Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “BENDING”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Defect formation and bending properties in graphite under He atom implantation investigated by molecular dynamics method

The formation and evolution of radiation defects and their effects on bending property of a single graphite under low energy helium atom implantation have been studied at atomic scale through molecular dynamics simulations. Various simple interstitial and vacancy defects are observed during the implantation process, which is a function of incident energy and cross section of helium-carbon interaction. Large defects are observed after continuous helium atom implantations. The effects of incident energy on the density, size and distribution of defects are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the kinetic evolution process of radiation defects at different annealing temperatures have also been simulated, including the migration, aggregation, transformation, coalescence, and self-healing. Here, the large defect clusters, crossing several carbon layers, have been confirmed to be the primary reasons that affect the bending property of graphite. All these results provide a new understanding for further applications of graphite in nuclear reactors.

Atomic implantation↗
DOE OSTI2015

Bond-bending isomerism of Au 2 I 3 - : Competition between covalent bonding and aurophilicity

We report a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical investigation of the gaseous Au 2 I 3 – cluster, which is found to exhibit two types of isomers due to competition between Au–I covalent bonding and Au–Au aurophilic interactions. The covalent bonding favors a bent IAuIAuI – structure with an obtuse Au–I–Au angle (100.7°), while aurophilic interactions pull the two Au atoms much closer, leading to an acutely bent structure (72.0°) with an Au–Au distance of 3.08 Å. The two isomers are separated by a small barrier and are nearly degenerate with the obtuse isomer being slightly more stable. At low temperature, only the obtuse isomer is observed; distinct experimental evidence is observed for the co-existence of a combination of isomers with both acute and obtuse bending angles at room temperature. As a result, the two bond-bending isomers of Au 2 I 3 – reveal a unique example of one molecule being able to oscillate between different structures as a result of two competing chemical forces.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Origin of bending in uncoated microcantilever - Surface topography?

We provide direct experimental evidence to show that difference in surface topography on opposite sides of an uncoated microcantilever induces bending, upon exposure to water molecules. Examination on opposite sides of the microcantilever by atomic force microscopy reveals the presence of localized surface features on one side, which renders the induced stress non-uniform. Further, the root mean square inclination angle characterizing the surface topography shows a difference of 73° between the opposite sides. The absence of deflection in another uncoated microcantilever having similar surface topography confirms that in former microcantilever bending is indeed induced by differences in surface topography.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Numerical analysis of sandwich beam with corrugated core under three-point bending

The strength problem of sandwich beam with corrugated core under three-point bending is presented.The beam are made of steel and formed by three mutually orthogonal corrugated layers. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the sandwich beam is performed with the use of the FEM system - ABAQUS. The relationship between the applied load and deflection in three-point bending is considered.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Three-point bending analysis of doubly clamped silicon nanowire beams; Young's modulus, initial stress, and crystal orientation

A non-linear model is introduced describing the force-deflection relation of doubly clamped beams, including initial stress. Several approximations for the exact model are developed and compared, revealing the importance of considering the initial stress during 3-point bending measurements analysis. A novel approximation is found to be better than others, and both the exact model and this approximation are in perfect agreement with finite element simulations. A brief experimental example of silicon nanowires is presented in which the Young's modulus, the initial stress, and the crystallographic growth orientation are extracted by 3-point bending analysis.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Deterministic switching of a magnetoelastic single-domain nano-ellipse using bending

In this paper, a fully coupled analytical model between elastodynamics with micromagnetics is used to study the switching energies using voltage induced mechanical bending of a magnetoelastic bit. The bit consists of a single domain magnetoelastic nano-ellipse deposited on a thin film piezoelectric thin film (500 nm) attached to a thick substrate (0.5 mm) with patterned electrodes underneath the nano-dot. A voltage applied to the electrodes produces out of plane deformation with bending moments induced in the magnetoelastic bit modifying the magnetic anisotropy. To minimize the energy, two design stages are used. In the first stage, the geometry and bias field (H{sub b}) of the bit are optimized to minimize the strain energy required to rotate between two stable states. In the second stage, the bit's geometry is fixed, and the electrode position and control mechanism is optimized. The electrical energy input is about 200 (aJ) which is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than spin transfer torque approaches.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extending the capillary wave model to include the effect of bending rigidity: X-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering

The surface roughness of a thin film at a liquid interface exhibits contributions of thermally excited fluctuations. This thermal roughness depends on temperature (𝑇), surface tension (𝛾), and elastic material properties, specifically the bending modulus (𝜅) of the film. A nonzero 𝜅 suppresses the thermal roughness at small length scales compared to an interface with zero 𝜅, as expressed by the power spectral density of the thermal roughness. The description of the x-ray scattering of the standard capillary wave model (CWM), which is valid for zero 𝜅, is extended to include the effect of 𝜅. The extended CWM (eCWM) provides a single analytical form for both the specular x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and the diffuse scattering around the specular reflection, and recovers the expression of the CWM at its zero 𝜅 limit. This theoretical approach enables the use of single-shot grazing incidence x-ray off-specular scattering (GIXOS) measurements for characterizing the structure of thin films on a liquid surface. The eCWM analysis approach decouples the thermal roughness factor from the surface scattering signal, providing direct access to the intrinsic surface-normal structure of the film and its bending modulus. Moreover, the eCWM facilitates the calculation of reflectivity at any desired resolution (pseudo-XRR approach). The transformation into pseudo-XRR provides the benefit of using widely available XRR software to perform GIXOS analysis. The extended range of the vertical scattering vector (𝑄 𝑧 ) available with the GIXOS pseudo-XRR approach allows for a higher spatial resolution than with conventional XRR. Experimental results are presented for various lipid systems, showing strong agreement between conventional specular XRR and pseudo-XRR methods. This agreement validates the proposed approach and highlights its utility for analyzing soft, thin films.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Reinforced Concrete Fracture Diagnostics under Conditions of Bending by Parameters of the Electric Response to an Impact Action

Regularities of changes in the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete in the process of testing for four-point bending have been studied. The change in characteristics of the electric response to an impact action in the process of a sequential increase in the external load has been analyzed. Regularities in the relation between parameters of the electric response to the impact action and stages of the stress-strain state of reinforced beams in the process of bending have been revealed. Criteria of determining stages of reinforced beam destruction by parameters of the electric response are proposed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Reversal bending fatigue test system for investigating vibration integrity of spent nuclear fuel during transportation

Transportation packages for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) must meet safety requirements under normal and accident conditions as specified by federal regulations. During transportation, SNF experiences unique conditions and challenges to cladding integrity due to the vibrational and impact loading during road or rail shipment. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been developing testing capabilities that can be used to improve the understanding of the impacts on SNF integrity due to vibration loading, especially for high burn-up SNF in normal transportation operation conditions. This information can be used to meet the nuclear industry and U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission needs in the area of safety and security of SNF storage and transportation operations. The ORNL developed test system can perform reversal bending fatigue testing to evaluate both the static and dynamic mechanical response of SNF rods under simulated loads. The testing apparatus is also designed to meet the challenges of hot cell operation, including remote installation and detachment of the SNF test specimen, in situ test specimen deformation measurement, and implementation of a driving system suitable for use in a hot cell. The system contains a U frame set-up equipped with uniquely designed grip rigs to protect the SNF rod sample and to ensure valid test results, and uses three specially designed linear variable differential transformers to obtain the in situ curvature measurement. A variety of surrogate test rods have been used to develop and calibrate the test system as well as in performing a series of systematic cyclic fatigue tests. The surrogate rods include stainless steel (SS) cladding, SS cladding with cast epoxy and SS cladding with alumina pellet inserts simulating fuel pellets. Testing to date has shown that the interface bonding between the SS cladding and the alumina pellets has a significant impact on the bending response of the test rods as well as their fatigue strength. The failure behaviours observed from tested surrogate rods provide a fundamental understanding of the underlying failure mechanisms of the SNF surrogate rod under vibration,which has not been achieved previously. The newly developed device is scheduled to be installed in the hot cell in summer 2013 to test high burn-up SNF.

high burn up fuel↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experiment and simulation study on unidirectional carbon fiber composite component under dynamic 3 point bending loading

In current work, unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber composite hatsection component with two different layups are studied under dynamic 3 point bending loading. The experiments are performed at various impact velocities, and the effects of impactor velocity and layup on acceleration histories are compared. A macro model is established with LS-Dyna for more detailed study. The simulation results show that the delamination plays an important role during dynamic 3 point bending test. Based on the analysis with high speed camera, the sidewall of hatsection shows significant buckling rather than failure. Without considering the delamination, current material model cannot capture the post failure phenomenon correctly. The sidewall delamination is modeled by assumption of larger failure strain together with slim parameters, and the simulation results of different impact velocities and layups match the experimental results reasonable well.

Dynamic 3 point bending, UD CFRP composite, simula↗
NASA NTRS1937

Bending Tests of Circular Cylinders of Corrugated Aluminum-alloy Sheet

Bending tests were made of two circular cylinders of corrugated aluminum-alloy sheet. In each test failure occurred by bending of the corrugations in a plane normal to the skin. It was found, after analysis of the effect of short end bays, that the computed stress on the extreme fiber of a corrugated cylinder is in excess of that for a flat panel of the same basic pattern and panel length tested as a pin-ended column. It is concluded that this increased strength was due to the effects of curvature of the pitch line. It is also concluded from the tests that light bulkheads closely spaced strengthen corrugated cylinders very materially.

STRESSED SKIN - CYLINDERS, CIRCULAR - BENDING↗
NASA NTRS1943

The Strength of Thin-wall Cylinders of D Cross Section in Combined Pure Bending and Torsion

The results of tests of 56 cylinders of D cross section conducted in the Aeronautical Laboratory of the University of Maryland are presented in this report. These cylinders were subjected to pure bending and torsional moments of varying proportions to give the strength under combined loading conditions. The average buckling stress of these cylinders has been related to that of circumscribing circular cylinders for conditions of pure torsion and pure bending and the equation of the interaction curve has been determined for conditions of combined loading.

CYLINDERS, CIRCULAR - BUCKLING↗
NASA NTRS1938

Some Investigations of the General Instability of Stiffened Metal Cylinders V : Stiffened Metal Cylinders Subjected to Pure Bending

This report summarizes the work that has been carried on in the experimental investigation of the problem of general instability of stiffened metal cylinders subjected to pure bending at the C.I.T. This part of the investigation included tests of 46 sheet-covered specimens. The most significant result was the determination of a new design parameter for the case of a stiffened metal cylinder subjected to pure bending.

LOADS-CYLINDERS, MONOCOQUE↗
NASA NTRS1951

Torsion and bending of prismatic rods of hollow rectangular section

The torsion and bending of hollow rectangular beams was investigated without the requirement that wall thickness be small compared with the transverse dimensions. The limits of applicability of the usual Bredt formula are indicated for the case of a square hollow tube in torsion. Formulas are given for bending stresses at different parts of the cross section of a hollow rectangular beam.

BOXES, STRUCTURAL↗
NASA NTRS2004

Characterization of bending EAP beams

Electroactive polymers are attractive actuation materials because of their large deformation, flexibility, and lightweight. A CCD camera system was constructed to record the curved shapes of bending during the activation of EAP films and image-processing software was developed to digitize the bending curves. A computer program was developed to solve the invese problem of cantilever EAP beams with tip position limiter. using the developed program and acquired curves without tip position limiter as well as the corresponding tip force, the EAP material properties of voltage-strain sensitivity and Young's modulus were determined.

large deformation↗
DOE OSTI2022

Intrinsically Chiral Twist‐Bend Nematogens: Interplay of Molecular and Structural Chirality in the N TB Phase

Abstract Non‐symmetric lactate‐based chiral liquid crystal dimers containing an odd‐membered spacer are shown to exhibit a chiral twist‐bend nematic phase which is stable on cooling to room temperature. A comparison of racemic and optically pure materials reveals that the pitch length in the N* TB phase is not influenced by molecular chirality, whereas the nematic‐twist‐bend nematic transition temperature is increased.

Chemistry↗
DOE OSTI2017

Determination of the Most Likely Wear Zones of Pipe Bends in the Pulsed Pneumatic Conveyor at the RT-1 Plant

The results of an experimental investigation and numerical modeling of the most likely high-wear zones in 90° pipeline bends in the pulsed pneumatic conveyor system at the RT-1 plant of the Mayak Industrial Association are presented. The experimental studies were conducted on a model of a pulsed pneumatic conveyor system; the numerical modeling of the gas-dynamic flow in the pipeline channel was performed in a model of a two-dimensional non-stationary motion of a compressible medium. It was found on the basis of the experimental results obtained using the model and numerical modeling in the homogeneous approximation that local regions with high wear of walls in the 90° pipe bends in the pulsed pneumatic conveyor do indeed exist and their experimentally found positions agree with the calculations.

42 ENGINEERING↗