DOE OSTI · 3011926
Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Abstract
Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.
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Acharya, S. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Bari (Italy). Sezione di Bari; ALICE Collaboration. et al.] (ORCID:0000000292135329), Agarwal, A. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute], Aglieri Rinella, G. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0000000296113696), Aglietta, L. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN] (ORCID:0009000307636802), Agnello, M. [Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN] (ORCID:0000000207605075), Agrawal, N. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN] (ORCID:0000000303489836), Ahammed, Z. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute] (ORCID:0000000152417412), Ahmad, S. [Aligarh Muslim University] (ORCID:0000000304975705), Ahn, S. U. [Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information] (ORCID:000000018847489X), Ahuja, I. [P.J. Šafárik University] (ORCID:0000000244171392), Akindinov, A. (ORCID:0000000273883022), Akishina, V. 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[Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa] (ORCID:0000000294136069), Beltran, Y. A. V. [Universidad Autónoma de Puebla] (ORCID:0009000282124789), Bencedi, G. [HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics] (ORCID:0000000290405292), Bensaoula, A. [University of Houston], Beole, S. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN] (ORCID:0000000346738038), Berdnikov, Y. (ORCID:0000000303095917), Berdnikova, A. [Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg] (ORCID:0000000337057898), Bergmann, L. [Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg] (ORCID:0009000455112496), Bernardinis, L. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN], Betev, L. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0000000213731844), Bhaduri, P. P. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute] (ORCID:0000000178833190), Bhasin, A. [University of Jammu] (ORCID:0000000236878179), Bhattacharjee, B. [Gauhati University, Department of Physics] (ORCID:0000000237550992). 2025-08-26. Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep08(2025)210
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