programs internationally and harness modern data science workflows and algorithms to incorporate these new approaches into reactive transport and performance assessment models. In collaboration with our Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf partners, we recently demonstrated the power of FAIR open source databases by fitting iron oxide (hydrous ferric oxide, goethite, hematite, and magnetite) protolysis constants to all available L-SCIE data. The results were submitted as a manuscript to J. Colloid Interface Science. This work will inform future metal sorption studies on a variety of iron oxides in order to discern the most appropriate acidity constants and surface complexation modeling constructs to account for pH-dependent mineral surface charge behavior. This work also explored automated surface complexation model development workflows in order to generate higher throughput model input files for a more facile incorporation into GDSA activities.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Western Smart Regional EV Adoption and Infrastructure at Scale- WestSmartEV@Scale (Budget Period 2 – Milestone Report – TNC EV Study)

WestSmartEV@Scale is a comprehensive research project addressing key opportunities to decarbonize transportation throughout the Rocky Mountain West. Building upon the framework established in the original WestSmart project, unique subprojects are scoped targeting transportation emissions across light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles with consideration of equity and access. This report summarizes the progress to date on Subproject 6, TNC EV Study (Urban Mobility). It is comprised of three sections: • Outreach and participant recruitment; • Survey data collection and analysis; and • BEV driver driving and charging behavior data collection and analysis.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Workplace Charging Data

A data set gathered and maintained by NREL that tracks over 300 vehicles during the course of a 4-year period and how they behave in a workplace charging capacity. The data is further enriched by examining the effect of free charging versus paid charging. There is also a distinction in data marked by the onset of Covid-19. Vehicles are owned and operated by employees and range from smaller pack PHEV to larger pack BEVs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electric Vehicle Charging Data Falsification Attacks Utilizing Behavioral Models

A charging station (CS) and its associated electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and charging electric vehicle (EV) interactions are potential targets for data falsification attacks since CSs are typically unmanned public facilities that are connected to the internet and EVs incorporate the vulnerable CAN bus network, which are both susceptible to remote attacks. The research question being addressed is how is the EV owner and CS negatively affected by CAN bus EV battery current sensor and battery temperature sensor data falsification attacks. Negative effects include economic losses from reduced life span of the battery, battery thermal runaway and fire (and potential loss of surrounding structure), and reduced utilization of the CS due to delayed departure time (longer charging times).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Scalable probabilistic estimates of electric vehicle charging given observed driver behavior

To prepare for rapid growth in global electric vehicle adoption, grid and policy planners depend on detailed forecasts of future charging demand. In this paper we propose a novel holistic, scalable, probabilistic framework to produce large-scale estimates of electric vehicle charging load for long-term planning that capture real drivers’ charging patterns. Our framework captures the uncertainty and stochasticity in charging demand by taking a graphical modeling approach. It has three core elements: driver groups, charging segment choices, and charging session time and energy requirements. The framework uses hierarchical clustering to group drivers by their charging histories, capturing their heterogeneous behaviors and preferences across different segments or types of charging. The framework uses probabilistic mixture models for each driver group’s sessions to identify the unique charging behaviors observed within each segment. We illustrate its application with a large data set from California, profiling the charging patterns and unique driver clusters it identifies. Using the model knobs representing drivers’ battery capacities, behavior, and segment access we present scenarios for California’s charging demand in 2030 with 8 million passenger electric vehicles. Peak charging demand ranged from 3.3 to 8.7 GW across scenarios. Furthermore, each was calculated in under 45 s on a laptop computer.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The phononic and charge density wave behavior of entire rare-earth tritelluride series with chemical pressure and temperature

Here, we present comprehensive phononic and charge density wave properties (CDW) of rare-earth van der Waals tritellurides through temperature dependent angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy measurements. All the possible rare-earth tritellurides (RTe3) ranging from R = La–Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm were synthesized through a chemical vapor transport technique to achieve high quality crystals with excellent CDW characteristics. Raman spectroscopy studies successfully identify the emergence of the CDW state and transition temperature (TCDW), which offers a non-destructive method to identify their CDW response with micron spatial resolution. Temperature dependent Raman measurements further correlate how the atomic mass of metal cations and the resulting chemical pressure influence its CDW properties and offer detailed insight into the strength of CDW amplitude mode-phonon coupling during the CDW transition. Angle-resolved Raman measurements offer the first insights into the CDW-phonon symmetry interplay by monitoring the change in the symmetry of phonon mode across the CDW transition. Overall results introduce the library of RTe3 CDW materials and establish their characteristics through the non-destructive angle-resolved Raman spectroscopy technique.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

AutonomieAI: An efficient and deployable vehicle energy consumption estimation toolkit

Here, this paper presents AutonomieAI, a novel toolkit designed for efficient energy estimation of vehicles across diverse trip scenarios, routes, and drive cycles, applicable to a broad range of vehicle powertrain technologies. It leverages state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques to deliver real-time energy prediction of vehicles, enabling co-simulation with transportation level system tools and opening doors for large-scale optimization at city, network or national level. Benchmark results show that AutonomieAI achieves high accuracy, with an average percentage error below 2% for most powertrain types, and computational efficiency capable of processing over 10,000 trips per second. Applications of AutonomieAI have potential to offer the flexibility to assist in solving eco-routing problems, optimize for vehicle and powertrain selection, study charging decision behavior, and optimize for charging station placement. AutonomieAI is the result of large neural network based model architectures, trained on very large and unique high fidelity vehicle simulation data. It is lightweight, deployable, efficient and has accuracy comparable to specialized and complex physics based simulation softwares.

Autonomie↗
DOE OSTI2021

Influence of Charge Fraction on the Phase Behavior of Symmetric Single-Ion Conducting Diblock Copolymers

A series of symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-block-polystyrene (PsOEGMA-PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized as a model system to probe the effect of charge fraction on the phase behavior of charged-neutral single-ion conducting diblock copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that increasing the charge fraction does not alter the ordered phase morphology (lamellar) but increases the order–disorder transition temperature (T ODT ) significantly. Additionally, the effective Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ eff ) was found to increase linearly with the charge fraction, similar to the case of conventional salt-doped diblock copolymers. This indicates that the effect of counterion solvation, attributed to the significant mismatch between the dielectric constant of each block, provides the dominant effect in tuning the phase behavior of this charged diblock copolymer. Lastly, we therefore infer that electrostatic cohesion (local charge ordering induced by Coulombic interactions), which is predicted to suppress microphase separation and lead to asymmetric phase diagrams, only plays a minor role in this model system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Underlying Data for the EVI-RoadTrip Web Tool

The dataset contains simulation-based charging infrastructure outputs that are visualized on the EVI-RoadTrip webtool. The outputs are aggregated to lower spatial resolution (e.g., state-level, corridor-level).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

Load Profiles Data for the EVI-RoadTrip Web Tool

The dataset contains EVI-RoadTrip outputs, minute-by-minute load profiles in kW for each station in the simulation based on assumed utilization and network density. The load profiles are aggregated to lower spatial resolution (e.g., state-level, corridor-level) by summation of all station loads associated with the respective geography. This results in a load profile for each scenario that summarizes the corridor's, state's, or county's load profile in minute-level resolution.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2026

EVI-X Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Toolbox

The Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Toolbox offers resources for estimating charging infrastructure needs and associated electrical demands based on user-defined electric vehicle adoption scenarios. For more information and additional resources, see the full EVI-X modeling suite of electric vehicle charging infrastructure analysis tools.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Workplace Charging Data Collection and Behavior

This paper is a partner to the actual data being released. The data gathered and maintained by NREL tracks over 300 vehicles during the course of a 4-year period and how they behave in a workplace charging capacity. The data is further enriched by examining the effect of free charging versus paid charging. There is also a distinction in data marked by the onset of Covid-19. Vehicles are owned and operated by employees and range from smaller pack PHEV to larger pack BEVs.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Titanium Carbide MXene Shows an Electrochemical Anomaly in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes

Identifying and understanding charge storage mechanisms is important for advancing energy storage. Well-separated peaks in cyclic voltammograms (CVs) are considered key indicators of diffusion-controlled electrochemical processes with distinct Faradaic charge transfer. Herein, we report on an electrochemical system with separated CV peaks, accompanied by surface-controlled partial charge transfer, in 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene in water-in-salt electrolytes. The process involves the insertion/desertion of desolvation-free cations, leading to an abrupt change of the interlayer spacing between MXene sheets. This unusual behavior increases charge storage at positive potentials, thereby increasing the amount of energy stored. This also demonstrates opportunities for the development of high-rate aqueous energy storage devices and electrochemical actuators using safe and inexpensive aqueous electrolytes.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Unraveling the hysteretic behavior at double cations-double halides perovskite - electrode interfaces

Despite over a decade of research on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) in the context of photovoltaic applications, understanding the nature of electronic and ionic processes associated with current-voltage (I-V) hysteretic behavior has been limited. Here, we explore the hysteretic behavior in (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 perovskite devices with lateral Cr electrodes by applying first order reversal curve (FORC) bias waveform in I-V, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, and in-situ chemical imaging by time-resolved time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (tr-ToF-SIMS). In dark, we reveal pronounced hysteretic behaviors of charge dynamics in the off-field by probing time-dependent current and contact potential difference (CPD). Under illumination, transient and hysteretic behaviors are significantly reduced. The tr-ToF-SIMS results reveal that the hysteretic behaviors are strongly associated with accumulation of Br- ions at the interfaces. In addition, the low mobility MA + ions result in transient behavior and contribute to the hysteretic phenomena. It was shown that Pb 2+ ions can be reduced at the interfaces due to electrochemical reactions with the electrode in the presence of charge injection and photogenerated charges. Furthermore, these hysteretic behaviors associated with charge dynamics, ion migration, and interfacial electrochemical reaction are critical to further improve the performance and stability of MHPs photovoltaics and optoelectronics.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Charge order driven multiferroic behavior in Sr 4 Fe 6 O 12 : An ab-initio study

Here, in this paper, we report the structural, electronic, and ferroelectric properties of the layered mixed-valent transition-metal compound Sr 4 ⁢ Fe 6 ⁢O 12 (SFO). We demonstrate how SFO undergoes a phase transition from a high-temperature (𝑇) centrosymmetric tetragonal phase (𝑃⁢4 2 /𝑚⁢𝑛⁢𝑚) to a low-𝑇 polar orthorhombic phase (𝑃⁢𝑚⁢𝑛⁢2 1 ). The transition is primarily driven by charge ordering at tetrahedral Fe-layer creating Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ cations between two edge-sharing tetrahedra. This charge ordering induces electronic polarization, which is remarkably larger (3.5 times) in magnitude than ionic polarization and oppositely directed, giving a net polarization of 0.05 C/m 2 which is comparable to the state-of-the-art rare-earth nickelets and manganite perovskites. The direction of structural distortion, governed by the polar mode irrep $Γ^−_5$, depends sensitively on the type of magnetic ordering in the Fe-octahedral layer. Consequently, both the ionic and electronic polarization directions are influenced by magnetic ordering, suggesting the potential for multiferroic behavior with strong magnetoelectric coupling in this material.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗