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At least 577 records · Page 32
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

The Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) Data

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found at the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments.Compared to the previous version (https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi: doi:10.15485/1781803), the latest update (Agage_gcmd_gcms.data.2022_01_03.tar.gz) includes 6 months of new data through the end of September 2020. For a complete list of released compounds and used standard scales, please see “AGAGE_scale_2021_v1.pdf” file. Additional information can also be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

The dataset of in-situ measurements of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (2022R1)

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found at the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments. Data from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (total of 9 sites) between August 1993 and March 2021 are provided in “Agage_gcmd_gcms_data_2022_05_26_tar.gz” (compressed tar file). The metadata file has information on each station and currently released species. The standard scales used in archived species are listed in "AGAGE_scale_2022_v1.pdf". Additional information can be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The dataset of in-situ measurements of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (2022R2)

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found on the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments.Data from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (total of 9 sites) between August 1993 and December 2021 are provided in “Agage_gcmd_gcms_data_2022_11_15.tar.gz” (compressed tar file). The metadata file has information on each station and currently released species. The standard scales used in archived species are listed in "AGAGE_scale_2022_v2.pdf". Additional information such as the mission and scientific objectives of the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE program can be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu/about/our-mission).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The dataset of in-situ measurements of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment (AGAGE) and affiliated stations (2023R1)

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found on the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments.Data from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (total of 10 sites) between August 1993 and June 2022 are provided in “Agage_gcmd_gcms_data_2023_07_24.tar.gz” (compressed tar file). The metadata file has information on each station and currently released species. The standard scales used in archived species are listed in "AGAGE_scale_2023_v1.pdf". Additional information can be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

The dataset of in-situ measurements of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment (AGAGE) and affiliated stations (2023R2)

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found on the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments.Data from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (total of 10 sites) between August 1993 and December 2022 are provided in “Agage_gcmd_gcms_data_2023_11_15.tar.gz” (compressed tar file). The metadata file has information on each station and currently released species. The standard scales used in archived species are listed in "AGAGE_scale_2023_v2.pdf". Additional information can be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

The dataset of in-situ measurements of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric gases from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment (AGAGE) and affiliated stations (2024R1)

In the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE global network program, continuous high frequency gas chromatographic measurements of four biogenic/anthropogenic gases (methane, CH4; nitrous oxide, N2O; hydrogen, H2; and carbon monoxide, CO) and several anthropogenic gases that contribute to stratospheric ozone destruction and/or to the greenhouse effect have been carried out at five globally distributed sites for several years. The program, which began in 1978, is divided into three parts associated with three changes in instrumentation: the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE), which used Hewlett Packard HP5840 gas chromatographs; the Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (GAGE), which used HP5880 gas chromatographs; and the present Advanced GAGE (AGAGE). AGAGE uses two types of instruments: a gas chromatograph with multiple detectors (GC-MD), and a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). Beginning in January 2004, an improved cryogenic preconcentration system (Medusa) replaced the absorption-desorption module in the GC-MS systems at Mace Head and Cape Grim; this provided improved capability to measure a broader range of volatile perfluorocarbons with high global warming potentials. The Medusa GC-MS systems were subsequently used at other AGAGE stations (Trinidad Head, Barbados, American Samoa, Zeppelin, Jungfraujoch, and Goan) after the initial setup at Mace Head and Cape Grim. More information may be found on the AGAGE home page: https://agage.mit.edu/instruments.Data from the AGAGE and affiliated stations (total of 10 sites) between August 1993 and June 2023 are provided in “Agage_gcmd_gcms_data_2024_07_11.tar.gz” (compressed tar file). The metadata file has information on each station and currently released species. The standard scales used in archived species are listed in "AGAGE_scale_2024_v1.pdf". Additional information can be found on the AGAGE website (https://agage.mit.edu).Update: Dec. 4, 20241. The Cape Grim H2_PDD data are updated in this release ((H2_PDD values in previous release are wrong due to coding error). All other data in this release are the same as previous version ("Agage_gcmd_gcms.data.2024_07_11.tar.gz")2. The latest data are saved in "Agage_gcmd_gcms.data.2024_12_04.tar.gz"

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigating Cryogenic Pump Lifetime and Exploring Alternative Designs

Cryogenic pumps are necessary for the operation of several neutrino experiments at Fermilab where some of the primary components of the detectors are liquid argon and liquid nitrogen. The pumps currently in use are centrifugal pumps with a small vortex impeller, manufactured by Barber Nichols. This pump has an average lifetime of 8000 hours. Such a short lifetime means that each pump requires maintenance multiple times a year, which is not optimal. The goal of this project was to determine what aspects of the current pump design could be modified to improve the lifetime of the pump such that it would only require maintenance once a year. In this poster I present on the different areas of design improvement that were identified.

Baakkonen, Katie↗
NASA NTRS1975

A large cooled infrared telescope facility for Spacelab

An optimized cooled IR telescope of 1 m aperture diameter will offer sensitivities over the 1 micron to 1 mm spectrum at least 1000 times greater than can be achieved from the ground in the atmospheric windows, and comparable sensitivities at wavelengths that are outside the windows. A study has shown that a cryogenically-cooled telescope of up to 1.6 m aperture diameter for Spacelab is feasible without new technology, although some development of detectors and scientific instruments to take advantage of the extreme sensitivity is indicated.-

Mccarthy, S. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Laser angle sensor development

Electrical and optical parameters were developed for a two axis (pitch/roll) laser angle sensor. The laser source and detector were mounted in the plenum above the model. Two axis optical distortion measurements of flow characteristics in a 0.3 transonic cryogenic tunnel were made with a shearing interferometer. The measurement results provide a basis for estimating the optical parameters of the laser angle sensor. Experimental and analytical information was generated on model windows to cover the reflector. A two axis breadboard was assembled to evaluate different measurement concepts. The measurement results were used to develop a preliminary design of a laser angle sensor. Schematics and expected performance specifications are included.

Pond, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A faint object spectrometer for the infrared

A cryogenic astronomical spectrometer for the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility is described. This spectrometer will employ an array of at least 20 detectors and provide a resolving power of 100 to 1500 at 1-5 microns. The resolving power will be adjustable by changing gratings.

Tokunaga, A. T.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Low thermal conductance rigidizer for reducing torsional oscillations in cryogenic Dewars

A rigidizer, which provides greater rigidity against torsional oscillations, is highly resistant to radial motions, and has low thermal conductivity, has been developed to decrease vibrational levels affecting infrared detectors operated in cryostats (e.g., HD-3L Dewar) in aircraft such as NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory. The rigidizer is composed of two triangular elements and an intermediate support structure which joins them at the centers of their sides. The reentrant design provides a long heat path, while the triangular truss structure provides high rigidity in the horizontal plane. The structure is relatively compliant in the vertical direction, a desirable feature since the internal structure of the Dewar contracts as it cools. Rigidity in the vertical direction is provided by the neck tube. The support structure is quite compact. Several variants of the rigidizer have been fabricated, using flat sheets of G-10 fiberglass epoxy in thicknesses between 0.75-1.5 mm for the upper and lower truss assemblies, and either G-10 or stainless steel for the intermediate structure.

Harper, D. A.↗
DOE OSTI2026

X-ARAPUCA Photon Detectors in SBND

The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) for detecting neutrinos from Fermilab's Booster Neutrino Beam. Located 110 m downstream of the beam target, SBND collects both ionization electrons and scintillation photons from particle interactions within the detector volume. The photon detection system (PDS) consists of both PMTs and X-ARAPUCAs, a novel technology featuring large area cost-effective coverage with single photo-electron resolution at cryogenic temperatures. SBND utilizes two types of X-ARAPUCAs: one sensitive to vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) scintillation light produced and one sensitive to visible light for the light reflected off TPB-coated reflective foils. SBND is the only experiment currently testing the X-ARAPUCA technology in a neutrino beam over a period of several years, and will provide critical information for deployment in future detectors like DUNE. This poster will cover the calibration and early performance of X-ARAPUCAs in SBND.

Dalager, Olivia [Fermilab]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of Lateral Amorphous Selenium Photodetectors for Low-Photon and VUV Detection at Cryogenic Temperatures

The performance of amorphous selenium (a-Se) as a cryogenic photodetector material is evaluated through a series of experiments using laterally structured devices operated in a custom optical test stand. These studies investigate the response of a-Se detectors to low-photon fluxes at high electric fields near avalanche conditions, the linearity of the photoconductive response over a wide dynamic range and the direct detection of narrowband 130 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) illumination. At 87 K, matched-filter analysis shows reliable single-shot detection with efficiencies greater than or equal to 80 percent and area under the curve (AUC) greater than or equal to 0.85 using as few as approximately 6800 incident 401 nm photons, corresponding to approximately 3400 photons within field-active regions after accounting for geometric constraints. Measurements are performed at cryogenic temperatures using calibrated photon fluxes derived from a silicon photomultiplier reference and a characterized optical filter stack. Additional experiments using a tellurium-doped a-Se (a-SeTe) device explore the material's behavior under identical test conditions and demonstrate that avalanche is achievable in a-SeTe at cryogenic temperatures. The results demonstrate reproducible low-noise operation, VUV sensitivity and field-dependent gain behavior in a lateral a-Se architecture, representing the first reported observation of avalanche multiplication in laterally structured a-Se and a-SeTe devices at cryogenic temperatures. These findings support the potential integration of laterally structured a-Se devices into next-generation pixelated liquid-argon time projection chambers (TPCs) requiring scalable, high-field-compatible photon detection systems.

FOS: Physical sciences↗
DOE OSTI2026

Measurement of the Ground State Spin and Parity of 22 Al Disfavors Halo Formation

We report the decisive resolution of the ground state spin and parity of the proton–drip line nucleus 22 Al, a prime candidate for a proton halo. The resolution stems from the first 𝛽-delayed charged particle emission experiment in the gas stopping area at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), leveraging high-intensity, low-energy beams extracted from the Advanced Cryogenic Gas Stopper (ACGS). The pristine beam quality from FRIB and the ACGS enabled a sensitive particle identification technique using thin silicon detectors, allowing for the suppression of the dominant proton background and the first observation of the weak 𝛽-delayed 𝛼 transition from the isobaric analog state in 22 Mg to the 18 Ne ground state. This observation uniquely fixes the 22 Al ground state as 4 + . The valence proton is confined by a dominant 𝑑-wave centrifugal barrier which, combined with the Coulomb repulsion, hinders the tunneling required for halo formation despite the exceptionally low proton separation energy of 22 Al.

20 ≤ A ≤ 38↗
NASA NTRS1991

High resolution, low energy avalanche photodiode X-ray detectors

Silicon avalanche photodiodes have been fabricated, and their performance as X-ray detectors has been measured. Photon sensitivity and energy resolution were measured as a function of size and operating parameters. Noise thresholds as low as 212 eV were obtained at room temperature, and backscatter X-ray fluorescence data were obtained for aluminum and other light elements. It is concluded that the results with the X-ray detector are extremely encouraging, and the performance is challenging the best available proportional counters. While not at the performance level of either cryogenic silicon or HgI2, these device operate at room temperature and can be reproduced in large numbers and with much larger areas than typically achieved with HgI2. In addition, they are rugged and appear to be indefinitely stable.

Farrell, R.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Measurements of atmospheric carbonyl sulfide during the NASA Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation Project: Implications for the global COS budget

Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide COS concentrations were measured by three analytical systems during the Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (CITE 3) project. The three systems all used cryogenic sample preconcentration and gas chromatographic (GC) separation but differed in the method of detection. The FPD system used a flame photometric detector, the MS system used a mass selective detector, and the ECD-S system used a fluorinating catalyst followed by an electron capture detector. With the FPD system, we found a mean COS concentration of 510 ppt over the North Atlantic and 442 ppt over the Tropical Atlantic. With the ECD-S system, we found a mean COS concentration of 489 ppt over the North Atlantic and 419 ppt over the Tropical Atlantic. All three systems registered a latitudinal gradient in atmospheric COS of between 1.6 and 2.0 ppt per degree of latitude, with increasing COS concentrations northward which was similar to the gradient measured by Bingemer et al. (1990). It is difficult to reconcile the measured latitudinal concentration gradient with present theories of the global COS budget since the largest sink of COS is thought to be a flux to land plants, most of which are in the northern hemisphere.

Johnson, James E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Infrared spectroscopy of the lower stratosphere with a balloon-borne cryogenic Fourier spectrometer

The IR limb emission of the lower stratosphere has been measured using a balloon-borne liquid nitrogen-cooled Michelson interferometer with liquid helium-cooled Si:Ga detectors. Portions of the thermal emission spectrum have been recorded between 650 and 2000/cm with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.03/cm. This is the highest spectral resolution limb emission thus far obtained. A preliminary description is given of these data along with a discussion of the significant features. Species identified to date include CO2, O3, CFCl3, CF2Cl2, H2O, CH4, HNO3, N2O, NO2, and ClONO2. A tentative identification is made for NO, representing the first direct spectroscopic detection of NO in emission.

Kunde, Virgil G.↗
DOE OSTI2025

KIPM Detector Characterization in QUIET

Kinetic Inductance Phonon‑Mediated (KIPM) detectors are superconducting microwave resonators on silicon that sense bursts of energy through tiny shifts in their resonance. In this work, we installed new devices in the QUIET facility's cryogenic test setup and used a network analyzer to drive them across a range of power levels. At each setting, we measured the transmitted signal and fit it to a simple notch‑filter model, allowing us to extract key performance metrics. And despite the increased noise at low power, our model consistently captured the resonance behavior. We observed that the resonant frequency stayed stable across most powers, the device s internal quality factor improved with stronger signals, and its coupling strength peaked mid‑range before leveling off. Overall, these findings confirm the detector s performance, laying groundwork for future work on energy calibration with pulsed optical sources.

Savitala, Akash [Washington U., Seattle; Fermilab]↗