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Unnam, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Unnam, J..

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1987

Microhardness and lattice parameter calibrations of the oxygen solid solutions of unalloyed alpha-titanium and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo

Standards were prepared for calibrating microanalyses of dissolved oxygen in unalloyed alpha-Ti and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. Foils of both of these materials were homogenized for 120 hours in vacuum at 871 C following short exposures to the ambient atmosphere at 854 C that had partially oxidized the foils. The variation of Knoop microhardness with oxygen content was calibrated for both materials using 15-g and 5-g indentor loads. The unit-cell lattice parameters were calibrated for the unalloyed alpha-Ti. Example analyses demonstrate the usefulness of these calibrations and support an explanation of an anomaly in the lattice parameter variation. The results of the calibrations have been tabulated and summarized using predictive equations.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Oxidation of commercial purity titanium

The oxidation kinetics of commercial purity Ti-A55 exposed to laboratory air in the 593-760 C temperature range were continuously monitored by thermogravimetric analysis. The oxide thickness was measured by microscopy, and the substrate contamination was estimated from microhardness measurements. The microhardness depth profiles were converted to oxygen composition profiles using calibration depth. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in alpha-Ti appears to be approximately concentration-independent in the 1-10 at. pct oxygen range. Diffusion coefficient for oxygen in TiO2 has been estimated as a function of temperature and is found to be about 50 times the value in alpha-Ti. The metallographically prepared cross sections of the oxidized specimens revealed a 'moving boundary' in the substrate, parallel to the oxide-metal interface. This boundary was associated with a specific oxygen level of 5.0 + or - 0.5 at. pct. It occurred at a distance from the oxide-metal interface which was correlatable with temperature and time of exposure. The diffusion coefficient corresponding to the composition of this moving boundary is in excellent agreement with the effective diffusion coefficient for the substrate contamination.

Unnam, J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Oxidation and embrittlement of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy

A thermogravimetric analysis monitoring study has been conducted for Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo in the 593-760 C range, with a view to its total oxidation kinetics in laboratory air. In addition, tensile elongation was obtained for selected foil specimens after their exposure to simulated Space Shuttle reentry conditions. The total weight gain with time exhibited two parabolic stages separated by a transient region which is the result of a simultaneous increase in the parabolic growth rate constant for the oxide and in oxygen solubility at the oxide-metal interface. A model for the total oxidation kinetics accounting for the two individual components (oxide growth and solid solution formation) is proposed; the activation energy for oxygen diffusion in the alpha-solid solution is shown to approximate the activation energy for the degradation of tensile elongation of the alloy in its foil gage condition.

Shenoy, R. N.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Computing Composition/Depth Profiles From X-Ray Diffraction

Diffraction-intensity bands deconvolved relatively quickly. TIBAC constructs composition/depth profiles from X-ray diffraction-intensity bands. Intensity band extremely sensitive to shape of composition/depth profile. TIBAC incorporates straightforward transformation of intensity band that retains accuracy of earlier simulation models, but is several orders of magnitude faster in total computational time. TIBAC written in FORTRAN 77 for batch execution.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Oxidation and emittance of superalloys in heat shield applications

Recently developed superalloys that form alumina coatings have a high potential for heat shield applications for advanced aerospace vehicles at temperatures above 1095C. Both INCOLOY alloy MA 956 (of the Inco Alloys International, Inc.), an iron-base oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, and CABOT alloy No. 214 (of the Cabot Corporation), an alumina-forming nickel-chromium alloy, have good oxidation resistance and good elevated temperature strength. The oxidation resistance of both alloys has been attributed to the formation of a thin alumina layer (alpha-Al2O3) at the surface. Emittance and oxidation data were obtained for simulated Space Shuttle reentry conditions using a hypersonic arc-heated wind tunnel. The surface oxides and substrate alloys were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis unit. The mass loss and emittance characteristics of the two alloys are discussed.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Program

SOPAD separates overlapping peaks and analyzes derivatives of X-ray diffraction data. SOPAD helps analyst get most information out of available diffraction data. SOPAD uses Marquardt-type nonlinear regression routine to refine initial estimates of individual peak positions, intensities, shapes, and half-widths.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Effect of oxygen barrier coatings on oxidation and embrittlement of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo foil in heat shield applications

Because of the loss of ductility with exposure to oxidizing conditions, long time applications of titanium alloys have been limited to temperatures below 700 K and short time applications have been limited to temperatures below 815 K. Oxygen barrier coatings for shielding Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy from oxidation during exposure to high temperatures were studied using foil gage specimens. The coatings included micrometer-thick sputtered SiO2 and chemical-vapor-deposited silicate layers both with and without an aluminum basecoat. The oxidation rates and resistance to embrittlement of the coated specimens were significantly better than those of the uncoated specimens.

Clark, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

A method of rapidly obtaining concentration-depth profiles from X-ray diffraction

A broadened diffraction peak, or intensity band, is observed in the case diffraction from a nonhomogeneous phase in which the variations in compositions result in a range of lattice spacings. An intriguing aspect regarding the relationship between the X-ray diffraction band and the composition-depth profile is the hypersensitivity of the intensity band to the shape of the profile. A number of investigators have sought to use this sensitivity to construct high-precision profiles. Difficulties encountered are related to complications due to intensity broadening, and prohibitive computational requirements. Simulation techniques have provided the most accurate interpretation of the intensity band. However, the involved calculations have been prohibitively long. The present study discusses a technique which has simple computational requirements and is as accurate and flexible as the simulation techniques.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Residual mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo after simulated Space Shuttle reentry

Oxidation and embrittlement are concerns in use of titanium foils for shielding advanced space transportation system vehicles during earth reentry. Ti-6Al-4V in 0.003 in. and 0.035 in. thicknesses were exposed to multiple cycles of simulated space transportation system ascent/reentry conditions at temperatures ranging from 1000 F to 1200 F. Residual mechanical tests and metallurgical analyses were made on the specimens after exposure. Results show that tensile elongation is the mechanical property most affected by the reentry environment. Results are presented to show a comparison of residual properties of foil specimens from static oxidation exposure and cyclic oxidation exposure.

Clark, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Use of aluminum as an oxidation barrier for titanium

A study is conducted of the use of aluminum coatings as oxidation retardants for Ti alloys, using room temperature normal emittance and spectral emittance as bases for the characterization of oxidation properties with and without the coatings. Thermal exposures were conducted in a thermogravimetric analysis apparatus in which specimen weight was continuously monitored. The results obtained indicate that the weight gains are proportional to the square root of the time for uncoated alloys and for 649 C-exposed aluminum-coated alloys. For the 704 C-exposed aluminum-coated alloys, weight gain exhibits a low rate for short and a high rate for long exposure times, implying that the 0.5-micron coating's protection decreases for long exposures at this temperature.

Unnam, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Response of Inconel 617 superalloy to combined ground-based and STS reentry exposure

Inconel 617 is a nickel-based superalloy which is being considered for heat-shield applications because of its high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and high emittance of oxidized surfaces. While the effects of simulated reentry conditions on emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617 have been studied, the combined effects of the ground-based environment with sea salt exposure and the reentry environment have not been evaluated. Experimental results are presented to show the effects of environmental simulation including ground-based and reentry exposure on the emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617. Specimens were exposed to simulated reentry at a surface temperature of 2000 F in the Langley Research Center Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System (HYMETS) Facility with and without alternate exposures to an atmospheric seashore environment or a laboratory sea salt environment. This paper presents emittance, mass loss, oxide chemistry, and alloy composition data for the specimens.

Clark, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Effect of alloy chemistry and exposure conditions on the oxidation of titanium

Multiwall is a new thermal protection system concept for advanced space transportation vehicles. The system consists of discrete panels made up of multiple layers of foil gage metal. Titanium is the proposed candidate metal for multiwall panels in the reentry temperature range up to 675 C. Oxidation and embrittlement are the principal concerns related to the use of Ti in heat shield applications. The results of a broad study on the oxidation kinetics of several titanium alloys subjected to different exposure conditions are described. The alloys include commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. Oxidation studies were performed on these alloys exposed at 704 C in 5-760 torr air pressure and 0 to 50% relative humidity. The resulting weight gains were correlated with oxide thickness and substrate contamination. The contamination depth and weight gains due to solid solutioning were obtained from microhardness depth profiles and hardness versus weight percent oxygen calibration data.

Unnam, J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Response of Inconel 617 superalloy to combined ground-based and STS reentry exposure

Inconel 617 is a nickel-based superalloy which is being considered for heat-shield applications because of its high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and high emittance of oxidized surfaces. While the effects of simulated reentry conditions on emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617 have been studied, the combined effects of the ground-based environment with sea salt exposure and the reentry environment have not been evaluated. Experimental results are presented to show the effects of environmental simulation including ground-based and reentry exposure on the emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617. Specimens were exposed to simulated reentry at a surface temperature of 2000 F in the Langley Research Center Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System (HYMETS) Facility with and without alternate exposures to an atmospheric seashore environment or a laboratory sea salt environment. This paper presents emittance, mass loss, oxide chemistry, and alloy composition data for the specimens.

Clark, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1984

An X-ray diffraction study of titanium oxidation

Titanium specimens of commercial purity were exposed at 1100 to 1400 F to laboratory air for times up to 100 hours. The extent of substrate contamination by interstitial oxygen was was determined by a new X-ray diffraction analysis involving transformation of X-ray diffraction intensity bands. The oxygen solid-solubility at the oxide-metal interfaces and its variation with time at temperature were also determined. Diffusion coefficients are deduced from the oxygen depth profiles.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A simple method of obtaining concentration depth-profiles from X-ray diffraction

The construction of composition profiles from X-ray intensity bands was investigated. The intensity band-to-composition profile transformation utilizes a solution which can be easily evaluated. The technique can be applied to thin films and thick speciments for which the variation of lattice parameters, linear absorption coefficient, and reflectivity with composition are known. A deconvolution scheme with corrections for the instrumental broadening and ak-alfadoublet is discussed.

Wiedemann, K. E.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Residual mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V after simulated Space Shuttle reentry

Oxidation and embrittlement are concerns in use of titanium foils for shielding advanced space transportation system vehicles during Earth reentry. Ti-6Al-4V in 0.003 in. and 0.035 in. thicknesses were exposed to multiple cycles of simulated space transportation system ascent/reentry conditions at temperatures ranging from 1000 F to 1200 F. Residual mechanical tests and metallurgical analyses were made on the specimens after exposure. Results show that tensile elongation is the mechanical property most affected by the reentry environment. Results are presented to show a comparison of residual properties of foil specimens from static oxidation exposure and cyclic oxidation exposure.

Clark, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Metallurgical and tensile property analysis of several silicon carbide/titanium composite systems

Several silicon-carbide fiber reinforced titanium matrix composite systems were investigated to determine composite degradation mechanisms and to develop techniques to minimize loss of mechanical properties during fabrication and in service. Emphasis was on interface control by fiber or matrix coatings. Fibers and matrix materials were sputter coated with various metals to determine the effects of the coatings on basic fiber properties, fiber-matrix interactions, and on composite properties. The effects of limited variations in fabrication temperature on composite properties were determined for composites consolidated by standard press-diffusion-bonding techniques.

Brewer, W. D.↗