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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

REopt/Microgrid Analysis (CRADA Final Report)

NREL is the only DOE national laboratory solely dedicated to advancing energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy (RE) technologies and applications. Since its inception, NREL has supported both the public and the private sectors in implementing EE and RE systems and strategies to lower energy use and to meet remaining energy needs with resources having minimal environmental impact. NREL is now a sought-after resource for EE, RE, and energy systems integration expertise. CU Boulder is a public university located in Boulder, Colorado, with over 30,000 students. CU is committed to environmental sustainability and is interested in partnering with NREL to explore opportunities for RE on campus and evaluate an RE microgrid. The goal of this project is to assess the technical and economic potential for RE generation at CU and evaluate how RE may be incorporated as part of a microgrid to increase energy resiliency on campus.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Optimizing district energy systems by integrating Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming g-function framework with a Multi-Timescale Rolling Horizon method

Shallow geothermal has gained increasing attention in recent years; however, a reliable framework for its accurate incorporation into large-scale energy system optimization remains lacking. This study proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework combined with the g-function approach to integrate Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) technology into energy system optimization. Validation against a Modelica-based reservoir network simulation demonstrates that the proposed framework effectively captures the ground thermal response under varying energy loads and accurately estimates the borefield energy supply. To enhance scalability, a Rolling Horizon with Multi-Timescale (RH-MTS) method is further introduced, reducing computational time by 73 % for the 1-year optimization model with only minor loss of optimality. The framework is demonstrated through the case study of the UC Berkeley campus. Results indicate that BTES is a cost-effective and low-carbon solution: two borefields comprising 382 boreholes can meet 8.0 % and 6.6 % of the total campus heating and cooling demand, respectively, at an average energy rate of 0.70–0.77 USD/kWh and carbon intensity of 0.54 kg-CO2/kWh. Short-term analysis reveals a 35%–65% decline in BTES energy flow after 3–6 months of continuous heating/cooling operation, while long-term simulation shows that annual energy production of BTES can vary by up to 12.0 % after four years before stabilizing. Overall, this study develops a novel optimization framework that couples physics-based g-function method with MILP optimization framework, thereby advancing methodological development for shallow-geothermal integration and providing actionable guidance for BTES deployment in district-energy systems.

Yang, Jiahui↗
DOE OSTI2024

Advancing Sustainability in Data Centers: Evaluation of Hybrid Air/Liquid Cooling Schemes for IT Payload Using Sea Water

Abstract-The growth in cloud computing, Big Data, AI and high-performance computing (HPC) necessitate the deployment of additional data centers (DC's) with high energy demands. The unprecedented increase in the Thermal Design Power (TDP) of the computing chips will require innovative cooling techniques. Furthermore, DC's are increasingly limited in their ability to add powerful GPU servers by power capacity constraints. As cooling energy use accounts for up to 40% of DC energy consumption, creative cooling solutions are urgently needed to allow deployment of additional servers, enhance sustainability and increase energy efficiency of DC's. The information in this study is provided from Start Campus' Sines facility supported by Alfa Laval for the heat exchanger and CO 2 emission calculations. The study evaluates the performance and sustainability impact of various data center cooling strategies including an air-only deployment and a subsequent hybrid air/water cooling solution all utilizing sea water as the cooling source. Here we evaluate scenarios from 3 MW to 15+1 MW of IT load in 3 MW increments which correspond to the size of heat exchangers used in the Start Campus' modular system design. This study also evaluates the CO 2 emissions compared to a conventional chiller system for all the presented scenarios. Results indicate that the effective use of the sea water cooled system combined with liquid cooled systems improve the efficiency of the DC, plays a role in decreasing the CO 2 emissions and supports in achieving sustainability goals.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data Center Waste Heat as an Emerging Urban Thermal Hazard: First Field Measurements of Neighborhood-Scale Air Temperature Impacts

Data centers are among the fastest-growing sources of concentrated anthropogenic heat in urban environments. Despite heat flux densities that exceed peak solar irradiance by a factor of 2–6, their thermal impacts on adjacent communities have never been directly measured or reported in the peer-reviewed literature. This short communication addresses that gap by presenting the first vehicle-based traverse measurements of air temperature in residential neighborhoods downwind of operational data centers. Five traverses at four facilities in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area, ranging from a 36 MW single-building data center in Mesa to a 169 MW colocation campus in Chandler, reveal downwind air temperature warming as high as 2.2 °C, with average downwind air temperatures 0.7–0.9 °C warmer than corresponding upwind areas. Thermal signatures were detectable at distances up to 500 m from facility perimeters. The 36 MW Mesa facility rejects waste heat equivalent to the electricity consumption of approximately 40,000 households, while the 169 MW Chandler campus is equivalent to over 180,000 households, both concentrated into footprints smaller than a single residential subdivision. With U.S. data center capacity projected to more than double by 2030, these findings establish data center anthropogenic waste heat as a previously undocumented urban thermal hazard demanding attention from the data center and urban planning communities.

Phoenix↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raw_data_Batch_I: State Street

Date of collection: May 18, 2023 Location: State Street, Chicago, IL This data set contains lidar and vision data collected along State Street. The vehicle started from outside of the McCormick Tribune Campus Center at the Illinois Institute of Technology’s Mies Campus and headed north along State Street, until the north end of State Street in the Gold Coast. The data contains the following Robot Operating System (ROS) topics: - /Central_Camera_blurred – Image flow from coaxial camera heading, vehicle front. - /Left_Camera_blurred – Image flow from left camera, 60° from central camera on the left side. - /Right_Camera_blurred – Image flow from right camera, 60° from central camera on the right side. - /camera0/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of left camera. - /camera0/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of left camera from lidar. - /camera2/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of central camera. - /camera2/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of central camera from lidar. - /camera5/camera_info – Intrinsic and distortion information of right camera. - /camera5/projection_matrix – Extrinsic matrix of right camera from lidar. - /novatel/oem7/bestpos – Latitude, longitude, and elevation information from NovAtel GNSS-INS system. - /points_raw – VLP-32 lidar point cloud. - /tf – Vehicle base frame. The data are organized into a data description file and one or more ROS .bag files, dependent on original file size. The data description file provides information about the data collection date, location, and detailed mapping, while the .bag file(s) contain the actual data. Please note that for the purpose of securing personally identifiable information, all license plates and faces included in this publication have been intentionally blurred during real-time processing. ![state street image](state-street.png)

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization of the Triassic Newark Basin of New York and New Jersey for Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide

The project Characterization of the Triassic Newark Basin of New York and New Jersey for Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide is one of 9 site characterization projects that were implemented as part of ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). Data from this project was used to improve resolution of data in NATCARB in the area of study. Data related to this study has already been incorporated in NATCARB Atlas. Sandia Technologies, LLC, and co-investigator Conrad Geoscience Corporation, examined the potential for large-scale, permanent CO2 storage in sedimentary strata within the Newark Rift Basin. The Newark Rift Basin underlies an industrialized, developed region comprising parts of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. The project characterized and investigated the suitability of Triassic age sedimentary formations for potential geologic CO2 storage. The project team drilled and cored two test wells to define the sedimentary geologic formations underlying the basin and to document or reach basement rock. With this geologic characterization phase, an integration of seismic, geologic, borehole, and formation core results provided a higher resolution assessment of CO2 storage potential. The Stockton Formation is known to be a potentially favorable geologic storage formation in the basin. In 2011, the 1-NYSTA Tandem Lot stratigraphic test well was drilled to a depth of 6,855 feet in the northern portion of the Newark Basin in southern New York State. Approximately 9 miles south-southeast on the Lamont Doherty Campus, TW-4 was drilled and cored in 2013 to a depth of 1,802 feet and contacted apparent igneous basement at a depth of 1,712 feet. Both wells penetrated the Palisades Sill ranging from 800 feet thick in the eastern well to approximately 1,800 feet in thickness at the 1-NYSTA Tandem Lot deep drill site. A diabase sill can provide an excellent seal and dense confining layer for potential CO2 storage reservoirs and flow layers that are situated beneath it within the Stockton Sandstone. The Stockton Sandstone was encountered beneath the sill in the TW-4 well on the Lamont campus, and data integration suggests that it was likely observed near total depth in the deep 1-NYSTA Tandem Lot well. The test wells confirm and define reservoirs are present beneath the sill and offer CO2 storage potential. The integration of geologic and reservoir characterization of well logs, formation cores, and formation fluids indicated Triassic age lacustrine playa lake and mudbank shales of the Upper Passaic Group can provide an effective seal for the porous and permeable underlying sandstone reservoir layers. This project acquired seismic data, drilled borehole well logs, acquired core samples, and integrated these findings to provide a better understanding of the subsurface geologic formations in the Newark Rift Basin. These findings have contributed to a higher degree of accuracy in predicting potential geologic storage opportunities, while refining geologic storage capacity estimates for the indicated reservoirs and flow units.

.las↗
DOE OSTI2025

Packages of Distributed Energy Technologies Demonstrating Demand Flexibility at Community Scale

The combination of increased electric load growth across all sectors, deferred electrical infrastructure investment, and other factors resulting in variable electric power supply, has created technical challenges to maintaining a resilient and reliable grid. Many federal, regional, and local efforts are in play to modernize the electric grid, including advancing building technologies and distributed energy resources (DERs) that are utilizing smarter controls to become responsive to both occupant and grid needs. This report reviews ten pilot projects demonstrating how groups of buildings combined with behind-the-meter (BTM) DERs such as electric vehicle (EV) charging, battery storage, flexible HVAC and domestic hot water systems, and photovoltaic systems can reliably and cost effectively provide grid services. Each of the ten pilot projects aim to deliver both energy efficiency and demand flexibility (DF) while supporting load growth. The ten demonstration teams are piloting flexible DER packages across diverse communities of residential and commercial buildings to address a variety of regional grid needs. The outcomes of these pilot projects will be used to inform future scaling through utility program development. This paper characterizes the ten teams, showcasing the decision-making process used by each group to develop their packages (Section 2), the grid services they plan to deliver (Section 3), the types of DER packages selected for deployment within building sectors (Section 4) and trends between building sector, DER types, and grid services In order to achieve community scale benefits, the pilot projects must utilize aggregated control mechanisms for coordinating buildings and DERs together. Several types of coordinated control architectures have evolved amongst the teams, influenced by use type, existing market conditions, and integration type. Three coordinated controls architectures have been characterized, highlighting their use cases, benefits, challenges, and tradeoffs in their design. These insights can aid utilities, control vendors, and developers in scaling community-level energy systems (Paul, 2024). Ultimately, the technology packages selected by the ten teams will be coordinated to provide power system services, also known as grid services. Insights from these demonstrations will be useful for grid operators, regulators, aggregators and other stakeholders as they look to deploy demand flexible resources as grid services in the future. The grid services that each team is targeting for demonstration are described in Section 3 and Section 4. Methods for evaluating the grid services have been described in the paper Metrics for Evaluating Grid Service Provision from Communities of Grid-interactive and Efficient Buildings and other DER (MacDonald, 2023). To identify technology packages for demonstration, Section 2 shows that project teams used a range of analysis approaches, including building energy modeling, AMI data analysis, cost-benefit frameworks, and utility pilot data. Some teams emphasized technical modeling to quantify grid impacts and demand reduction potential, while others prioritized economic evaluations, stakeholder input, or exploratory pilots to inform deployment decisions. This diversity reflects the need to tailor selection methods to project goals, available data, and organizational context. Section 5 discusses trends between the DER technologies deployed and the grid service provisions from each team. Residential buildings (multifamily and single family) lean towards technologies that enhance energy efficiency (e.g. weatherization upgrades, smart thermostats) and onsite power generation integration (e.g. solar PV). Commercial building demonstrations prioritize technologies that ensure operational reliability (e.g. battery storage) and centralized energy management systems and optimization solutions. Teams that are deploying controllable storage-based technologies are more likely to provide grid services that require a near real-time response. Teams incorporating load shifting technologies like smart thermostats with HEMs are likely to include energy markets participation and customer bill management offerings. Campus demonstrations are adopting diverse sets of DERs to emphasize renewable generation, paired with centralized control. This section also describes technologies that were considered during project planning but ultimately excluded from final deployment. These demonstrations reveal that effective DER package design should be tailored to building type, customer segment, and construction vintage. Multifamily buildings benefit from centralized HVAC upgrades and supervisory controls, while single-family homes are well-suited for individualized technologies like solar, storage, and smart home energy monitors. Commercial and campus settings prioritize EMIS integration and load optimization. New construction enables cost-effective integration of DER-ready infrastructure, whereas retrofits require deployments aligned with owner and tenant value streams. For utility program planners, early coordination with developers and building owners, paired with segmented and modular program offerings, can improve adoption, scalability, and grid impact.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2024

Determining Unabated Airborne Radionuclide Emissions Monitoring Requirements Using Inventory-Based Methods

Compliance with the airborne radionuclide emission monitoring requirements in the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP; Title 40 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Part 61, Subpart H) and State requirements in Washington Administrative Code 246–247: Radiation Protection – Air Emissions and 173-480: Ambient Air Quality Standards and Emission Limits for Radionuclides were evaluated for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operations. Additional guidance may be found in the U.S. Department of Energy Handbook, Environmental Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Environmental Surveillance. To meet regulatory requirements, reviews of planned or proposed projects and activities provide the basis for implementing necessary monitoring adjustments or for implementing changes to projects and activities in a timely manner. Potential unabated off-site doses were evaluated for emission locations managed by PNNL and licensed to the Department of Energy. These locations were at facilities in Richland, Washington (i.e., the Hanford Site and PNNL–Richland campus) and in Sequim, Washington, (PNNL–Sequim campus). This report describes the inventory-based methods and provides the results for the NESHAP assessment performed in January 2024 for calendar year ending 2023.

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2024

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Facility Radionuclide Emission Points and Sampling Systems

Battelle–Pacific Northwest Division operates numerous research and development laboratories in Washington State. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contracts to Battelle at Richland facilities on both the DOE Hanford Site and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-Richland campus. These facilities have the potential for radionuclide air emissions. The PNNL contract with DOE also includes operations at the PNNL-Sequim campus in Sequim, where there is also the potential for radionuclide air emissions. This document is a periodic update that describes current PNNL facility emission units and sampling systems.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

EMP, Attachment 1: Sampling and Analysis Plan (Rev.1)

This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) is written for the Environmental Radiation Task activities related to radioactive air emissions (stack) monitoring and environmental radiological ambient air surveillance of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operations at the PNNL-Richland campus and PNNL-Sequim campus. PNNL is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory in Richland, Washington. This plan is an attachment to PNNL’s Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan (EMP) (PNNL-20919) and addresses a discrete, vital subject area that is subject to revision independent of the main text of the EMP document. This SAP provides the requirements for planning sampling events and the requirements imposed on the services provided by the analytical laboratory to the PNNL Environmental Radiation Task.

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2024

New York-Presbyterian and Columbia University Irving Medical Center Requirements (Analysis Report)

EPOC uses the Deep Dive process to discuss and analyze current and planned science, research, or education activities and the anticipated data output of a particular use case, site, or project to help inform the strategic planning of a campus or regional networking environment. This includes understanding future needs related to network operations, network capacity upgrades, and other technological service investments. A Deep Dive comprehensively surveys major research stakeholders’ plans and processes in order to investigate data management requirements over the next 5–10 years. Between February and June 2024, staff members from the Engagement and Performance Operations Center (EPOC) met with researchers and staff from New York-Presbyterian (NYP), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), and NYSERNet for the purpose of a Deep Dive into scientific and research drivers. The goal of this activity was to help characterize the requirements for a number of campus use cases, and to enable cyberinfrastructure support staff to better understand the needs of the researchers within the community. Material for this event included the written documentation from each of the profiled research areas, documentation about the current state of technology support, and a write-up of the discussion that took place via e-mail and video conferencing. The case studies highlighted the ongoing challenges and opportunities that NYP and CUIMC have in supporting a cross-section of established and emerging research use cases. Each case study mentioned unique challenges which were summarized into common needs.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

EMP - Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan: PNNL Operations in Washington

The Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan (EMP) for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) describes systems/processes/practices related to radiological operations in Richland and Sequim, Washington, that are associated with environmental radiological air monitoring and surveillance activities. The activities described support the lab’s responsibility to maintain safe operations and minimize negative impacts to both onsite and offsite persons and environment. Dose assessments required by regulations and DOE Orders for the public and biota are described. PNNL conducts environmental air surveillance monitoring as part of the PNNL Site Radioactive Air Emissions License (RAEL)-005 for Richland Campus, issued in 2010 with its most recent renewal effective in January 2021. The radioactive air emissions license for the PNNL-Sequim campus (RAEL-014) was issued to the U.S. Department of Energy in 2012 with its most recent renewal effective in January 2023. The EMP is a compilation of the following four documents: - Environmental Radiological Air Monitoring Plan (this main document) (PNNL-20919) - Sampling and Analysis Plan (Attachment 1) (PNNL-20919-1) - Data Management Plan (Attachment 2) (PNNL-20919-2) - Dose Assessment Guidance (Attachment 3) (PNNL-20919-3).

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2025

PNNL Dose-per-Unit-Release Factors for Calculating Radionuclide Emissions Potential-to-Emit Doses

Revised PNNL-Richland campus dose-per-unit release factors based on the Environmental Protection Agency code CAP88-PC Version 4.1.1 code are provided. In addition to maximum receptor dose factors, maximum air concentration dose factors are provided. The PNNL-Sequim campus dose-per-unit release factors are included, as well, based on the Environmental Protection Agency code COMPLY Version 1.7.1.

40 CFR 61 Subpart H↗
DOE OSTI2025

Wetlands Delineation Report and Classification: PNNL – Sequim (formerly MSL) Wetland Delineation for the Water and Sewer Line

A wetlands delineation report summarizes the wetland delineation on the southern portion of PNNL-Sequim campus to support campus development, maintenance, and potential research activities. The delineation was conducted in accordance with state and federal wetland regulations and summarizes the potential jurisdiction. This will used to support biological reports, NEPA documents, and permit applications.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

The Transactive Energy Network Template Metamodel

While transactive energy, which is defined as an allocation of electricity based on dynamically discovered values or prices, has been extensively studied, its uptake and use has been slow. This report describes a tool, the transactive network template, which should hasten the creation and uptake of transactive energy networks. Some basic principles of transactive energy are familiar from existing wholesale electricity markets. Locational prices are calculated today for zones within bulk electric transmission systems. Locational prices differ while accounting for the locational costs of electricity generation and the losses and constraints incurred when electricity is transmitted from generators and distributed to consumers. A transactive energy network might include these transmission zones. However, current research strives to apply transactive energy also in electricity distribution circuits, buildings, and even for individual generating and consuming devices. At the same time, researchers explore how to apply transactive energy in real time during increasingly shorter time intervals. Automated computational agents become necessary as transactive energy becomes applied to smaller circuit zones and at faster dynamic timescales. A transactive energy network is an example of a multi-agent system. Each zone in the network is represented by its transactive agent, which makes decisions for and acts on behalf of a business entity that is responsible for and manages one of the circuit regions. A transactive energy network is also an example of a decentralized, distributed control system. Control decisions and responsibilities are distributed among the network’s transactive agents. The transactive agents are independent; that is, there typically is no centralized authority or oversight function. Instead, transactive agents exchange transactive signals and thereby negotiate the prices and quantities of electricity that they will exchange. Initially, the circuit regions and responsibilities of transactive agents appear to be very dissimilar. Each circuit region may comprise transmission, distribution, or building-level circuits. Each has a unique position and electrical connectivity within the transactive energy network. Each possesses unique assets that either generate or consume electricity, and these (e.g., renewable energy generator, diesel generator, aggregate utility load, building load, space conditioning, refrigerator, etc.) may further differ in their price flexibility and in their strategies for responding to dynamic electricity prices. Given such diversity, an implementer’s first inclination might be to start from scratch to define all these devices and to engineer their seemingly unique interactions. Given that each implementer’s perspective may be narrow within a transactive energy network, it is unlikely that uniquely engineered systems would interact well. This is where the transactive network template is applicable. The transactive network template is a metamodel that has been developed to guide implementers as they configure their own transactive agent within a network of such agents. The object-oriented design of the transactive network template provides basic code object types that may be used and extended by implementers to represent each of the assets in their circuit region. These objects further facilitate the transactive agent’s necessary computations, which are divided among responsibilities to schedule power usage, balance electric supply and demand, and coordinate the exchange of electricity with the other transactive agents. This report addresses the conceptual transactive network template design. Implementers are directed to more formal design documents and reference implementations. A Python™-based1 reference implementation of the transactive network template has been coded, and three implementations have been configured to represent a national laboratory and two university campuses. Version 2 of the transactive node template generalizes the market class and its methods to facilitate multiple, and more diverse market coordination mechanisms than were facilitated by and demonstrated using Version 1. Version 3 includes new Appendix B, which addresses the designs of methods that would make dynamic prices track approved electricity rates. In the future, the author wishes to make the transactive network template more generally applicable to networks that require more accurate power flow. Development of the transactive network template is jointly funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the DOE Office of Electricity. In late 2015, one of the first projects to be funded by the DOE Grid Laboratory Modernization Laboratory Consortium was the Clean Energy and Transactive Campus project, led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. DOE funds were matched by an investment by the Washington Department of Commerce through its Clean Energy Fund. The transactive network template was developed to guide the implementation of transactive energy networks within this project’s scope.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Techno-Economic Analysis of Geologically Connected Seawater Air Conditioning (GeoSWAC) Concept for District Cooling at the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras

At the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras, a central chilled water plant supplies cooling to several campus buildings, contributing significantly to electricity demand during daytime peak hours, particularly in the summer months. These operational challenges are exacerbated by Puerto Rico's tropical rainforest climate and a power grid vulnerable to frequent disruptions caused by hurricanes and tropical storms. This study presents a techno-economic analysis of the existing chilled water plant serving four representative campus buildings and introduces a conceptual alternative: the Geologically connected Seawater Air Conditioning (GeoSWAC) system. GeoSWAC leverages stable low temperatures of deep ocean water (~1 km depth), hydraulically connected to an inland well, to deliver cooling without the use of vapor-compression refrigeration. Using modeled annual cooling loads and chiller performance data, capital costs, energy consumption, and levelized cost of cooling (LCOC) were evaluated for both systems. While GeoSWAC showed higher capital costs than the chiller-based scenario, operational costs were significantly lower at $26k-$53k annually, resulting in a lower LCOC between $2.3/MWh and $8.2/MWh compared to $30.2/MWh-$33.6/MWh for the chiller scenario. These results suggest that the GeoSWAC system offers a promising, low-energy, and climate-resilient alternative for large-scale cooling in tropical coastal environments, with significant potential to reduce peak electricity demand and improve long-term system reliability.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Solar Panel Installation at Goucher College

As part of our multi-phased sustainability initiative, Goucher College is implementing a series of necessary changes to become a model “green” campus. This comprehensive approach includes implementing systems designed to reduce energy consumption, water usage, and waste production by 2030. The first phase of this holistic endeavor is to develop two independent solar projects. One will be on the Facility Management Services building (FMS) and the other will be on the Central Utility Plan (CUP). The anticipated duration of this project is expected to be 24 months. When completed, the new photovoltaic panels (PVPs) and resulting solar array system will help offset campus energy consumption. The projects will also help the College achieve its goal of working towards operating primarily on renewable energy. During initial review of the project, it was revealed replacing the roofs prior to installing new PVPs would not only provide a sound structural foundation for the projects, but the new roofing systems will also aid de-carbonization. The project’s scope is divided between two buildings. Building A: FMS is the first building and Building B: CUP is the second building.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Annual Site Environmental Report for Calendar Year 2024

The report provides a synopsis of ongoing environmental management performance and compliance activities for operations that occur at the PNNL-Richland campus in Richland, Washington, and at the PNNL-Sequim campus near Sequim, Washington. It describes the location of and background for each facility; addresses compliance with applicable DOE, federal, state, and local regulations, and site-specific permits; documents environmental monitoring efforts and their status; presents potential radiation doses to staff and the public in the surrounding areas; and describes DOE-required data quality assurance methods used for data verification.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗