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DOE OSTI · 2538331

Direct ink writing of aqueous-based Gadolinium (III) oxide slurries

Snarr, Patrick L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)] (ORCID:0009000451416740)·Cramer, Corson L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:000000020179088X)·Cakmak, Ercan [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000172724815)·Armstrong, Beth L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000171493576)·Hemrick, James G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000276758956)·Haas, Derek A. [University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)] (ORCID:0000000329298974)·Beaman, Joseph J. [University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)]·Petrie, Christian M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000311673545)·Nelson, Andrew T. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000240713502)
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Abstract

Gadolinium (III) oxide (gadolinia, Gd 2 O 3 ) has recently been identified as an intriguing material for applications in the medical, solid oxide fuel cell, and nuclear industries. This interest drives the need for developing and understanding manufacturing techniques that can produce dense Gd 2 O 3 structures. Direct ink writing (DIW), an extrusion-based additive manufacturing method, has also garnered interest because of its capability to produce dense ceramic parts with increased complexity in an economical manner. In this study, DIW was explored as a manufacturing technique for Gd 2 O 3 . Experiments were performed to develop Gd 2 O 3 bearing inks capable of being processed via DIW. Ink solids loading and sintering temperatures were varied to assess their impact on the final density and microstructure. Optimum sintering conditions are proposed and were experimentally verified at a dwell temperature of 1500°C. Gd 2 O 3 samples were successfully manufactured using DIW, achieving densities greater than 96 % of the theoretical density.

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCEDirect ink writingGadoliniaMaterial extrusionRheologyRobocasting

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Snarr, Patrick L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)] (ORCID:0009000451416740), Cramer, Corson L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:000000020179088X), Cakmak, Ercan [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000172724815), Armstrong, Beth L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000171493576), Hemrick, James G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000276758956), Haas, Derek A. [University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)] (ORCID:0000000329298974), Beaman, Joseph J. [University of Texas at Austin, TX (United States)], Petrie, Christian M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000311673545), Nelson, Andrew T. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)] (ORCID:0000000240713502). 2025-03-20. Direct ink writing of aqueous-based Gadolinium (III) oxide slurries. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117381

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DOE OSTI2026

Cyclic moisture reactivation of calcium sorbents for long duration thermochemical energy storage

The transition to a flexible and reliable energy infrastructure, using electro-thermal energy generation technologies such as geothermal, concentrated solar power, and nuclear, usually demands simultaneous advancement of thermal energy storage (TES) to support on-demand electricity generation and industrial applications while mitigating the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and power outages from direct energy generation. Among TES technologies, thermochemical energy storage (TCES) based on calcium looping emerges as a compelling high-power energy storage candidate due to its high reaction enthalpy, compatibility with elevated operating temperatures, and abundance of low-cost materials. However, the long-term durability of calcium-based sorbents for TCES is hindered by surface sintering and particle aggregation, leading to performance degradation over repeated thermal cycles. This study explores a moisture hydration-based strategy to regenerate a degraded calcium sorbent and mitigate performance degradation for long duration TCES. The addition of moisture transforms calcium oxide into calcium hydroxide and produces intercalation water layers, associated with a regenerated surface area and reduced calcium oxide crystallite size. Both these effects are beneficial in restoring the sorbents' reactivity for carbonization. Additionally, an optimized hydration-assisted reactivation protocol balances the recovered energy storage capacity with heating penalty required for moisture removal from hydrated samples, resulting in an enhanced energy storage capacity up to 176% compared to benchmark sorbents that undergo cycling without reactivation after 60 cycles. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of hydration-assisted reactivation to enhance the long-term performance of TCES, providing an effective pathway to advancing electro-thermal storage technologies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗