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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 289 records · Page 16
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Synthesis Methods for Nanoparticle Morphology Control in Energy Applications

Lightweight nano-composite materials, nano-coatings, nanocatalysts, nano-structured materials have demonstrated an ability to reduce emissions and maximize clean energy production. Nanoparticles play an important role in engineering and decarbonization for energy applications, and a wide range of nanoparticle synthesis methods have been developed to include those that enable control over particle morphology. The ability to control nanoparticle morphology allows the tailoring and improvement of material properties that will accelerate efforts towards lowering carbon emissions by developing advanced catalysts for carbon sequestration and will enhance energy efficient processes and technologies. Synthesis methods aimed towards shape control of nanoparticles have demonstrated an ability to form spheres, rods, flower-like shapes, cubes, plates, shells, and chiral geometries. Processing methods used to form these morphologies include microwave assisted synthesis, solvothermal, hydrothermal, and a wide range of capping agents. A discussion of a few of these methods is given along with results and applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Kinetics and Reactor Modeling of VFA Ketonization for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

Ketonization of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced via arrested methanogenesis of wet waste represents the only unit operation of wet waste upgrading to sustainable (net-zero or negative life cycle CO2 emissions) aviation fuel not currently in industrial practice. Ketone product yields of close to 100% have been obtained during gas-phase reactions of VFAs over oxide catalysts at the laboratory scale, but design of an industrial ketonization reactor requires understanding of the impacts of reactant and product partial pressures, deactivation, and heat and mass transport phenomena on observed ketonization rates. Our work leverages rigorous kinetic analysis of ketonization processes to inform reactor scale-up efforts through packed-bed reactor modeling. We first present results of a kinetic study of ketonization of a model VFA, hexanoic acid, over an industrial ZrO2 catalyst performed in a packed-bed microreactor in conditions free of significant heat or mass transfer gradients. Major findings of the analysis include: (i) hexanoic acid saturates all catalyst active sites at relatively low partial pressure (~10 kPa) and (ii) ketonization products 6-undecanone, water, and CO2 inhibit reaction rates. Kinetic data are used to fit a rate expression quantifying the functional dependence of ketonization rate on partial pressures of VFA reactants and ketone, water, and CO2 products. A packed-bed reactor model describing vapor-phase hexanoic acid ketonization over ZrO2 extrudate catalysts is developed based on the kinetic model. The effects of (i) bed- and pellet-scale mass- and heat-transfer limitations and (ii) axial pressure drop guide our development of recommendations for optimal sizing, temperature, and influent flow composition of an industrial-scale ketonization reactor. The quantitative understanding of VFA ketonization developed in this study represents an advance toward derisking the VFA ketonization step of wet waste upgrading to sustainable aviation fuel.

biojet↗
DOE OSTI2024

Ruthenium-lead oxide for acidic oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Developing an active and stable anode catalyst for the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE) is a critical objective to enhance the economic viability of green hydrogen technology. However, the expensive iridium-based electrocatalyst remains the sole practical material with industrial-level stability for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Ruthenium-based catalysts have been proposed as more cost-effective alternatives with improved activity, though their stability requires enhancement. The current urgent goal is to reduce costs and noble metal loading of the OER catalyst while maintaining robust activity and stability. Here, in this study, we design a Ru-based OER catalyst incorporating Pb as a supporting element. This electrocatalyst exhibits an OER overpotential of 201 mV at 10 mA.cm -2 , simultaneously reducing Ru noble metal loading by similar to 40%. Normalization of the electrochemically active surface area unveils improved intrinsic activity compared to the pristine RuO 2 catalyst. During a practical stability test in a PEM-WE setup, our developed catalyst sustains stable performance over 300 h without notable degradation, underscoring its potential for future applications as a reliable anodic catalyst.

Electrocatalysis↗
DOE OSTI2019

Silver-Intermediated Perovskite La 0.9 FeO 3–δ toward High-Performance Cathode Catalysts for Nonaqueous Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

Development of efficient cathode catalysts is crucial for achieving high-performance rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries. Herein, a simple one-step electrospun method was applied to obtain a silver-modified perovskite La 0.9 FeO 3–δ (Ag@LFO) as an efficient cathode catalyst. The synthesized catalyst has two characteristics: first, the doping of Ag led to a tailored electronic structure including the generation of Fe 4+ ; second, the in situ grown Ag exhibits a stronger interaction with perovskite. These two advantages result in high oxygen adsorbability and increased percentage of highly active oxygen species. Furthermore, film-like Li 2 O 2 was observed during discharge on the Ag@LFO cathode, which is beneficial for decomposition during recharge, whereas Li 2 O 2 generated on the LFO cathode was largely toroidal. Density functional theory calculations were used to discuss the Li 2 O 2 growth mechanism. As a result, compared to La 0.9 FeO 3–δ and post-loading silver-decorated La 0.9 FeO 3–δ (Ag/LFO), Ag@LFO exhibits lower overpotential, improved rate-capability, higher discharge specific capacity, and especially promoted cycling performance that is triple that of LFO.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

A pair of metal organic framework (MOF)-derived oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for zinc-air batteries

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are amazing precursors for the development of functional catalysts due to their ability of being modified both structurally and in terms of composition. Here this work presents a pair of MOF - derived oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for the advancement of zinc-air batteries. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF) are known as ideal materials to create doped carbons. Combining with a sacrificial tellurium template, we have developed a “pseudo-carbon nanotube” with a ZIF-8 that is doped with a mixture of zinc, cobalt, and iron. The resulting mixed-metal doped porous carbon nanotubes (CoFeZn@pCNT) show excellent catalytic activity for ORR with a half-way ORR potential (E 1/2 ) of 0.87 V vs. RHE (reverse hydrogen electrode). Iridium-based catalysts are known as the best option for OER so far, but it is not viable for practical applications due to cost restrictions. Previous research into alternative catalysts has focused on metal oxides with first-row transition metals. Metal sulfides provide superior conductivity compared to metal oxides and are a new frontier in the search for affordable, active, and stable OER catalysts. By combining cobalt, iron, and nickel into a MOF structure (ZIF-67), followed by a sulfurization process, a MOF-derived mixed-metal sulfide catalyst (FeCoNi–S@ZIF) has been developed in this study. The resulting catalysts show an onset OER potential of 1.65 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm -2 and exhibit remarkable stability for the operation of zinc-air batteries.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS2011

Two Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Contaminant Gases

Two catalysts for the selective oxidation of trace amounts of contaminant gases in air have been developed for use aboard the International Space Station. These catalysts might also be useful for reducing concentrations of fumes in terrestrial industrial facilities especially facilities that use halocarbons as solvents, refrigerant liquids, and foaming agents, as well as facilities that generate or utilize ammonia. The first catalyst is of the supported-precious-metal type. This catalyst is highly active for the oxidation of halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and oxygenates at low concentrations in air. This catalyst is more active for the oxidation of hydrocarbons and halocarbons than are competing catalysts developed in recent years. This catalyst completely converts these airborne contaminant gases to carbon dioxide, water, and mineral acids that can be easily removed from the air, and does not make any chlorine gas in the process. The catalyst is thermally stable and is not poisoned by chlorine or fluorine atoms produced on its surface during the destruction of a halocarbon. In addition, the catalyst can selectively oxidize ammonia to nitrogen at a temperature between 200 and 260 C, without making nitrogen oxides, which are toxic. The temperature of 260 C is higher than the operational temperature of any other precious-metal catalyst that can selectively oxidize ammonia. The purpose of the platinum in this catalyst is to oxidize hydrocarbons and to ensure that the oxidation of halocarbons goes to completion. However, the platinum exhibits little or no activity for initiating the destruction of halocarbons. Instead, the attack on the halocarbons is initiated by the support. The support also provides a high surface area for exposure of the platinum. Moreover, the support resists deactivation or destruction by halogens released during the destruction of halocarbons. The second catalyst is of the supported- metal-oxide type. This catalyst can selectively oxidize ammonia to nitrogen at temperatures up to 400 C, without producing nitrogen oxides. This catalyst converts ammonia completely to nitrogen, even when the concentration of ammonia is very low. No other catalyst is known to oxidize ammonia selectively at such a high temperature and low concentration. Both the metal oxide and the support contribute to the activity and selectivity of this catalyst.

Wright, John D.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Catalysts by pyrolysis: Direct observation of chemical and morphological transformations leading to transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials

Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon materials (M-N-C catalysts) are promising electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and electrolyzer applications. High temperature treatment in inert atmosphere (pyrolysis) is the essential, most common method for the synthesis of M-N-C catalysts and critical to achieve high electrocatalytic activity and electronic conductivity. To this day, despite many uses and successful implementations in materials manufacturing, pyrolysis has been an entirely empirical technology, with process control and optimization relying exclusively on “Edisonian” approach. The knowledge gap in the mechanism about how the precursor is being transformed into catalysts hinders further development of the M-N-C catalysts regardless of the precursor class and processing protocols. In this work, we probed the morphological evolution and chemical transformation of a nitrogen-containing charge transfer organic salt, mixed with transition metal (iron) salt and amorphous silica powder (precursor) during the pyrolysis process via a combination of in situ synchrotron and laboratory-based diagnostic techniques. The pyrolysis process is found to be divided into three stages. During a controlled temperature ramp, the selected organic N-C precursor (nicarbazin) began melting and decomposing just below 400 °C, forming a certain number of micrometer-scale pores and pathways. With increase in temperature from 400 °C to 900 °C, amorphous carbon domains started forming, and reduced (metallic) iron nanoclusters appeared, being dispersed uniformly throughout the carbonaceous matrix. When temperature advanced above 900 °C, graphitization of carbon commenced, associated with appearance and evolution of atomically dispersed metal-nitrogen moieties in the carbonaceous matrix. As the graphitization advanced further, a secondary process of agglomeration of metal nanoparticles occurred. Multi-analytical technique observations conducted here provide a base for rational design and optimization of M-N-C electrocatalysts via pyrolysis.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Single-Doped and Multidoped Transition-Metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) ZnO and Their Electrocatalytic Activities for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the limiting half-reaction of fuel cells, which is mediated by using platinum-based catalysts. Hence, the development of low-cost, active ORR catalysts is highly required to make fuel cell technology commercially available. In this report, transition-metal (TM; Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) single-doped and multidoped (MD) ZnO nanocrystals (ZNs) were prepared for use as ORR catalysts using a simple precipitation method. The effects of single doping and multidoping on the structure, morphology, and properties of the TM-doped ZNs were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The XRD results reveal that synthesized ZnO samples retained a pure hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, even at high levels of multidoping (nominal 20%). SEM analyses show that the morphology of the prepared ZNs varies with the doping elements, doping mode, and amounts of doping. The observation of peak shifting and peak intensity changes in Raman studies confirms the presence of dopants in ZnO. The PL investigation reveals that the incorporation of dopants into the ZnO structure increases the oxygen vacancies within the materials. The highest oxygen vacancies were present in Mn-doped ZnO and 15% MD ZnO among the single-doped and MD samples, respectively. Linear-sweep voltammetry studies conclude that doped ZnO shows enhanced ORR activity compared to the undoped samples. The Mn-doped ZnO and 15% MD ZnO exhibited the highest ORR activity among the prepared single-doped and MD ZN samples, respectively. In comparison, single doping showed better ORR activity than the multidoping system. The enhanced ORR activity of the synthesized ZN materials correlates with the amount of oxygen vacancies present in the samples. Finally, the enhanced activity of TM-doped ZnO suggests that these materials can be used as potential, low-cost electrocatalysts for ORR in fuel cell technology.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Role of Hydrogen-bonded Bimolecular Formic Acid–Formate Complexes for Formic Acid Decomposition on Copper: A Combined First-Principles and Microkinetic Modeling Study

Hydrogen bonding interactions alter the nanoscale reaction mechanisms of many chemistries. Yet, it remains unclear how they affect heterogeneously catalyzed decomposition of formic acid (FA), a reaction of intense interest since FA is a promising hydrogen carrier. In this work, we elucidate how hydrogen bonding affects the reaction mechanisms for FA decomposition on Cu(111) by combining first-principles density functional theory calculations to calculate reaction energetics, Latin-hypercube sampling to elucidate stable high-coverage adsorbate configurations, and coverage self-consistent mean-field microkinetic models to predict reaction kinetics. We demonstrate that hydrogen-bonded complexes of FA with formate (bimolecular FA–HCOO complexes) can play a dominant role in FA decomposition. Specifically, our first-principles calculations show that hydrogen bonding of FA with HCOO may stabilize the crucial monodentate HCOO intermediate and the transition states for HCOO decomposition, especially at low coverages. We predict that, depending on the reaction conditions, 40–80% of the reaction flux goes through pathways involving the bimolecular FA–HCOO complexes. Additionally, the active site for FA decomposition on Cu(111) involves a high coverage (~0.4 monolayers (ML)) of these complexes, which unexpectedly stabilize intermediates and transition states via van der Waals interactions. Our work provides molecular insights consistent with previous experimental observations on supported Cu/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. This paves the way toward the development of novel catalysts for FA decomposition as well as for other industrially important chemistries with intermediates capable of hydrogen bonding, such as ammonia electrooxidation and CO 2 hydrogenation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Oxygen Reduction at PtNi Alloys in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells—Electrode Development and Characterization

Catalyst layers made from novel catalysts must be fabricated in a way that the catalyst can function to its full potential. To characterize a PtNi alloy catalyst for use in the cathode of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs), the effects of the manufacturing technique, ink composition, layer composition, and catalyst loading were here studied in order to reach the maximum performance potential of the catalyst. For a more detailed understanding, beyond the DMFCs performance measurements, we look at the electrochemically active surface area of the catalyst and charge-transfer resistance, as well as the layer quality and ink properties, and relate them to the aspects stated above. As a result, we make catalyst layers with optimized parameters by ultrasonic spray coating that shows the high performance of the catalyst even when containing less Pt than commercial products. Using this approach, we can adjust the catalyst layers to the requirements of DMFCs, hydrogen fuel cells, or polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis cells.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
NASA NTRS1991

Ambient-temperature co-oxidation catalysts

Oxidation catalysts which operate at ambient temperature were developed for the recombination of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2) dissociation products which are formed during carbon dioxide (CO2) laser operation. Recombination of these products to regenerate CO2 allows continuous operation of CO2 lasers in a closed cycle mode. Development of these catalyst materials provides enabling technology for the operation of such lasers from space platforms or in ground based facilities without constant gas consumption required for continuous open cycle operation. Such catalysts also have other applications in various areas outside the laser community for removal of CO from other closed environments such as indoor air and as an ambient temperature catalytic converter for control of auto emissions.

Upchurch, Billy T.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development, characterization, and modeling of a high-performance Ru/B2CA catalyst for ammonia synthesis

This paper documents the development and performance of a nano-phase Ru catalyst on a (BaO) x (CaO) y (Al 2 O 3 ) support. Extensive screening of the support’s ternary composition shows the best stoichiometry is (BaO) 2 (CaO)(Al 2 O 3 ), denoted B2CA. The paper first describes catalyst preparation and characterization. The paper reports a detailed 12-step reaction mechanism that represents ammonia synthesis over wide ranges of temperature, pressure, space velocity, and feed composition. Additionally, the mechanism is developed and validated using results of packed-bed experiments. The elementary reaction pathways consider surface adsorbates, including catalyst-poisoning behaviors. The rate expressions include important coverage-dependent activation barriers. Machine learning models assist interpretation of the catalyst-support interactions. The detailed chemistry is much more predictive than is possible with global representations (N 2 + 3H 2 ⇌ 2NH 3 ). The validated models can be applied to assist optimizing reactor design and operating conditions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRS1987

Research on catalysts for long-life closed-cycle CO2 laser oaperation

Long-life, closed-cycle operation of pulsed CO2 lasers requires catalytic CO-O2 recombination both to remove O2, which is formed by discharge-induced CO2 decomposition, and to regenerate CO2. Platinum metal on a tin-oxide substrate (Pt/SnO2) has been found to be an effective catalyst for such recombination in the desired temperature range of 25 to 100 C. This paper presents a description of ongoing research at NASA-Langley on Pt/SnO2 catalyzed CO-O2 recombination. Included are studies with rare-isotope gases since rare-isotope CO2 is desirable as a laser gas for enhanced atmospheric transmission. Results presented include: (1) the effects of various catalyst pretreatment techniques on catalyst efficiency; (2) development of a technique, verified in a 30-hour test, to prevent isotopic scrambling when C(O-18) and (O-18)2 are reacted in the presence of a common-isotope Pt/Sn(O-16)2 catalyst; and (3) development of a mathematical model of a laser discharge prior to catalyst introduction.

Sidney, Barry D.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Balancing elementary steps enables coke-free dry reforming of methane

Balancing kinetics, a crucial priority in catalysis, is frequently achieved by sacrificing activity of elementary steps to suppress side reactions and enhance catalyst stability. Dry reforming of methane (DRM), a process operated at high temperature, usually involves fast C-H activation but sluggish carbon removal, resulting in coke deposition and catalyst deactivation. Studies focused solely on catalyst innovation are insufficient in addressing coke formation efficiently. Herein, we develop coke-free catalysts that balance kinetics of elementary steps for overall thermodynamics optimization. Beginning from a highly active cobalt aluminum oxide (CoAl 2 O 4 ) catalyst that is susceptible to severe coke formation, we substitute aluminum (Al) with gallium (Ga), reporting a CoAl 0.5 Ga 1.5 O 4 -R catalyst that performs DRM stably over 1000 hours without observable coke deposition. We find that Ga enhances DRM stability by suppressing C-H activation to balance carbon removal. A series of coke-free DRM catalysts are developed herein by partially substituting Al from CoAl 2 O 4 with other metals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Atomic Layer Deposition for Enhanced Reactivity, Stability, and Sulfur Tolerance of Hydrogenation Catalysts

Heterogeneous catalysts are an essential tool in the transition towards a sustainable, bio-based economy for fuels and chemicals. However, many key biomass conversion processes utilize harsh conditions that lead to nanoparticle sintering, support collapse, and metal leaching in conventional PGM catalysts. Active site poisoning resulting from the relatively high sulfur content of most biomass feedstocks further compounds these durability problems. Next-generation catalysts must be developed to address these stability challenges. In this work, we have used atomic layer deposition (ALD), to modify a conventional Pd/Al2O3 hydrogenation catalyst and generate improvements in its stability and sulfur tolerance, as well as overall catalyst activity. Ten cycles of TiO2ALD were applied to Pd/Al2O3 using a proprietary coating process developed by industry partners. The coated catalyst (10cTiO2), alongside uncoated Pd/TiO2 and Pd/Al2O3 controls, was characterized in-depth and naphthalene hydrogenation was used as a probe reaction to assess activity. The 10cTiO2 catalyst was observed to be significantly more active towards hydrogenation than uncoated Pd/Al2O3, despite evidence that the ALD coating suppressed chemisorption uptake through coverage of Pd. In order to reconcile these seemingly contradictory findings, interactions between the Pd nanoparticles and TiO2ALD coating were investigated via XAS and computational modeling. The catalysts were also assessed for their sulfur tolerance, thermal stability, and hydrothermal stability. Each of these catalyst stability parameters was enhanced by application of the TiO2ALD layer; the mechanisms by which the layer may have mitigated these degradation processes will be discussed. ALD technology holds great potential in the development of next-generation catalysts for biofuels and bioproducts and this work constitutes an important examination of the expected and unexpected benefits of applying TiO2ALD coatings to supported Pd hydrogenation catalysts.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
NASA NTRS2012

Visible Light Responsive Catalysts Using Quantum Dot-Modified Ti02 for Air and Water Purification

The method of photocatalysis utilizing titanium dioxide, TiO2, as the catalyst has been widely studied for trace contaminant control for both air and water applications because of its low energy consumption and use of a regenerable catalyst. Titanium dioxide requires ultraviolet light for activation due to its band gap energy of 3.2 eV. Traditionally, Hg-vapor fluorescent light sources are used in PCO reactors and are a setback for the technology for space application due to the possibility of Hg contamination. The development of a visible light responsive (VLR) TiO2-based catalyst could lead to the use of solar energy in the visible region (approx.45% of the solar spectrum lies in the visible region; > 400 nm) or highly efficient LEDs (with wavelengths > 400 nm) to make PCO approaches more efficient, economical, and safe. Though VLR catalyst development has been an active area of research for the past two decades, there are few commercially available VLR catalysts; those that are available still have poor activity in the visible region compared to that in the UV region. Thus, this study was aimed at the further development of VLR catalysts by a new method - coupling of quantum dots (QD) of a narrow band gap semiconductor (e.g., CdS, CdSe, PbS, ZnSe, etc.) to the TiO2 by two preparation methods: 1) photodeposition and 2) mechanical alloying using a high-speed ball mill. A library of catalysts was developed and screened for gas and aqueous phase applications, using ethanol and 4-chlorophenol as the target contaminants, respectively. Both target compounds are well studied in photocatalytic systems serve as model contaminants for this research. Synthesized catalysts were compared in terms of preparation method, type of quantum dots, and dosage of quantum dots.

Coutts, Janelle L.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Atomic Layer Deposition for Improved Biomass Conversion Catalysts

Heterogeneous catalysts are a key enabler of the transition towards a sustainable, bio-based economy for fuels and chemicals. However, the harsh conditions in many biomass conversion processes lead to nanoparticle sintering, support collapse, and metal leaching in conventional PGM catalysts. Next-generation catalysts must be developed to address these stability challenges. This presentation will discuss ongoing work between the Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center at NREL and various industrial partners to develop scalable, cost-effective atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings for improving the performance of biomass conversion catalysts. Substantial focus will be devoted to the benefits of TiO2 ALD coatings on supported Pd hydrogenation catalysts. Ten cycles of TiO2 ALD were found to dramatically improve the activity of a conventional Pd/Al2O3 catalyst towards aromatic hydrogenation, despite partial coverage of the Pd sites by the ALD layer. Subsequent advanced characterization and atomic-scale computational modeling revealed that the ALD coating influenced the adsorption strength of hydrogenation surface intermediates in unexpected ways, leading to higher reaction rates. Reaction testing after exposure to sulfur impurities, high temperature oxidation, and hydrothermal treatment demonstrated the improved stability of the ALD-coated catalyst. Additionally, the ALD synthesis process was found to be scalable over two orders of magnitude with minimal deviation in synthesized catalyst properties. These results were contextualized with cost models of industrial ALD coating and aromatic hydrogenation processes to further refine the value proposition of ALD coatings. Given the demonstrated improvements in hydrogenation, TiO2 ALD coatings have also been applied to supported Pt catalysts for use in other biomass conversion reactions, such as hydrodeoxygenation for production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and the oxidation of glucose for bio-derived gluconic acid. Recent findings from these experimental campaigns will also be shared. ALD technology holds great potential in the development of next-generation catalysts for biofuels and bioproducts and this work constitutes an important examination of the impact of ALD coatings in a variety of reaction environments.

bioenergy↗