Results for “technology life cycle” — Page 24

DOE OSTI2026

Simulating competition in the US bioeconomy to produce hard‐to‐electrify transportation fuels using limited biomass resources

This study presents a novel bioeconomy optimization framework, BiOpt, designed to address critical questions regarding the strategic use of limited US biomass resources for biofuel production. By integrating detailed techno-economic analyses, life cycle assessments, and resource assessment data, BiOpt optimizes resource distributions across competing technologies to maximize economic performance and/or minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Using feedstock scenarios from the 2023 Billion Ton Study, the analysis explores optimal biomass allocations across sustainable aviation fuel, diesel, and marine biofuel conversion pathways given varying production targets and policy incentives. Results demonstrate distinct feedstock preferences and pathway utilizations when prioritizing economic returns vs. emissions reductions. For instance, fats, oils, and greases were highly favored in cost-optimized scenarios, while low-carbon feedstocks such as wet waste dominated greenhouse gas-minimized strategies. The findings underscore the pivotal role of policy incentives and technological advances in shaping biofuel supply chains and provide actionable insights for scaling sustainable biofuel production to decarbonize hard-to-electrify sectors. This framework offers a robust tool for policymakers and stakeholders to evaluate biofuel strategies that balance energy output, economic viability, and environmental impact.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Ion Exchange Processes for CO 2 Mineralization Using Industrial Waste Streams: Pilot Plant Demonstration and Life Cycle Assessment

Abstract An attractive technique for removing CO 2 from the environment is sequestration within stable carbonate solids (e. g., calcite). However, continuous addition of alkalinity is required to achieve favorable conditions for carbonate precipitation (pH>8) from aqueous streams containing dissolved CO 2 (pH<4.5) and Ca 2+ ions. In this study, a pH‐swing process using ion exchange was demonstrated to process 300 L of produced water brine per day for CO 2 mineralization. Proton titration capacities were quantified for aqueous streams in equilibrium with gas streams at various concentrations of CO 2 (pCO 2 =0.03–0.20 atm) and at various flow rates (0.5–2.0 L min −1 ). Energy intensities for the process were determined to be between 30 and 65 kWh per tonne of CO 2 sequestered depending on the composition of the brine stream. A life cycle assessment was performed to analyze the net carbon emissions of the technology which indicated a net CO 2 reduction for pCO 2 ≥0.12 atm (−0.06–−0.39 kg CO 2 e per kg precipitated CaCO 3 ) utilizing calcium‐rich brines. The results from this study indicate the ion exchange process can be used as a scalable method to provide alkalinity necessary for the capture and storage of CO 2 in Ca‐rich waste streams.

Chemistry↗

DOE OSTI2020

Research and Development Priorities for Silicon Photovoltaic Module Recycling to Support a Circular Economy

Large-scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) modules has considerably increased in recent decades. Given an estimated lifetime of 30 years, the challenge of how to handle large volumes of end-of-life PV modules is starting to emerge. In this Perspective, we assess the global status of practice and knowledge for end-of-life management for crystalline silicon PV modules. We focus in particular on module recycling, a key aspect in the circular economy of photovoltaic panels. We recommend research and development to reduce recycling costs and environmental impacts compared to disposal while maximizing material recovery. We suggest that the recovery of high-value silicon is more advantageous than the recovery of intact silicon wafers. This approach requires the identification of contaminants and the design of purification processes for recovered silicon. The environmental and economic impacts of recycling practices should be explored with techno–economic analyses and life-cycle assessments to optimize solutions and minimize trade-offs. As photovoltaic technology advances rapidly, it is important for the recycling industry to plan adaptable recycling infrastructure.

c-Si↗

DOE OSTI2025

[LCA UP] Biomass Harvesting (2023)

This unit process models harvesting activities for various biomass types.

AS↗

DOE OSTI2022

NSRD-20, Functional Testing of Novel MTC HEPA Filtration Media

To improve the safety of Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities, this project aimed to develop ceramic high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that also create a low pressure-drop (dP) in use. The filters under consideration use mini-tubular ceramic (MTC) HEPA filtration media made with different architectures. Once successful, this project will reduce life-cycle costs, including safety basis, operational, and waste-disposal costs. The technology’s mini-tubular geometry is known to reduce dP when compared to flow through membranes of equivalent mass and surface area. Low dP facilitates retrofitting advanced filters into existing DOE facilities to make them safer while simultaneously reducing operational costs. Operations of ventilation systems are a key cost driver for DOE nuclear facilities; reducing dP can significantly reduce DOE’s operational costs. However, the filtration efficiency (FE) of this type of filtration media depends on the architecture of the filter media in an unknown way and requires testing. Functional testing of filtration media with different architectures will establish the performance of the filtration media and will enable development of guidance on design requirements to optimize filter performance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Framework for Water Efficiency Measures

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Framework for Water Efficiency Measures: Guidance Designed for Federal Agencies (hereafter referred to as “this report”) provides a technical framework for federal agencies to conduct a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for water efficiency projects in accordance with 42 U.S.C. § 8253. This report leverages insights from the 2023 report, PNNL-34006, Water and Wastewater Annual Price Escalation Rates for Selected Cities Across the United States: 2023 Edition (Unger et al. 2023). The primary objective of this report is to provide a framework to assist federal agencies with evaluating the full economic impact of water efficiency projects by assessing both initial investments and long-term operational benefits. An LCCA can provide a comprehensive view of all costs associated with a water efficiency project, including initial investment, ongoing operations and maintenance (O&M), and eventual disposal or replacement, ensuring the most cost-effective solution is selected. The LCCA methodology outlined in this report enables users to compare base case scenarios with potential alternatives using a standardized present value approach. It incorporates key cost components such as energy, water and wastewater, installation, O&M, and equipment replacement. Additionally, the framework introduces relevant evaluation metrics, such as the net savings and the savings-to-investment ratio, to ensure that water efficiency measures are economically justified over the lifespan of the project. To support practical application, this report also describes various water efficiency strategies that may be analyzed using an LCCA, including plumbing retrofits, irrigation upgrades, alternative water use, and cooling system improvements. By applying this framework, federal agencies can ensure compliance with regulatory mandates while maximizing the return on investment and contributing to resilient water management practices. The information provided in this report is aligned with the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) life-cycle cost (LCC) methodology, as conveyed in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 135 (Kneifel and Webb 2022). This report is intended to provide relatively high-level guidance, acting as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, that resource.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

NASA NTRS1978

General aviation internal-combustion engine research programs at NASA-Lewis Research Center

An update is presented of non-turbine general aviation engine programs. The program encompasses conventional, lightweight diesel and rotary engines. It's three major thrusts are: (1) reduced SFC's; (2) improved fuels tolerance; and (3) reduced emissions. Current and planned future programs in such areas as lean operation, improved fuel management, advanced cooling techniques and advanced engine concepts, are described. These are expected to lay the technology base, by the mid to latter 1980's, for engines whose life cycle fuel costs are 30 to 50% lower than today's conventional engines.

Willis, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1978

General aviation internal combustion engine research programs at NASA-Lewis Research Center

An update is presented of non-turbine general aviation engine programs underway at the NASA-Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The program encompasses conventional, lightweight diesel and rotary engines. Its three major thrusts are: (a) reduced SFC's; (b) improved fuels tolerance; and (c) reducing emissions. Current and planned future programs in such areas as lean operation, improved fuel management, advanced cooling techniques and advanced engine concepts, are described. These are expected to lay the technology base, by the mid to late 1980's, for engines whose life cycle fuel costs are 30 to 50% lower than today's conventional engines.

Willis, E. A.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Advanced vehicle systems assessment. Volume 3: Systems assessment

The systems analyses integrate the advanced component and vehicle characteristics into conceptual vehicles with identical performance (for a given application) and evaluates the vehicles in typical use patterns. Initial and life-cycle costs are estimated and compared to conventional reference vehicles with comparable technological advances, assuming the vehicles will be in competition in the early 1990s. Electric vans, commuter vehicles, and full-size vehicles, in addition to electric/heat-engine hybrid and fuel-cell powered vehicles, are addressed in terms of performance and economics. System and subsystem recommendations for vans and two-passenger commuter vehicles are based on the economic analyses in this volume.

Hardy, K.↗

NASA NTRS1991

Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP)

ATTAP activities were highlighted by test bed engine design and development activities; ceramic component design; materials and engine component characterization; ceramic component process development and fabrication; component rig testing; and test bed engine fabrication and testing. Specifically, ATTAP aims to develop and demonstrate the technology of structural ceramics that have the potential for competitive automotive engine life cycle cost and for operating for 3500 hours in a turbine engine environment at temperatures up to 1371 C (2500 F).

Source record↗

NASA NTRS1992

Diaphragm Stirling cryocooler developments

This paper reports on the status of several ongoing development programs aimed at the demonstration of diaphragm Stirling cycle cryocooler performance. Key attributes of this technology focus on long reliable operating life and excellent efficiency, making it a candidate for cooling of satellite-borne long wavelength sensors for astrophysics and earth observing missions. Three programs are described, each leading to system or component test hardware: a 2 W 65 K single-stage Standard Spacecraft Cryocooler, a 300 mW 30 K two-stage cooler and a 200 mW 4-20 K single-stage cooler. Design features are described, and breadboard experimental data are presented.

Stacy, W. D.↗

NASA NTRS1993

Technology utilization office data base analysis and design

NASA Headquarters is placing a high priority on the transfer of NASA and NASA contractor developed technologies and expertise to the private sector and to other federal, state and local government organizations. The ultimate objective of these efforts is positive economic impact, an improved quality of life, and a more competitive U.S. posture in international markets. The Technology Utilization Office (TUO) currently serves seven states with its technology transfer efforts. Since 1989, the TUO has handled over one-thousand formal requests for NASA related technologies assistance. The technology transfer process requires promoting public awareness of NASA related soliciting requests for assistance, matching technologies to specific needs, assuring appropriate technology transfer, and monitoring and evaluating the process. Each of these activities have one very important aspect in common: the success of each is dissemination of appropriate high quality information. The purpose of the research was to establish the requirements and develop a preliminary design for a database system to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the TUO's technology transfer function. The research was conducted following the traditional systems development life cycle methodology and was supported through the use of modern structured analysis techniques. The next section will describe the research and findings as conducted under the life cycle approach.

Floyd, Stephen A.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Providing Affordable Access to the Lunar and Martian Gravity Environments for Conducting Scientific Research and Enabling Technology Development

NASA’s Artemis campaign aims to explore the Moon for scientific discovery, technology advancement, and to learn how to live and work on another world as we prepare for human missions to Mars. Like the Moon, Mars is a rich destination for scientific discovery and a driver of technologies that will enable humans to travel and explore far from Earth. Conducting space research and validating gravity-dependent technologies in low-Earth orbit or on the surface of the Moon or Mars is expensive and typically requires long project life cycles. To achieve NASA’s Moon to Mars objectives, it will be necessary to have affordable, ground-based test platforms for carrying out this research and technology development in the relevant gravity environment. A proposed upgrade to NASA Glenn Research Center’s Zero Gravity Research Facility is presented that will provide more than 10 seconds of any prescribed gravity level between microgravity and Earth gravity, allowing users to rapidly conduct dozens of tests per day in a microgravity, Lunar, and Martian gravity environment. The design concept is described along with expected performance characteristics, and technologies and research areas that will benefit. The proposed ground-based variable gravity test capability will enable scientific breakthroughs and Moon to Mars technology and subsystem development while also providing a tool for educating and inspiring future scientists and engineers.

Variable Gravity↗

DOE OSTI2022

Hydrogen Life-Cycle Analysis in Support of Clean Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen is a basic molecule which is commonly used in the production of chemicals or as an energy carrier or a fuel. Its zero-carbon content means that it does not produce carbon dioxide upon its use. However, depending on the energy source and technology for hydrogen production and delivery, there can be greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the hydrogen for various end use applications. To provide the largest reduction in GHG emissions, hydrogen produced from clean energy sources should be used. As concerns regarding climate change grows, there is an increasing focus on economic production of clean hydrogen to displace less climate neutral sources of hydrogen. However, there are many different methods of hydrogen production with unique processes that result in different levels of life cycle GHG emissions of hydrogen production and its end use applications. Therefore, a comprehensive life cycle accounting methodology that takes all these factors into account is required. he GREET ® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) model was first developed in 1995 by Argonne National Laboratory with the support from the various offices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). GREET provides in-depth Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) simulations for a variety of products and is available as an Excel spreadsheet (GREET Excel), or as an application (GREET .Net). Both versions are available for public download at no cost. This report accompanies GREET 2022 release to describe the major updates and expansions to the hydrogen technology pathways, and to provide data sources and sample carbon intensity results for each of the pathways.

08 HYDROGEN↗

DOE OSTI2025

Assessing the Impact of Lubrication on Efficiency and Life Cycle Economics of the US Wind Turbine Fleet: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

As with any mechanical system, lubrication plays a key role in the performance of wind turbines used to generate electricity. The lubricant design offers a way to optimize the competing requirements of efficiency, component reliability, and maintenance strategy. This project will estimate the impact of improved lubrication on the levelized cost of energy of the US wind turbine fleet as a means of identifying opportunities for disruptive innovation or system-level optimization. The models developed will provide a clear understanding of the benefits and potential for advanced lubrication of wind turbines. The project will enable identification of high value targets for wind turbine component suppliers and a roadmap that highlights where the greatest return on technology investment can be achieved. This will promote efficient resource allocation in areas of new technology development.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Decarbonization of Wastewater Treatment with Microalgae Processes.

Microalgae can contribute to the decarbonization of wastewater treatment by municipalities, industries and agriculture, by substituting sunlight for energy intensive conventional treatment processes, while capturing nutrients and carbon in the algal biomass. The carbon fixed into the algal biomass can be converted to renewable natural gas (RNG) using anaerobic digestion or into renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), with greatly reduce the carbon footprints compared to conventional fuels. Bioplastics, biofertilizers and other bioproducts from microalgae biomass also provide potential benefits in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and domestic supply chains. Microalgae technologies can counter eutrophication caused by harmful algal blooms by recovering nutrients, N and P, from wastewaters, and even from very low nutrient concentrations found in surface waters. CO2 is required in microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment to support maximal rates of the photosynthesis, with the CO2 obtained from the wastes themselves, other local sources or even atmospheric CO2. Greenhouse gas mitigation with microalgae processes is based on life cycle assessments, comparing such green processes with current energy intensive wastewater treatment, and nutrient reduction technologies. Microalgae technologies are specifically relevant to smaller, often disadvantaged, communities, where currently about 5,000 algae wastewater treatment ponds are operated by public utilities with many more are operated by industries. However, many, if not most, of these pond facilities require urgent technology upgrades to achieve the potential and goals of low cost GHG mitigation and efficient nutrient recycling. MicroBio Engineering Inc. is developing and has demonstrated several technologies that combine innovative carbon mitigation and decarbonization technologies for a circular economy, with longer-term potential for large-scale biofuels and biofertilizer production.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Decarbonization of Wastewater Treatment with Microalgae Processes.

Microalgae can contribute to the decarbonization of wastewater treatment by municipalities, industries and agriculture, by substituting sunlight for energy intensive conventional treatment processes, while capturing nutrients and carbon in the algal biomass. The carbon fixed into the algal biomass can be converted to renewable natural gas (RNG) using anaerobic digestion or into renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), with greatly reduce the carbon footprints compared to conventional fuels. Bioplastics, biofertilizers and other bioproducts from microalgae biomass also provide potential benefits in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and domestic supply chains. Microalgae technologies can counter eutrophication caused by harmful algal blooms by recovering nutrients, N and P, from wastewaters, and even from very low nutrient concentrations found in surface waters. CO2 is required in microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment to support maximal rates of the photosynthesis, with the CO2 obtained from the wastes themselves, other local sources or even atmospheric CO2. Greenhouse gas mitigation with microalgae processes is based on life cycle assessments, comparing such green processes with current energy intensive wastewater treatment, and nutrient reduction technologies. Microalgae technologies are specifically relevant to smaller, often disadvantaged, communities, where currently about 5,000 algae wastewater treatment ponds are operated by public utilities with many more are operated by industries. However, many, if not most, of these pond facilities require urgent technology upgrades to achieve the potential and goals of low cost GHG mitigation and efficient nutrient recycling. MicroBio Engineering Inc. is developing and has demonstrated several technologies that combine innovative carbon mitigation and decarbonization technologies for a circular economy, with longer-term potential for large-scale biofuels and biofertilizer production.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Decarbonization of Wastewater Treatment with Microalgae Processes.

Microalgae can contribute to the decarbonization of wastewater treatment by municipalities, industries and agriculture, by substituting sunlight for energy intensive conventional treatment processes, while capturing nutrients and carbon in the algal biomass. The carbon fixed into the algal biomass can be converted to renewable natural gas (RNG) using anaerobic digestion or into renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), with greatly reduce the carbon footprints compared to conventional fuels. Bioplastics, biofertilizers and other bioproducts from microalgae biomass also provide potential benefits in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and domestic supply chains. Microalgae technologies can counter eutrophication caused by harmful algal blooms by recovering nutrients, N and P, from wastewaters, and even from very low nutrient concentrations found in surface waters. CO2 is required in microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment to support maximal rates of the photosynthesis, with the CO2 obtained from the wastes themselves, other local sources or even atmospheric CO2. Greenhouse gas mitigation with microalgae processes is based on life cycle assessments, comparing such green processes with current energy intensive wastewater treatment, and nutrient reduction technologies. Microalgae technologies are specifically relevant to smaller, often disadvantaged, communities, where currently about 5,000 algae wastewater treatment ponds are operated by public utilities with many more are operated by industries. However, many, if not most, of these pond facilities require urgent technology upgrades to achieve the potential and goals of low cost GHG mitigation and efficient nutrient recycling. MicroBio Engineering Inc. is developing and has demonstrated several technologies that combine innovative carbon mitigation and decarbonization technologies for a circular economy, with longer-term potential for large-scale biofuels and biofertilizer production.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗