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Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions

Hayrapetyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute]·Makarenko, V. [Yerevan Physics Institute] (ORCID:0000000284068605)·Tumasyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute] (ORCID:0009000006846742)·Adam, W. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000190994341)·Benato, L. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000151357489)·Bergauer, T. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000257860293)·Dragicevic, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000319676783)·Giordano, C. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik]·Hussain, P. S. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000248255278)·Jeitler, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000251419560)·Krammer, N. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000205480985)·Li, A. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:000000024547116X)·Liko, D. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:000000023380473X)·Matthewman, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik]·Schieck, J. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000210588093)·Schöfbeck, R. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000223328784)·Shooshtari, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0009000488824887)·Sonawane, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000305107010)·Waltenberger, W. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000262157228)·Wulz, C.-E. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000192265812)·Janssen, T. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000239984081)·Kwon, H. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0009000251655018)·Ocampo Henao, D. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000197593452)·Van Laer, T. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000177762108)·Van Mechelen, P. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000287319051)·Bierkens, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000208753977)·Breugelmans, N. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel]·D’Hondt, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000295986241)·Dansana, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000277527471)·De Moor, A. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000159641935)·Delcourt, M. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000182061787)·Heyen, F. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel]·Hong, Y. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000347522458)·Kashko, P. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000270507152)·Lowette, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000339849987)·Makarenko, I. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000285534508)·Müller, D. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000217524527)·Song, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000327315881)·Tavernier, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000267929522)·Tytgat, M. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000239902074)·Van Onsem, G. P. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000216642337)·Van Putte, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000315593606)·Vannerom, D. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000227475095)·Bilin, B. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000314397128)·Clerbaux, B. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000185478211)·Das, A. K. [Université Libre de Bruxelles]·De Bruyn, I. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000317044360)·De Lentdecker, G. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000151247693)·Evard, H. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000550391462)·Favart, L. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000316457454)·Gianneios, P. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000372330738)·Khalilzadeh, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles]·Khan, F. A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:000900022039277X)·Malara, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000186459282)·Shahzad, M. A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles]·Sharma, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000252951460)·Thomas, L. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000227563853)·Vanden Bemden, M. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000077257945)·Vander Velde, C. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000333927294)·Vanlaer, P. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000279314496)·Zhang, F. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000261582468)·De Coen, M. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000258547442)·Dobur, D. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000300124866)·Gokbulut, G. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000201756454)·Marckx, D. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000167522290)·Skovpen, K. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000211600621)·Tomaru, A. M. [Ghent University]·Van Den Bossche, N. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000329734991)·van der Linden, J. [Ghent University] (ORCID:000000027174781X)·Vandenbroeck, J. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0009000461413404)·Wezenbeek, L. [Ghent University] (ORCID:000000016952891X)·Aarup Petersen, H. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0009000564827466)·Bein, S. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000193877407)·Benecke, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000302523609)·Bethani, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000281507043)·Bruno, G. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000188578197)·Cappati, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000343860564)·De Favereau De Jeneret, J. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000317758574)·Delaere, C. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000187076021)·Gameiro Casalinho, F. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0009000753126271)·Giammanco, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000196408294)·Guzel, A. O. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000294045933)·Lemaitre, V. [Université Catholique de Louvain]·Lidrych, J. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000314390196)·Malek, P. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000331839741)·Mastrapasqua, P. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000220432367)·Turkcapar, S. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000326080494)·Alves, G. A. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000283691446)·Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000339040571)·Coelho, E. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000161149907)·Hensel, C. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000188747624)·Matos Figueiredo, D. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000325146930)·Menezes De Oliveira, T. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0009000947298354)·Mora Herrera, C. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000339153170)·Rebello Teles, P. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000190298506)·Soeiro, M. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000247676468)·Tonelli Manganote, E. J. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000324598521)·Vilela Pereira, A. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000331774626)·Aldá Júnior, W. L. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro] (ORCID:0000000158559817)·Brandao Malbouisson, H. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro] (ORCID:000000021326318X)
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Abstract

A hot and dense state of nuclear matter, known as the quark-gluon plasma, is created in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei. Highly energetic quarks and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, lose energy as they travel through this matter, leading to suppressed production of particles with large transverse momenta (𝑝 T ). Conversely, high-𝑝 T particle suppression has not been seen in proton-lead collisions, raising questions regarding the minimum system size required to observe parton energy loss. Oxygen-oxygen (OO) collisions examine a region of effective system size that lies between these two extreme cases. The CMS detector at the CERN LHC has been used to quantify charged-particle production in inclusive OO collisions for the first time via measurements of the nuclear modification factor (𝑅 AA ). The 𝑅 AA is derived by comparing particle production to expectations based on proton-proton (𝑝⁢𝑝) data and has a value of unity in the absence of nuclear effects. The data for OO and 𝑝⁢𝑝 collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.36 TeV correspond to integrated luminosities of 6.1 nb −1 and 1.02 pb −1 , respectively. The 𝑅 AA is below unity with a minimum of 0.69 ± 0.04 around 𝑝 T = 6 GeV. The data exhibit better agreement with theoretical models incorporating parton energy loss as compared to baseline models without energy loss.

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FOS: Physical sciencesHadron collidersHigh Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)Jet quenchingNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)Quark-gluon plasmaRelativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Hayrapetyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute], Makarenko, V. [Yerevan Physics Institute] (ORCID:0000000284068605), Tumasyan, A. [Yerevan Physics Institute] (ORCID:0009000006846742), Adam, W. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000190994341), Benato, L. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000151357489), Bergauer, T. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000257860293), Dragicevic, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000319676783), Giordano, C. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik], Hussain, P. S. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000248255278), Jeitler, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000251419560), Krammer, N. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000205480985), Li, A. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:000000024547116X), Liko, D. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:000000023380473X), Matthewman, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik], Schieck, J. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000210588093), Schöfbeck, R. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000223328784), Shooshtari, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0009000488824887), Sonawane, M. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000305107010), Waltenberger, W. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000262157228), Wulz, C.-E. [Institut für Hochenergiephysik] (ORCID:0000000192265812), Janssen, T. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000239984081), Kwon, H. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0009000251655018), Ocampo Henao, D. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000197593452), Van Laer, T. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000177762108), Van Mechelen, P. [Universiteit Antwerpen] (ORCID:0000000287319051), Bierkens, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000208753977), Breugelmans, N. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel], D’Hondt, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000295986241), Dansana, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000277527471), De Moor, A. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000159641935), Delcourt, M. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000182061787), Heyen, F. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel], Hong, Y. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000347522458), Kashko, P. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000270507152), Lowette, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000339849987), Makarenko, I. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000285534508), Müller, D. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000217524527), Song, J. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000327315881), Tavernier, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000267929522), Tytgat, M. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000239902074), Van Onsem, G. P. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000216642337), Van Putte, S. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000315593606), Vannerom, D. [Vrije Universiteit Brussel] (ORCID:0000000227475095), Bilin, B. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000314397128), Clerbaux, B. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000185478211), Das, A. K. [Université Libre de Bruxelles], De Bruyn, I. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000317044360), De Lentdecker, G. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000151247693), Evard, H. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000550391462), Favart, L. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000316457454), Gianneios, P. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000372330738), Khalilzadeh, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles], Khan, F. A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:000900022039277X), Malara, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000186459282), Shahzad, M. A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles], Sharma, A. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000252951460), Thomas, L. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000227563853), Vanden Bemden, M. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0009000077257945), Vander Velde, C. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000333927294), Vanlaer, P. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000279314496), Zhang, F. [Université Libre de Bruxelles] (ORCID:0000000261582468), De Coen, M. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000258547442), Dobur, D. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000300124866), Gokbulut, G. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000201756454), Marckx, D. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000167522290), Skovpen, K. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000211600621), Tomaru, A. M. [Ghent University], Van Den Bossche, N. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0000000329734991), van der Linden, J. [Ghent University] (ORCID:000000027174781X), Vandenbroeck, J. [Ghent University] (ORCID:0009000461413404), Wezenbeek, L. [Ghent University] (ORCID:000000016952891X), Aarup Petersen, H. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0009000564827466), Bein, S. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000193877407), Benecke, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000302523609), Bethani, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000281507043), Bruno, G. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000188578197), Cappati, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000343860564), De Favereau De Jeneret, J. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000317758574), Delaere, C. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000187076021), Gameiro Casalinho, F. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0009000753126271), Giammanco, A. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000196408294), Guzel, A. O. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000294045933), Lemaitre, V. [Université Catholique de Louvain], Lidrych, J. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000314390196), Malek, P. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000331839741), Mastrapasqua, P. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000220432367), Turkcapar, S. [Université Catholique de Louvain] (ORCID:0000000326080494), Alves, G. A. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000283691446), Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000339040571), Coelho, E. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000161149907), Hensel, C. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000188747624), Matos Figueiredo, D. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000325146930), Menezes De Oliveira, T. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0009000947298354), Mora Herrera, C. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000339153170), Rebello Teles, P. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000190298506), Soeiro, M. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000247676468), Tonelli Manganote, E. J. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000324598521), Vilela Pereira, A. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas] (ORCID:0000000331774626), Aldá Júnior, W. L. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro] (ORCID:0000000158559817), Brandao Malbouisson, H. [Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro] (ORCID:000000021326318X). 2026-04-22. Observation of Suppressed Charged-Particle Production in Ultrarelativistic Oxygen-Oxygen Collisions. https://doi.org/10.1103/89sf-9t1x

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