DOE OSTI · 2564800
Proton emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁𝑁}}$ = 5.02 TeV
Abstract
The first measurements of proton emission accompanied by neutron emission in the electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of 208 Pb nuclei in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. The EMD protons and neutrons emitted at very forward rapidities are detected by the proton and neutron zero degree calorimeters of the ALICE experiment. The emission cross sections of zero, one, two, and three protons accompanied by at least one neutron were measured in ultraperipheral 208 Pb − 208 Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁𝑁}}$ = 5.02TeV. The 0p and 3p cross sections are described by the RELDIS model within their measurement uncertainties, while the 1p and 2p cross sections are underestimated by the model by 17–25%. According to this model, these 0p, 1p, 2p, and 3p cross sections are associated, respectively, with the production of various isotopes of Pb, Tl, Hg, and Au in the EMD of 208 Pb . The cross sections of the emission of a single proton accompanied by the emission of one, two, or three neutrons in EMD were also measured. The data are significantly overestimated by the RELDIS model, which predicts that the (1p,1n), (1p,2n), and (1p,3n) cross sections are very similar to the cross sections for the production of the thallium isotopes 206,205,204 Tl.
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Acharya, S. [Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC] (ORCID:0000000292135329), Agarwal, A. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre], Aglieri Rinella, G. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0000000296113696), Aglietta, L. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università] (ORCID:0009000307636802), Agnello, M. [Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN] (ORCID:0000000207605075), Agrawal, N. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università] (ORCID:0000000303489836), Ahammed, Z. [Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre] (ORCID:0000000152417412), Ahmad, S. [Aligarh Muslim University] (ORCID:0000000304975705), Ahn, S. U. [Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information] (ORCID:000000018847489X), Ahuja, I. [P.J. Šafárik University] (ORCID:0000000244171392), Akindinov, A. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000273883022), Akishina, V. [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt], Al-Turany, M. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH] (ORCID:0000000280714497), Aleksandrov, D. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000297197035), Alessandro, B. [INFN, Sezione di Torino] (ORCID:0000000196804940), Alfanda, H. M. [Central China Normal University] (ORCID:0000000256592119), Alfaro Molina, R. [Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México] (ORCID:0000000247137069), Ali, B. [Aligarh Muslim University] (ORCID:0000000208777979), Alici, A. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università] (ORCID:0000000336184617), Alizadehvandchali, N. [University of Houston] (ORCID:0009000073651064), Alkin, A. [Sungkyunkwan University] (ORCID:0000000222055761), Alme, J. [University of Bergen] (ORCID:0000000301770536), Alocco, G. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università; INFN, Sezione di Cagliari] (ORCID:0000000189109173), Alt, T. [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt] (ORCID:0009000548625370), Altamura, A. R. [INFN, Sezione di Bari] (ORCID:0000000180485500), Altsybeev, I. [Technische Universität München] (ORCID:0000000280797026), Alvarado, J. R. [High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla] (ORCID:0000000250381337), Alvarez, C. O. R. [High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla], Anaam, M. N. [Central China Normal University] (ORCID:0000000261804243), Andrei, C. [Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering] (ORCID:0000000185350680), Andreou, N. [University of Derby] (ORCID:0009000974576866), Andronic, A. [Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik] (ORCID:0000000223726117), Andronov, E. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000304379292), Anguelov, V. [Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg] (ORCID:0009000602362680), Antinori, F. [INFN, Sezione di Padova] (ORCID:0000000273668891), Antonioli, P. [INFN, Sezione di Bologna] (ORCID:0000000175163726), Apadula, N. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory] (ORCID:0000000254786120), Aphecetche, L. [SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3] (ORCID:0000000176623878), Appelshäuser, H. [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt] (ORCID:0000000306147671), Arata, C. [Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie] (ORCID:0009000219907289), Arcelli, S. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università] (ORCID:0000000163679215), Arnaldi, R. [INFN, Sezione di Torino] (ORCID:0000000166989577), Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A. [Universidade de São Paulo (USP)] (ORCID:0000000251942079), Arsene, I. C. [University of Oslo] (ORCID:0000000323169565), Arslandok, M. [Yale University] (ORCID:0000000238888303), Augustinus, A. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0009000854606805), Averbeck, R. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH] (ORCID:0000000342774963), Averyanov, D. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000200274648), Azmi, M. D. [Aligarh Muslim University] (ORCID:0000000225016856), Baba, H. [University of Tokyo], Badalà, A. [INFN, Sezione di Catania] (ORCID:0000000205694828), Bae, J. [Sungkyunkwan University] (ORCID:0009000848068019), Bae, Y. [Sungkyunkwan University], Baek, Y. W. [Gangneung-Wonju National University] (ORCID:0000000243434883), Bai, X. [University of Science and Technology of China] (ORCID:000900099085079X), Bailhache, R. [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt] (ORCID:0000000179874592), Bailung, Y. [Indian Institute of Technology Indore] (ORCID:0000000311720225), Bala, R. [University of Jammu] (ORCID:0000000241162861), Baldisseri, A. [IRFU] (ORCID:000000026186289X), Balis, B. [AGH University of Krakow] (ORCID:0000000230824209), Banoo, Z. [University of Jammu] (ORCID:0000000271783001), Barbasova, V. [P.J. Šafárik University], Barile, F. [Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin'] (ORCID:0000000320881290), Barioglio, L. [INFN, Sezione di Torino] (ORCID:0000000273289154), Barlou, M. [National and Kapodistrian University of Athens], Barman, B. [Gauhati University], Barnaföldi, G. G. [HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics] (ORCID:0000000192236480), Barnby, L. S. [University of Derby] (ORCID:0000000173579904), Barreau, E. [SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3] (ORCID:0009000315330782), Barret, V. [Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC] (ORCID:0000000306119283), Barreto, L. [Universidade de São Paulo (USP)] (ORCID:0000000264540052), Bartels, C. [University of Liverpool] (ORCID:0009000233714483), Barth, K. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0000000176331189), Bartsch, E. [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt] (ORCID:0009000679284203), Bastid, N. [Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC] (ORCID:0000000269058345), Basu, S. [Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics] (ORCID:0000000306878124), Batigne, G. [SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3] (ORCID:0000000186386300), Battistini, D. [Technische Universität München] (ORCID:0009000001993372), Batyunya, B. [Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0009000929746985), Bauri, D. [Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT)], Bazo Alba, J. L. [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú] (ORCID:0000000191489101), Bearden, I. G. [University of Copenhagen] (ORCID:0000000327843094), Beattie, C. [Yale University] (ORCID:0000000174314051), Becht, P. [GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH] (ORCID:0000000279083288), Behera, D. [Indian Institute of Technology Indore] (ORCID:0000000225997957), Belikov, I. [IPHC] (ORCID:0009000559228936), Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C. [Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik] (ORCID:0000000204426549), Bellini, F. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università] (ORCID:0000000334984661), Bellwied, R. [University of Houston] (ORCID:0000000231560188), Belokurova, S. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000248623384), Beltran, L. G. E. [Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa] (ORCID:0000000294136069), Beltran, Y. A. V. [High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla] (ORCID:0009000282124789), Bencedi, G. [HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics] (ORCID:0000000290405292), Bensaoula, A. [University of Houston], Beole, S. [Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università] (ORCID:0000000346738038), Berdnikov, Y. [Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN] (ORCID:0000000303095917), Berdnikova, A. [Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg] (ORCID:0000000337057898), Bergmann, L. [Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg] (ORCID:0009000455112496), Besoiu, M. G. [Institute of Space Science (ISS)] (ORCID:0000000152532517), Betev, L. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)] (ORCID:0000000213731844). 2025-05-07. Proton emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠_{𝑁𝑁}}$ = 5.02 TeV. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.111.054906
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