DOE OSTI · 2571875
Electromagnetic energy calibration of the SoLid detector with horizontal muons
Abstract
SoLid is a neutrino experiment at very-short baselinesearching for active-to-sterile oscillations of reactorantineutrinos. The detection principle is based on the pairing oftwo types of solid scintillators: polyvinyl toluene and $^{6}$Li:ZnS(Ag), which is a new technology used in this field ofPhysics. In addition to good neutron-gamma discrimination, thissetup allows the detector to be highly segmented; the basicdetection unit is a 5 cm cube. High segmentation provides numerousadvantages including precise localisation of the Inverse Beta Decay(IBD) products, the derivation of an antineutrino energy estimatorbased on the isolated positron energy, and a powerful backgroundreduction tool that relies on the topological signature of thesignal. Finally, the system is read out by a network ofwavelength-shifting fibres coupled to photosensors. A relativeelectromagnetic calibration is performed with horizontal cosmicmuons. This source poses the simplest calibration problem in which asingle detection unit is involved. In addition, large muon energydeposits allow us to perform a calibration at the most detailedlevel (i.e. per fibre) and to accurately define the fraction ofenergy escaping to neighbouring detection cells. A statisticalprecision at the sub-percent level is reached. The paper alsodiscusses two methods to calibrate the absolute energy scale andpresents their implementation and results. The first method relieson horizontal muons, though the precision is limited to around 10%because of the uncertainty in the energy distribution of suchmuons. A novel, alternative method based on the radioactiveamericium-beryllium source is proposed. It takes advantage of theelectron-positron pair-production process and provides a calibrationpoint at 3.4 MeV (i.e. in the core of the IBD positronspectrum). The paper is concluded with various cross-check includinga determination of the energy spectrum of the standard cosmogenicbackground candle: $^{12}$B.
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Abreu, Y. [Antwerp U.], Amhis, Y. [IJCLab, Orsay], Arnold, L. [U. Bristol (main)], Barber, G. [Imperial Coll., London], Beaumont, W. [Antwerp U.], Binet, S. [LPC, Clermont-Ferrand], Bolognino, I. [Adelaide U.], Bongrand, M. [IJCLab, Orsay], Borg, J. [Imperial Coll., London], Boursette, D. [IJCLab, Orsay], Buridon, V. [Caen U.], Castle, B. C. [Oxford U.], Chanal, H. [LPC, Clermont-Ferrand] (ORCID:0000000187525341), Clark, K. [U. Bristol (main)], Coupé, B. [SCK-CEN, Mol], Crochet, P. [LPC, Clermont-Ferrand], Cussans, D. [U. Bristol (main)], D'Hondt, J. [Brussels U., IIHE], Durand, D. [Caen U.], Durkin, T. [Rutherford], Fallot, M. [SUBATECH, Nantes], Galbinski, D. [Caen U.], Gallego, S. [Mainz U.], Ghys, L. [SCK-CEN, Mol], Giot, L. [SUBATECH, Nantes], Graves, K. [Imperial Coll., London], Guillon, B. [Caen U.], Hayashida, S. [King's Coll. London (main)], Henaff, D. [SUBATECH, Nantes], Hosseini, B. [Imperial Coll., London], Jenzer, S. [IJCLab, Orsay], Kalcheva, S. [SCK-CEN, Mol], Kalousis, L. N. [Brussels U., IIHE], Keloth, R. [Brussels U., IIHE], Koch, L. [Oxford U.; Mainz U.], Labare, M. [U. Gent (main)], Lehaut, G. [Caen U.], Manley, S. [U. Bristol (main)], Manzanillas, L. [IJCLab, Orsay], Mermans, J. [SCK-CEN, Mol], Michiels, I. [U. Gent (main)], Monteil, S. [LPC, Clermont-Ferrand] (ORCID:0000000150153353), Moortgat, C. [U. Gent (main); SCK-CEN, Mol], Newbold, D. [U. Bristol (main); Rutherford], Pestel, V. [Caen U.], Petridis, K. [U. Bristol (main)], Piñera, I. [Antwerp U.], Popescu, L. [SCK-CEN, Mol], De Roeck, A. [Antwerp U.; CERN], Roy, N. [IJCLab, Orsay], Ryckbosch, D. [U. Gent (main)], Ryder, N. [Oxford U.], Saunders, D. [U. Bristol (main)], Schune, M.-H. [IJCLab, Orsay], Settimo, M. [SUBATECH, Nantes], Sfar, H. Rejeb [Antwerp U.], Simard, L. [IJCLab, Orsay; IUF, Paris], Vacheret, A. [Caen U.], Vandierendonck, G. [U. Gent (main)], Van Dyck, S. [SCK-CEN, Mol], Van Mulders, P. [Brussels U., IIHE], van Remortel, N. [Antwerp U.], Vercaemer, S. [Antwerp U.; Brussels U., IIHE], Verstraeten, M. [Alberta U.], Viaud, B. [SUBATECH, Nantes], Weber, A. [Fermilab; Mainz U.], Yeresko, M. [LPC, Clermont-Ferrand] (ORCID:0009000863720976), Yermia, F. [SUBATECH, Nantes]. 2025-10-10. Electromagnetic energy calibration of the SoLid detector with horizontal muons. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221%2F20%2F10%2Fp10022
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