Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “utility impact evaluation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 523 records · Page 29
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

FEED Study of CarbonCapture Inc DAC and CarbonCure Utilization Technologies Using United States Steel’s Gary Works Plant Waste Heat (Final Report)

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) led this project to produce a front-end engineering design (FEED) study of an advanced Direct Air Capture and Utilization System (DACUS) system that can remove a minimum of 5,000 tonnes/yr net of carbon dioxide from air (based on cradle-to-gate LCA) and utilizing the CO 2 to produce low carbon intensity ready mix concrete. The designed system, if built, would be larger than any currently existing Direct Air Capture (DAC) collector in the U.S. Such carbon capture technologies are critical to meeting the goals of the DOE’s program to accelerate climate-critical technology. In addition to the power sector, industrial facilities for the manufacture of steel and cement/concrete are among the major sources of anthropogenic CO 2 . DAC is a promising new technology for reducing CO 2 , a potent greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere but is expensive, in part due to the energy required to adsorb and desorb captured CO 2 during cycles. By integrating CarbonCapture Inc. (CCI) DAC modules at United States Steel's Gary Works (USS) and utilizing the site's waste heat, energy, and location this project evaluates the feasibility of utilizing the captured CO 2 and the logistics of transportation. CarbonCapture Inc. has developed an innovative DAC system using novel adsorbents to cost-effectively capture CO 2 . The captured, liquified gas will be trucked to ready-mix concrete plants within the region, the closest of which is approximately 3.5 miles away, where CarbonCure will inject it into concrete during the mixing process at the facilities. The carbon dioxide reacts with concrete, mineralizing into calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), permanently locking the greenhouse gas into the matrix of the building material. This FEED study demonstrated a full CO 2 value chain for DACUS from industrial facilities. It also provided a means for Visage Energy Corp. (Visage) to assess the impact of this holistic approach on job creation, regional economic impact, and environmental justice. The project team also included Sargent & Lundy (S&L) to provide the constructability review and costing of the integration of the DAC with the steel plant. Ecotek Engineering USA, LLC designed the outside battery limit (OSBL) infrastructure to connect the DAC and the plant. Activities performed during the project included: (1) Project Management Plan; (2) Technology Maturation Plan (TMP); (3) Initial Workforce Readiness Plan; (4) Workforce Readiness Plan; (5) Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) Study; (6) Project Design Basis; (7) Hazards and Operability (HAZOP) Study; (8) Constructability Review; (9) Project Cost Assessment; (10) Logistics Analysis of CO 2 Transportation to the Utilization Site; (11) Business Case Analysis; (12) Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); (13) Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Analysis; (14) Environmental Justice Analysis; and (15) Economic Revitalization and Job Creation Outcomes Analysis. This report provides a summary of the outcomes and results of the project, which was performed between Oct. 1, 2022, through Sept. 30, 2024.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigation of microorganisms in cannabis after heating in a commercial vaporizer

There are concerns about microorganisms present on cannabis materials used in clinical settings by individuals whose health status is already compromised and are likely more susceptible to opportunistic infections from microbial populations present on the materials. Most concerning is administration by inhalation where cannabis plant material is heated in a vaporizer, aerosolized, and inhaled to receive the bioactive ingredients. Heating to high temperatures is known to kill microorganisms including bacteria and fungi; however, microbial death is dependent upon exposure time and temperature. It is unknown whether the heating of cannabis at temperatures and times designated by a commercial vaporizer utilized in clinical settings will significantly decrease the microbial loads in cannabis plant material. To assess this question, bulk cannabis plant material supplied by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) was used to assess the impact of heating by a commercial vaporizer. Initial method development studies using a cannabis placebo spiked with Escherichia coli were performed to optimize culture and recovery parameters. Subsequent studies were carried out using the cannabis placebo, low delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potency and high THC potency cannabis materials exposed to either no heat or heating for 30 or 70 seconds at 190°C. Phosphate-buffered saline was added to the samples and the samples agitated to suspend the microorganism. Microbial growth after no heat or heating was evaluated by plating on growth media and determining the total aerobic microbial counts and total yeast and mold counts. Overall, while there were trends of reductions in microbial counts with heating, these reductions were not statistically significant, indicating that heating using standard vaporization parameters of 70 seconds at 190°C may not eliminate the existing microbial bioburden, including any opportunistic pathogens. When cultured organisms were identified by DNA sequence analyses, several fungal and bacterial taxa were detected in the different products that have been associated with opportunistic infections or allergic reactions including Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Aspergillus.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Factors Influencing Grid-connected Heat Pump Water Heater Performance in the Southeast U.S.

Grid-connected heat pump water heaters (HPWH) can shift electrical load while minimizing impacts to hot water availability for occupants. This capability provides a flexible grid resource to utilities seeking to manage peak loads Such load control also can feasibly improve renewable utilization within the utility electric production mix, for instance using off-peak generation during periods with high renewable energy generation. It also offers lower electric bills to customers through increased energy efficiency of HPWH and cuts greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, the Southeast U.S. due to its high penetration of electric water heating presents a promising opportunity for grid-connected HPWHs. This paper builds upon the results of an extensive HPWH load shifting field study conducted in 51 occupied homes in Florida using EcoPort technology (Butzbaugh et al, 2022). In 2022, only an initial evaluation was available. Here, long term load results are available as well as examination of various control strategies and influences. Analysis is conducted for HPWH energy use and load shifting performance based on home occupancy (i.e., low and high) and water heater location (i.e., conditioned and unconditioned) across different temperature profiles. An unexpected outcome of this analysis was the poor performance of HPWHs located in conditioned spaces, possibly because of inadequate air volume from improper installation. We did find higher demand reductions from 2-hour load ups and slightly improved for critical peak signals in the afternoon control periods. As expected, higher occupancy households showed great load reductions.

Fenaughty, Karen↗
DOE OSTI2022

A discussion on various experimental methods of impact ionization coefficient measurement in GaN

Impact ionization coefficients play a critical role in semiconductors. In addition to silicon, silicon carbide and gallium nitride are important semiconductors that are being seen more as mainstream semiconductor technologies. As a reflection of the maturity of these semiconductors, predictive modeling has become essential to device and circuit designers, and impact ionization coefficients play a key role here. Recently, several studies have measured impact ionization coefficients. We dedicated the first part of our study to comparing three experimental methods to estimate impact ionization coefficients in GaN, which are all based on photomultiplication but feature characteristic differences. The first method inserts an InGaN hole-injection layer, the accuracy of which is challenged by the dominance of ionization in InGaN, leading to possible overestimation of the coefficients. The second method utilizes the Franz–Keldysh effect for hole injection but not for electrons, where the mixed injection of induced carriers would require a margin of error. The third method uses complementary p–n and n–p structures that have been at the basis of this estimation in Si and SiC and leans on the assumption of a constant electric field, and any deviation would require a margin of error. In the second part of our study, we evaluated the models using recent experimental data from diodes demonstrating avalanche breakdown.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrifying Transit: A Guidebook for Implementing Battery Electric Buses

This guidebook is organized to give transit decision-makers and relevant stakeholders an overview of BEB facts, data, and considerations important for planning their implementation in a variety of jurisdictions. First, the benefits and barriers for BEB are identified. Second, BEB basics in terms of the major components, including a) the bus, b) the battery, and c) the numerous charging options. BEB introduces new, high demand loads as the buses are charging and thus have a number of interactions with the electricity grid and the utility, which are explored third. Operation and maintenance of BEBs are considered fourth as BEBs should not be operated and maintained in the same approach as diesel buses. Fifth, the costs of BEB prices are summarized – and the choices of bus and battery are explored in how they impact BEB prices. Funding and financing options that support BEBs and their charging stations are also explored. Safety is a key consideration for BEBs and the guidebook touches upon codes and standards, hazards, and emergencies. The final section examines project execution, bringing together information from all the other sections so that long-term planning, route analysis, and fleet and infrastructure planning can be considered in the preparation of BEB deployment, and then deployment can be evaluated on a regular basis. A final conclusion revisits the information covered in the guidebook.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Design for Remanufacturing Framework Incorporating Identification, Evaluation, and Validation: A Case Study of Hydraulic Manifold

In recent years, academic researchers and engineers in the industry have widely recognized the necessity of integrating remanufacturing considerations into product design iterations to advance sustainability objectives. Acknowledging the importance of design for remanufacturing (DfRem), efforts were made to develop tools and guidelines that could be implemented in practice. However, such methods largely rely upon experiential insights and qualitative assessments, leaving a gap in the ability to quantitatively assess the economic and environmental impacts of design choices. To bridge this gap, we investigate existing efforts and present a framework for DfRem that integrates established design and remanufacturing practices into a cohesive workflow with quantitative assessments. To demonstrate its efficacy for making practical design changes for remanufacturing, we apply the framework to a hydraulic manifold in a transmission system for heavy-duty tractors. Through this industry-relevant case study, we focus on showcasing the practical utility of our framework. Based on the identified design modifications from remanufacturability analysis, we estimate the reductions in life cycle costs, energy consumption, and emissions. Afterward, the modifications are tested using physical experiments with plans for integration into future iterations of the hydraulic manifold design and production. Here, we anticipate this framework can illustrate the process of remanufacturing that ensures improvements in sustainability while maintaining performance and reliability standards.

design for X↗
DOE OSTI2023

A fine pore-preserved deep neural network for porosity analytics of a high burnup U-10Zr metallic fuel

Abstract U-10 wt.% Zr (U-10Zr) metallic fuel is the leading candidate for next-generation sodium-cooled fast reactors. Porosity is one of the most important factors that impacts the performance of U-10Zr metallic fuel. The pores generated by the fission gas accumulation can lead to changes in thermal conductivity, fuel swelling, Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interaction (FCCI) and Fuel-Cladding Mechanical Interaction (FCMI). Therefore, it is crucial to accurately segment and analyze porosity to understand the U-10Zr fuel system to design future fast reactors. To address the above issues, we introduce a workflow to process and analyze multi-source Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image data. Moreover, an encoder-decoder-based, deep fully convolutional network is proposed to segment pores accurately by integrating the residual unit and the densely-connected units. Two SEM 250 × field of view image datasets with different formats are utilized to evaluate the new proposed model’s performance. Sufficient comparison results demonstrate that our method quantitatively outperforms two popular deep fully convolutional networks. Furthermore, we conducted experiments on the third SEM 2500 × field of view image dataset, and the transfer learning results show the potential capability to transfer the knowledge from low-magnification images to high-magnification images. Finally, we use a pre-trained network to predict the pores of SEM images in the whole cross-sectional image and obtain quantitative porosity analysis. Our findings will guide the SEM microscopy data collection efficiently, provide a mechanistic understanding of the U-10Zr fuel system and bridge the gap between advanced characterization to fuel system design.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Ecological insights into soil health according to the genomic traits and environment-wide associations of bacteria in agricultural soils

Abstract Soil microbiomes are sensitive to current and previous soil conditions, and bacterial ‘bioindicators’ of biological, physical, and chemical soil properties have considerable potential for soil health assessment. However, the lack of ecological or physiological information for most soil microorganisms limits our ability to interpret the associations of bioindicators and, thus, their utility for guiding management. We identified bioindicators of tillage intensity and twelve soil properties used to rate soil health using a 16S rRNA gene-based survey of farmland across North America. We then inferred the genomic traits of bioindicators and evaluated their environment-wide associations (EWAS) with respect to agricultural management practice, disturbance, and plant associations with 89 studies from agroecosystems. Most bioindicators were either positively correlated with biological properties (e.g., organic matter) or negatively correlated with physical and chemical properties. Higher soil health ratings corresponded with smaller genome size and higher coding density, while lower ratings corresponded with larger genomes and higher rrn copy number. Community-weighted genome size explained most variation in health ratings. EWAS linked prominent bioindicators with the impacts of environmental disturbances. Our findings provide ecological insights into bioindicators of soil properties relevant to soil health management, illustrating the tight coupling of microbiome and soil function.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Toward Human-Centric Transportation and Energy Metrics: Influence of Mode, Vehicle Occupancy, Trip Distance, and Fuel Economy

Traditional metrics measuring transportation and energy outcomes can be augmented to better represent impacts on people's lives and systems-level performance. In this context, this study introduces two novel metrics: road capacity (as number of people traveling and accessing services) and energy intensity (as energy use for people traveling and accessing services). Current national-level distributions of available data in the United States for factors contributing to the two new integrated metrics are used as context to evaluate potential outcomes. These factors include vehicle occupancy, mode share, fuel economy, and trip distance. Variations in input values provide insights on how these factors shape efficiencies in road capacity and energy intensity. Parametric sensitivity analysis indicates that the impact of each input depends upon the metric being evaluated. For the human-centered road capacity mobility metric, increasing vehicle occupancy has the largest effect – twice that of increasing mode share for bike, walk, and transit. For the energy intensity mobility metric, the effect of improving fuel economy is the largest. However, when the focus is on accessibility (instead of mobility), for both metrics the effect of lowering average trip distance is the largest. Additionally, a novel interactive tool to visualize the results for various parameter combinations makes the metrics practitioner ready. The findings suggest that the diffusion of new human-centric metrics that benchmark outcomes associated with road capacity and energy may be significant in motivating new sustainable transportation investments and efficient utilization of infrastructure, mobility assets, and services.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Laboratory Evaluation of Tunable White LEDs for Circadian Lighting in Commercial Offices

Tunable white Light-Emitting Diode (LED) systems that allow users to control Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) are often marketed for circadian health, which is an emerging priority in commercial office lighting. However, the energy impacts of meeting circadian criteria with standard non-tunable LEDs and with tunable white LEDs are not well understood. The goals of this project were to implement select commercial lighting systems, including tunable white LEDs, to meet visual and circadian criteria in an office environment, and to quantify lighting performance and energy usage. Most recent studies on tunable white LEDs, circadian lighting strategies, and energy impacts have relied on computer simulations and models. While little research has directly measured tunable LED energy usage for circadian criteria, EPRI has recently published results from a lab-based evaluation of illuminance, spectral output, and energy consumption for several LED products marketed for circadian performance. The research presented here contributes to the field by quantifying the performance of market-available technologies through detailed monitoring of performance parameters (such as illuminance, spectral output, glare, and energy consumption) in a physical space (an office environment).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Methodology for Evaluating Energy Savings, Cost-Effectiveness, and Societal Impacts of Commercial Energy Code Changes

This document lays out the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) methodology for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of energy code and standard proposals and editions. The evaluation is applied to new provisions or editions of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 and the International Energy Conservation Code. The methodology follows standard lifecycle cost (LCC) economic analysis procedures. A cost-effectiveness evaluation requires three steps: 1) evaluating the energy and energy cost savings of code changes; 2) evaluating the incremental and replacement costs related to the changes; and 3) determining the cost-effectiveness of energy code changes based on those costs and savings over time.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Developing an Equity Framework for State Regulatory Decision-Making

The report presents a framework for states that seek to incorporate equity into regulatory decision-making. Berkeley Lab contextualizes approaches and metrics from various states into example processes to exemplify how this may be done, including topics such as the development of equity goals and definitions, intervenor funding, community engagement, performance-based ratemaking, and utility resource planning. The report offers five takeaways and considerations, supported by these examples: 1. Equity comprises multiple tenets and stages, all of which must be considered in parallel. 2. At the start of designing new equity-related processes, it is critical to establish clear and actionable goals, definitions, roles, and responsibilities to ensure progress. 3. Once goals are established, it is critical to align tools and metrics that bridge the gap between what an intervention may do and how it may impact communities and households. 4. Processes should be stakeholder driven. It is important to not only increase education and outreach, but to actively seek out and incorporate feedback from inclusive public processes and build in accountability mechanisms. Processes should be iterative. Feedback loops between evaluations and program design provide the flexibility to better align existing interventions with community priorities and to incorporate equity into future decision-making.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The health and indoor environmental quality impacts of residential building envelope retrofits: A literature review

Retrofitting existing buildings to improve energy efficiency is an important strategy to meet increasingly stringent energy efficiency targets. While the primary objective of energy efficiency retrofits is to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, retrofits can also result in non-energy impacts (NEIs), which contribute to decision-making processes and overall value of the retrofit. NEIs have been studied extensively in retrofitted residential buildings; however, these studies have historically grouped passive (i.e., building envelope) and active (i.e., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and energy system) upgrades, making it difficult to identify the underlying mechanism(s) of action for each NEI and developing effective retrofit strategies, based on occupant need. The purpose of this study was to better account for NEIs, based on a literature review, summarizing the current state of knowledge on NEIs associated with residential building envelope retrofits. We limited our search to health- and indoor environmental quality-related NEIs. The review identified strong evidence that building envelope retrofits improve acoustic comfort, wintertime thermal comfort, and respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes. IAQ outcomes were mixed, with studies reporting both increases and decreases to indoor contaminant concentrations following retrofits. The strength of the effect was generally governed by pre-retrofit contaminant concentrations and whether indoor concentrations were dominated by indoor or outdoor sources. Most studies evaluating summertime thermal comfort identified increased incidence of summertime overheating; however, none of these studies linked the change in thermal conditions to health outcomes. Recommendations for future work include expanding studies to include more market rate housing and the health impacts of summertime overheating in retrofitted buildings.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

Determinants of residential mobility: an adaptive retrospective survey method

This study introduces a survey instrument to collect retrospective life-course events, focusing on residential relocation, and it utilizes the survey to evaluate determinants of residential mobility. Here, the survey consists of seven modules collecting information about household structure and household demographics, latest residential relocation, current and previous home, employment, education, vehicle ownership, and travel behavior. The time window of the life-course calendar in the survey is customized according to the latest residential relocation as an anchor point to assist with memory recollection and balance the required input from participants. The survey is used to collect data from a sample of 514 respondents in Sydney, Australia, and another sample of 404 respondents in Chicago, Illinois, in the US. The Cox proportional hazard model is used to analyze residential mobility. The results show primary school commencement is a salient determinant of residential relocation, but its impact is significantly higher in Chicago compared to Sydney.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Deuterium Concentration Effects on Cell Cycle Progression

Deuterium (D), which is found in natural water at ~ 150 ppm, seems to play an important role in biology. For example, D concentrations above 150 ppm are known to produce toxic effects in many organisms. There is also evidence to suggest D levels significantly less than 150 ppm can cause delays in progression through the normal mitotic cell cycle. Some have even theorized that the D:H ratio in cells may impact an organism’s radiation resistance. Therefore, evaluating the role of D and the D:H ratio in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells should lead to a better understanding of cell cycle progression and radiation resistance in these organisms. Research in this field has likely been stalled by the limited availability of D 2 O with varying D concentrations needed to accurately study the deuterium effects. However, SRNL can currently manufacture D 2 O in varying concentrations, and we have assembled a unique team of radiation biologists, microbiologists, radiochemists, and health physics to form an interdisciplinary research group to study the cell cycle as a function of D concentration in order to address several fundamental science questions. Proposed work in FY20 was a collaborative effort with Augusta University to utilized BSL-2 mammalian cell lines. Lab work was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An intensive literature review was performed and identified pertinent knowledge gaps that could be filled in future research efforts.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

Impacts of Model Building Energy Codes – Interim Update

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) periodically evaluates state and national impacts associated with energy codes in residential and commercial buildings. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), funded by DOE, assessed the prospective impacts of national model building energy codes from 2010 through 2040. The model codes of interest in this report are the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) for residential buildings and ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for commercial buildings. This report describes the methodology used for the assessment and presents the impacts in terms of energy savings, consumer cost savings, and reduced CO 2 emissions at the state and national levels.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Reducing Cost of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compound Remediation by Transitioning from Active to Passive Soil Vapor Extraction - 20157

Areas of high chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) contamination at the Savannah River Site (SRS) have been undergoing remediation via soil vapor extraction, sometimes coupled with thermal treatments to enhance extraction rates. These active systems are effective in removing large amounts of contaminant mass from the subsurface and mitigating the impacts to groundwater. However, as extraction rates decline, costs must be evaluated with respect to the benefit of continued active operation. A decision framework for identifying conditions when a transition to a more passive remediation is appropriate has been developed with state and federal regulatory agencies. Two remediation areas have recently been transitioned from active soil vapor extraction (ASVE) to passive soil vapor extraction (PSVE) at the SRS. Performance evaluation goals including plume stabilization, overall mass removal trends, environmental sustainability and costs were considered in transitioning from active remediation to passive technologies at both sites. At the Dynamic Underground Stripping (DUS) project at the M-Area Settling Basin, ASVE was combined with steam injection to extract cVOCs during active operations. Steam injection occurred from September 2005 to September 2009. DUS utilized 63 steam injection wells, 34 active vapor extraction wells, and 3 active soil vapor extraction units (SVEUs). Two active SVEUs had 60 horsepower blowers; the third had a 25-horsepower blower. Mass removal was closely tracked during DUS operations; over 181,437 kilograms (400,000 pounds) of cVOCs were removed while active steam injection occurred. After steaming was stopped, ASVE continued. The 34 active wells were evaluated in 2012. The ASVE wells were grouped into categories of high, medium, and low extraction rates. High producing wells remained connected to a single active SVEU. Low producing wells were abandoned, and the medium producing wells were transitioned to PSVE (Microblowers{sup TM}). Microblowers{sup TM} utilize a dedicated blower per well and are solar powered. This passive technology provides energy, maintenance, and operation costs savings while still providing an efficient reduction in cVOC migration to groundwater. In 2018, the remaining ASVE wells were evaluated again. The purpose of this testing was to identify which wells removed the most mass. An optimal well configuration was determined. The criteria to discontinue ASVE was removal of less than 18 kilograms (40 pounds) per week of cVOCs. After 3 months of shutdown (rebound conditions), 2.7 kilograms (5.9 pounds) of cVOCs per week were being removed. Data from the rebound test justified ending ASVE and transitioning wells with higher extraction rates to PSVE. Wells that had depleted the cVOC mass within their zone of influence were abandoned. Performance data from existing PSVE wells justified ending PSVE at wells with depleted extraction rates. Currently the system has 16 PSVE wells operating. Another ASVE system was being used to treat cVOC contaminated soil at the A-Area Miscellaneous Rubble Pile (AMRP) at SRS. System operation began in 2004, with 7 ASVE wells connected to a 60- horsepower blower. Mass removal rates and contaminant concentrations remained consistently low over the ASVE lifespan at AMRP. This indicated that mass removal was diffusion limited. With this data, the 7 ASVE wells were transitioned to PSVE in 2017. Twelve pressure monitoring points were also transitioned to PSVE wells. AMRP currently has 19 PSVE wells operating. Both transitions from active to passive remediation had concurrence from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. These transitions ensure that only the necessary amount of energy is being exerted to remediate the environment. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2026

2011 Seattle Tolling Impact Survey

The 2011 Tolling Impact Survey measured the impact of tolling on travel behavior in Seattle, Washington. The Volpe Center conducted the survey on behalf of the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Urban Partnership Agreement. The population surveyed included drivers, public transportation users, carpoolers, and vanpoolers using the SR-520 corridor in Seattle. The survey was conducted in two phases—before and after toll implementation—to evaluate related attitude changes. The survey assessed route changes, trip timing, trip purpose, and travel mode (i.e., single-occupancy vehicle, carpool, or public transportation).

1Hz data↗