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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

Empirical Model Development for Predicting Shock Response on Composite Materials Subjected to Pyroshock Loading: Appendices

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) received a request to develop an analysis model based on both frequency response and wave propagation analyses for predicting shock response spectrum (SRS) on composite materials subjected to pyroshock loading. The model would account for near-field environment (approx. 9 inches from the source) dominated by direct wave propagation, mid-field environment (approx. 2 feet from the source) characterized by wave propagation and structural resonances, and far-field environment dominated by lower frequency bending waves in the structure. This document contains appendices to the Volume I report.

Gentz, Steven J↗
NASA NTRS2014

A Predictive Bubble Point Pressure Model for Porous Liquid Acquisition Device Screens

This article presents a simplified model for porous screen channel liquid acquisition devices based on a maximum bubble point pressure method from Adamson and Gast (1997). To validate the model, three 304 stainless steel (325 × 2300, 450 × 2750, and 510 × 3600) mesh samples were tested in methanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and water. Screen pores are estimated based on analysis from scanning electron microscopy, historical data, and current test data. Results show that the bubble point pressure is proportional to the surface tension of the fluid only when accounting for nonzero contact angles. The previous assumption that bubble point pressure scales inversely with effective pore diameter is shown to be invalid, as the second finest 450 × 2750 produced the highest bubble point of the three screens. The simplified bubble point model can be used to make predictions for any pure fluid when pore diameters are based on bubble point tests and not SEM analysis.

Liquid Acquisition Device↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development and Validation of a High-Vacuum Thermal Conductivity Testbed for Aerospace Interface Materials

Spacecraft thermal margins depend on the temperature penalty of installed interfaces, yet catalog conductivity omits bondline thickness, mating surfaces, preload, and environment. The Testbed for Advanced Interface Materials in Vacuum (TAIMV) addresses this engineering-data gap by converting ambient/vacuum temperature fields from a four-coupon stack into quantities usable in spacecraft thermal models. Its 17-node steady-state model resolves axial conduction, parasitic fixture paths, grease-filled contact, radiation, and ambient convection. Four monolithic checks gave axial heat-rate ratios of 0.90–1.02, and Braycote calibration self-recovery gave 2.20% casewise mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and 2.85% maximum difference. With transferable fixture terms frozen, Krytox LVP tested cross-material transfer against a manufacturer-derived external relation. The six Krytox cases gave 2.28% MAPE, 5.10% maximum difference, and full-field residual root-mean-square values of 0.553 °C ambient and 1.306 °C vacuum. Installed-joint resistance spanned 6.39–7.15 × 10⁻⁴ m²·K/W for Braycote and 4.09–4.49 × 10⁻⁴ m²·K/W for Krytox, corresponding to 2.33–6.66 K per modeled interface over the tested heat-flux range. TAIMV therefore supplies directly usable installed-joint resistance and conductance, plus apparent installed conductivity and explicitly model-conditioned grease conductivity/contact terms.

heat transfer↗
NASA NTRS2015

Empirical Model Development for Predicting Shock Response on Composite Materials Subjected to Pyroshock Loading: Appendices - Volume 2, Part 1

The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) received a request to develop an analysis model based on both frequency response and wave propagation analyses for predicting shock response spectrum (SRS) on composite materials subjected to pyroshock loading. The model would account for near-field environment (approximately 9 inches from the source) dominated by direct wave propagation, mid-field environment (approximately 2 feet from the source) characterized by wave propagation and structural resonances, and far-field environment dominated by lower frequency bending waves in the structure. This document contains appendices to the Volume I report.

Steven J Gentz↗
NASA NTRS2025

Airports as Energy Nodes Activity Summary

Advanced aircraft concepts that use non-traditional aviation energy storage methods such as batteries or cryogenic hydrogen are in development and expected to enter regular service at airports worldwide within the next decade. The energy needs for these aircraft may quickly overwhelm the existing energy infrastructure at airports, particularly at smaller and more remote facilities. Without energy upgrades, these airports will not be able to host these advanced vehicles, but without the advanced vehicle traffic, these airports will not have the rationale or funding to build up their energy infrastructure. The Airports as Energy Nodes (ÆNodes) activity, a collaboration between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was executed to understand and model the energy needs that advanced aircraft concepts may levy on these smaller airports, determine cost-effective approaches to enhance the airport energy infrastructure, and demonstrate the enhanced resilience of these energy infrastructure upgrades to the airport and surrounding community via “digital twin” simulation at relevant energy and dynamic time scales. The ÆNodes team also investigated future reference aircraft designs and materials to enable cryogenic hydrogen storage for aircraft. The ÆNodes team conducted analysis at two U.S. airport partner sites — Winchester Regional Airport in Winchester, Virginia, and Tweed/New Haven Airport in New Haven, Connecticut. The goal of this partnership was to develop data and reference infrastructure designs that could accommodate advanced aircraft in the future at these airports while also enhancing the resiliency of the energy supply to the surrounding airport community, which could be used to capture funding to enable the infrastructure upgrades. Over the course of the study, a method was developed to estimate air traffic requiring advanced energy services over the course of a year using a mix of historical data and companion studies on advanced aircraft transportation networks. The study has concluded at NASA but continues at NREL, who will develop a final report discussing the energy infrastructure upgrades and digital twin results. Preliminary results indicate that unrestricted adoption of advanced battery-electric aircraft may double traffic at these airports and increase peak daily power usage by an order of magnitude, while increase electricity energy needs by a factor of two to four. The infrastructure upgrades necessary to accommodate these increased energy needs could be used to provide enhanced energy services to the airport community to offset the cost and increase the utility of the upgrades, which will be described in the NREL final report.

Airports↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Advanced Composite Structures and Materials Technologies for Launch Vehicles

The NASA's Advanced Composites Technologies (ACT) Project has the potential to develop composite materials and structures technologies for the largest composite aerospace structures ever made. The objective the ACT Project of is to develop mid-technology readiness level (TRL) composite materials and structures technologies to TRL 6 for specific heavy lift Ares V launch vehicle and Altair lunar lander applications. To accomplish this objective, the ACT Project has four major technical elements: materials and manufacturing; structural concepts development and assessment of lightweight components; testing and evaluation; and highly loaded composite struts. The Project uses capabilities from across NASA to form multi-disciplinary, cross-center teams to meet the milestones of these technical elements. This presentation will describe the activities and plans for the ACT Project. Studies from the first execution year of the project will be summarized including results from materials selection and structural concept evaluation studies. Plans for continuing activities include studies for nondestructive evaluation/structural health monitoring, damage tolerance, joints, and material and structural testing, and these studies will be described. A major emphasis this fiscal year is the start of work for a manufacturing demonstration barrel. This structure will be composed of six, 5-m-diameter, 3-m-long curved panels that when assembled, result in a 10-m-diameter barrel. Activities related to the development of this structure will also be described.

Mark J Shuart↗
NASA NTRS1993

The Flight Performance of the Galileo Orbiter USO

Results are presented from an analysis of radio metric data received by the DSN stations from the Galileo spacecraft using an Ultrastable Oscillator (USO) as a signal source. These results allow the health and performance of the Galileo USO to be evaluated, and are used to calibrate this Radio Science instrument and the data acquired for Radio Science experiments such as the Red-shift Observation, Solar Conjunction, and Jovian occultations. Estimates for the USO-referenced spacecraft-transmitted frequency and frequency stability were made for 82 data acquisition passes conducted between launch (October 1989) and November 1991. Analyses of the spacecraft-transmitted frequencies show that the USO is behaving as expected. The USO was powered off and then back on in August 1991 with no adverse effect on its performance. The frequency stabilities measured by Allan deviation are consistent with expected values due to thermal wideband noise and the USO itself at the appropriate time intervals. The Galileo USO appears to be healthy and functioning normally in a reasonable manner.

D D Morabito↗
NASA NTRS2026

Advanced Materials Testing Plan for the Space Suit Portable Life Support System

The Space Suit Portable Life Support System (PLSS) has a tight mass requirement to meet while also meeting other requirements for supporting a crewmember in space, on the Moon, or on Mars. To meet these requirements, atypical materials must be considered to close the mass budget allocations. However, many of these materials and processes are relatively new and untested. Therefore, initial analysis and testing of some new and advanced processes have been conducted following a roadmap presented last year. This material testing has focused primarily on thermoplastics, both additively manufactured and machined, to assess plating and fastening operations that will be required. These processes will provide additional strength and shielding capability typically only achieved with metallics. This testing has also helped to define a forward plan to certify these materials and processes for critical spaceflight applications. This report will review testing plated thermoplastics both for strength and thermal properties. It will also review fastener and fastening options and look at insert and fastener testing. It will also review state-of-the-art methods being considered elsewhere and some additional testing being conducted. Using the testing results researched here, there will be recommendations on applications for each of these types of methods going forward.

Ryan Ogilvie↗
NASA NTRS2026

Advanced Materials Testing Plan for the Space Suit Portable Life Support System

The Space Suit Portable Life Support System (PLSS) has a tight mass requirement to meet while also meeting other requirements for supporting a crewmember in space, on the Moon, or on Mars. To meet these requirements, atypical materials must be considered to close the mass budget allocations. However, many of these materials and processes are relatively new and untested. Therefore, initial analysis and testing of some new and advanced processes have been conducted following a roadmap presented last year. This material testing has focused primarily on thermoplastics, both additively manufactured and machined, to assess plating and fastening operations that will be required. These processes will provide additional strength and shielding capability typically only achieved with metallics. This testing has also helped to define a forward plan to certify these materials and processes for critical spaceflight applications. This report will review testing plated thermoplastics both for strength and thermal properties. It will also review fastener and fastening options and look at insert and fastener testing. It will also review state-of-the-art methods being considered elsewhere and some additional testing being conducted. Using the testing results researched here, there will be recommendations on applications for each of these types of methods going forward.

Ryan Ogilvie↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Next-Generation Hard X-ray Missions: SuperHERO and HEROIX

High-energy X-ray observations have transformed our understanding of astrophysical systems where non-thermal processes dominate, from shock-accelerated particles in supernova remnants to relativistic jets and hot coronae in active galactic nuclei. NuSTAR’s pioneering focusing images of the hard X-ray sky have demonstrated the immense scientific potential of this band, while also highlighting how limited angular resolution constrains our ability to fully characterize complex physical processes in faint extended sources and resolving faint sources in crowded sky regions. In this presentation, I will discuss a pathway to overcome these challenges through NASA Marshall Space Flight Center’s replicated NiCo full-shell X-ray mirror technology. Specifically, I will discuss the SuperHERO hard X-ray telescope to achieve better than 10-arcsecond half-power diameter (HPD) angular resolution on a balloon flight observing the Crab Nebula, and the High EneRgy Observatory for Imaging X-rays (HEROIX) Medium-Class Mission concept to achieve an integrated effective area of 570 cm2 at 30 keV with 5 arcsec HPD angular resolution.

AGN↗
NASA NTRS1992

Automated Resupply of Consumables: Enhancement of Space Commercialization Opportunities

This paper addresses work performed at Rockwell International's Space Systems Division to investigate the feasibility of, and develop concepts for, automated and/or robotic resupply of consumables on orbit. The work focuses on the resupply of satellites and is described in five sections. First, the various problems relating the resupply on orbit are discussed: for example, economic concerns, fuel handling problems, and safety issues. Next major methods of effecting fuel transfer on orbit are summarized, together with their advantages and disadvantages. Direct fuel exchange is emphasized as the most feasible technique. Third, guidelines are developed for automated/robotic refueling mechanisms to accomplish on-orbit consumable resupply. For example, the guidelines cover safety, reliability, maintainability, alignment, induced loads, thermal protection, leaks, extravehicular activity (EVA) interface, and so on. The fourth part of the paper covers the development of design concepts for satellite resupply robotic interfaces that comply with the guidelines. Concepts include servicer fluid transfer system and satellite propulsion system, and a combined docking/umbilical device. Last, future technical development in these areas are discussed.

Davoud Manouchehri↗
NASA NTRS2003

A High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Data Base for Selected Materials Tested at NASA Glenn Research Center

The cyclic oxidation test results for some 1000 high temperature commercial and experimental alloys have been collected in an EXCEL database. This database represents over thirty years of research at NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The data is in the form of a series of runs of specific weight change versus time values for a set of samples tested at a given temperature, cycle time, and exposure time. Included on each run is a set of embedded plots of the critical data. The nature of the data is discussed along with analysis of the cyclic oxidation process. In addition examples are given as to how a set of results can be analyzed. The data is assembled on a read-only compact disk which is available on request from Materials Durability Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

Scale Spalling Models↗