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DOE OSTI · 3380667

Degradation Dynamics of Perovskite Solar Cells Under Fixed Reverse-Current Injection

Jiang, Fangyuan [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:000000027987547X)·Koizumi, Haruka [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)]·Contreras, Hannah [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000221112250)·Giridharagopal, Rajiv [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:000000016076852X)·Dasgupta, Akash [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)]·Huang, Zixu [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000464322612)·DeCrescent, Ryan A. [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)]·Fremouw, Kell [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)]·McGehee, Michael D. [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000196099030)·Armstrong, Neal R. [University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)]·Ginger, David S. [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297595447)
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Abstract

Previous studies of reverse-bias stability in perovskite solar cells have focused primarily on voltage-controlled tests. Here we instead investigate perovskite solar cell degradation under well-defined, constant reverse-current stress. We show that the choice of hole-transport layer dictates the dominant degradation pathway: cells using thick poly(triphenylamine) (PTAA) layers can tolerate high reverse bias but quickly undergo catastrophic breakdown under fixed reverse current near their one-sun maximum power-point. In contrast, cells modified with phosphonic-acid interface layer MeO-2PACz, with poorer indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) coverage compared to PTAA, exhibit gradual and recoverable degradation under certain stress and recovery conditions. For MeO-2PACz devices, degradation increases with both current magnitude and duration. Importantly, when normalized by injected charge (current times duration), lower currents applied over longer times cause more degradation than higher currents over shorter periods. Here, combining electrical measurements with spatially resolved photoluminescence imaging, our observations support an ion- and charge-mediated interfacial electrochemical degradation mode.

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DegradationLayersPerovskitesSolar cellsStability

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Jiang, Fangyuan [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:000000027987547X), Koizumi, Haruka [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)], Contreras, Hannah [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000221112250), Giridharagopal, Rajiv [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:000000016076852X), Dasgupta, Akash [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)], Huang, Zixu [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0009000464322612), DeCrescent, Ryan A. [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)], Fremouw, Kell [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)], McGehee, Michael D. [University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000196099030), Armstrong, Neal R. [University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)], Ginger, David S. [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)] (ORCID:0000000297595447). 2026-06-15. Degradation Dynamics of Perovskite Solar Cells Under Fixed Reverse-Current Injection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c00904

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DOE OSTI2025

Evolved Gas Analysis–Mass Spectrometry Exposes Polymer Network Structures

Polymer network structures in epoxy thermosets play an important role in the final thermoset material properties. However, analytical characterization of these network structures is difficult due to their amorphous nature. In this work, the application of evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) to characterize the polymer network structures of bisphenol A (BPA)-based thermosets is demonstrated. Analytical characterization of the polymer network structures is accomplished by monitoring the Product-Specific Kinetics (PSK) of BPA monomer formation during thermal degradation investigations. We relate observed differences in the activation energy (E a ) of BPA monomer formation to the local packing environment around the BPA monomer units within the polymer network. Variations in the local environment related to the polymer networks manifest qualitatively as broadening in the thermal profile of the BPA monomer evolution and quantitatively as changes in the activation energy (E a ). Three BPA thermoset formulations were investigated; two amine-cured thermoset with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) or poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-amino-propyl ether) (PPG400) and a homopolymerized thermoset via curing with Epikure 3253 catalyst (3253). Results revealed that the 3253 thermoset contained two distinct packing densities in the polymer network, while DDM and PPG400 thermosets had uniform distributions of packing densities. Results from the DDM thermoset revealed a gradually decreasing E a , while the apparent E a of PPG400 was consistent over the entire degradation. Furthermore, these differences in E a were concluded to stem from the flexibility of the corresponding polymer networks and the ability of the network components to rearrange and occupy formed voids. Due to the minimal sample required for analysis (100–200 μg), this EGA-MS technique has great potential for postproduction evaluation of composite parts to identify changes in the polymer networks from use and aging, which could signal compromised performance.

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