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At least 19 records

Informing NLP Learning Tasks by Tracking User Features: An ASRS Use Case using Kaona

There has been growing interest in utilizing natural language processing (NLP) algorithms in Aviation Safety. This interest has extended to leveraging the decades of records publicly available on the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). While related literature has given more emphasis in lessons learned from the narratives, our prior work has focused on using NLP to support narrative search in the ASRS. Specifically, we evaluated if the use of alternative search mechanisms to keyword search, such as the retrieval of related narratives even without matching keywords could improve narrative discovery. A difficulty in experimenting alternative search mechanisms in any information retrieval task is the lack of ground truth. To address this limitation, we propose Kaona, a lightweight interface which enables the prototyping of alternative search retrieval tasks, by tracking user experience both explicitly (user-specified feedback), or implicitly (user navigation through interface affordances). Differently from distracting requests for feedback during user navigation, Kaona collects explicit feedback from users by mapping them to affordances which support the user workflow, while obtaining ground truth information for learning tasks.

human-computer-interaction↗

Metadata Schemas and Ontologies for Building Energy Applications: A Critical Review and Use Case Analysis

With the increasing digitalization of processes throughout the lifecycle of buildings, data exchanged between stakeholders and between building systems has grown significantly. However, a lack of semantic interoperability between data in different systems is still prevalent, hindering the development of applications that can be reused across buildings and limiting the scalability of innovative solutions. Semantics refers to the description of the meaning of the data in a way that can be consistently understood by applications. Recently, several competing initiatives have been developing metadata schemas and ontologies to express this semantic information for different applications in the building domain. This paper systematically reviews these schemas and conducts an analysis of five of them to evaluate their applicability to three high-value use cases for building operations: energy audits, automated fault detection and diagnostics and optimal control. The survey finds 40 schemas published in the last 10 years but but their actual use in industry is difficult to estimate. Among the five selected ontologies, several gaps are highlighted in relation to the three use cases. Recommendations for the future include better harmonization of these initiatives, more centralized repositories and search engines for these schemas as well as better industry engagement to facilitate their adoption.

Smart Building, Sematic, Metadata, Ontology, Data ↗

Cybersecurity Assessment for a Behind-the-Meter Solar PV System: A Use Case for the DER-CF

The world's energy production is shifting toward lower-cost, cleaner, more efficient, and sustainable sources. The increasing numbers of distributed energy resources (DERs) are allowing for the rapid transformation of electric grids toward achieving the goal of energy decarbonization. Along with cleaner and more efficient energy, however, we must also aim for a secure energy future. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are an important part of this transition. This paper discusses a cybersecurity risk assessment for behind-the-meter DERs using a solar PV system as a use case of the Distributed Energy Resource Cybersecurity Framework (DER-CF) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This poster presents a conference paper on the risk assessment processes and summarizes the DER-CF's use case recommendations to strengthen the cybersecurity posture of the electric grid.

cybersecurity↗

Real Time and Forecasted DLR: Use Cases

This document contains two use cases for the utilization of dynamic line ratings in operational practices. These use cases were developed in support of the Transmission Optimization and Grid Enhancing Technology (TOGETS) task force aimed at facilitating the deployment of dynamic line rating and power flow technologies across the United States. The project included a demonstration of the technology on the Idaho National Laboratory system. The procurement documents, tests scripts, and field-validated results from multiple vendors will be published to improve industry’s familiarity with the products. Because of the urgency in performing this work and INL’s unique test setup, the Task Force identified a need for additional public information on the information exchanges required for operationalizing DLR (i.e. integrating DLR’s within actual system operations). As such, this use case document and an accompanying interoperability profile have been developed with input from the Task Force and various vendors whose systems would ultimately support the functionality described. The use case and interoperability profile support two distinct functionalities with different purposes.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Electrical Fault Detection, Power Quality, Distributed Energy Resource Use Cases, and Cyber Event Applications with the Cyber Grid Guard System Using Distributed Ledger Technology

Electrical utilities continue to deploy more intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) inside and outside electrical substation and are associated with distributed energy resources (DERs). The integrity and confidentiality of data from IEDs is crucial, and distributed ledger technology (DLT) could improve the resilience of microgrids by helping to make these data more secure. The most popular applications using blockchain technology for electrical utilities is in the field is based on energy trading. However, the dynamism of the penetration of customer owned DERs and the deployment of sensors with IEDs have led to the identification of new applications using DLT that are focused on other areas, such as monitoring, operation and management of the grid and its assets. In addition, the majority of studies on electrical grid applications with blockchain were validated with software simulations. Although general monitoring of power systems for using DLT could be evaluated in operational electric grids, other DLT research applications such as defense against cyber-attacks and/or electrical fault detection are not likely to be performed in a real infrastructure because of possible risks to the network/equipment security. This report summarizes the application of power system applications using distributed ledger technology (DLT), providing a secure DLT framework for collecting data from IEDs like power meters and protective relays inside and outside of an electrical substation and/or between two different electrical utilities. In this study, the use case scenarios were created and assessed for different power system application by using DLT. The electrical fault detection for faulted phases (1), power quality monitoring of phase voltage magnitudes, frequency levels and load power factor (2), DERs use case monitoring (3), and cyber-event applications (4) were performed in a test bed with a Cyber-Grid Guard (CGG) system using DLT. It had a real-time simulator with power meters and protective relays in-the-loop. The first section of this report presents a literature review of power system applications using blockchain at research level. The second section shows the theory and equations used on this report. The third section shows the description of the test bed, equipment, architecture, and electrical grid diagrams. The fourth section shows the experimental models and use case scenarios that were performed for the electrical fault detection, power quality, DERs use case, and cyber event applications with the CGG system using DLT. The fifth section shows the results collected from the tests based on comparing the time stamped events of the analog signals from the IEDs, DLT computer and real time simulator. The sixth section performed the discussion of the results for the use case scenarios. Finally, section seven presents the conclusions for this report were presented.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Cyber-Informed Engineering Requirements Framework Use Cases

The requirement analysis use case effort leverages the Cyber-Informed Engineering (CIE) requirements framework to examine two real-world scenarios: Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) installation at the Flatirons Campus, NLR; SCADA improvement program. This work evaluates the existing requirements for each use case, applies the CIE requirements framework, and assesses the benefits and enhancements gained compared to the current requirements. The results will advance CIE from concept to practical application by identifying key opportunities for integrating CIE principles into established engineering workflows during the requirements phase.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

UTM RTT CWG Concept & Use Cases Package #2

The Concept & Use Cases Package #2: Technical Capability Level 3 document represents the collaborative research efforts between the FAA and NASA as joint members of the Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) Research Transition Team (RTT). Contained in this document are the 1) Terms and Definitions, 2) Foundational Principles, 3) Concept Narratives, 4) Use Cases, 5) Operational Views, and 6) Roles and Responsibilities of actors interacting within what is considered to be encompassed by Technical Capability Level 3 UTM operating environments. The contents of Package #2 should NOT be considered established policy or construed as regulatory in nature. What is presented is meant to communicate the current, agreed upon understanding between the FAA and NASA on particular features of UTM as exemplified through use cases and concept narratives for the purposes of supporting joint NASA/Industry Demonstrations and the UTM Pilot Program. It is also meant to foster discussion and refinement of the concepts and approaches being pursued by the other RTT working groups.

RTT↗

NASA's Responsible AI Use Cases

This submission consists of summary use cases for NASA's Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI). These RAI Use Cases are to be made public, pursuant to the Presidential Executive Order 13960, Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government. They were collected from NASA's practicing AI research community and cover the gamut of NASA's AI activities. These Use Cases will be updated annually as required by the Executive Order. The information included consists of the NASA Center, a summary of the goal, the AI techniques being applied, information on training data, and information on source code.

Artificial Intelligence↗

Energy Storage Valuation: A Review of Use Cases and Modeling Tools

An enticing prospect that drives adoption of energy storage systems (ESS) is its ability to be used in a diverse set of use cases and the potential to take advantage of multiple unique value streams. The Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) technology development pathways for storage technologies draw from a set of use cases in the electrical power system, each with their own specific cost and performance needs. In addition to the need for cost and performance improvements for storage technologies, there a need for robust valuation methods to enable effective policy, investment, business models, and resource planning. There are numerous storage valuation tools available to the public, many of which can analyze the value of an ESS project with inputs and characteristics that reflect a specific storage use case. To effectively reach ESS stakeholders that may be interested in learning about valuation models, this report will draw from publicly available tools developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) and frame their functionalities and capabilities within the context of three distinct use case families. This report examines three of the ESGC use case families in depth and provides a methodology in which interested stakeholders can determine which DOE modeling tool is best suited to value ESS for their specific case. The high-level objectives for this report include: (1) Provide specific sub use-cases for each use case family for further characterization; (2) Provide technical parameters and relevant data for three example use cases that could be used in a valuation tool; (3) Identify a list of publicly available DOE tools that can provide energy storage valuation insights for ESS use case stakeholders; (4) Provide information on the capabilities and different options in each modeling tool; (5) Make conclusions on which are best suited for valuing certain functional/performance requirements and which tools might be applicable to other use cases; and (6) Show the methodology that informs a Model Selection Platform (MSP) framework that educates stakeholders on different DOE models and provides a streamlined way to choose the right model that most closely matches their needs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗

Systematization of Password Manager Use Cases and Design Paradigms

Despite efforts to replace them, passwords remain the primary form of authentication on the web. Password managers seek to address many of the problems with passwords by helping users generate, store, and fill strong and unique passwords. Even though experts frequently recommend password managers, there is limited information regarding their usability. To aid in designing such usability studies, we systematize password manager use cases, identifying ten essential use cases, three recommended use cases, and four extended use cases. We also systematize the system designs employed to satisfy these use cases, designs that should be examined in usability studies to understand their relative strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we describe observations from 136 cognitive walkthroughs exploring the identified essential use cases in eight popular managers. Ultimately, we expect that this work will serve as the foundation for an explosion of new research into the usability of password managers.

Simmons, James↗

NASA's Responsible AI Use Cases

This submission consists of NASA's Responsible Artificial Intelligence (RAI) Use Cases. These RAI Use Cases are to be made public, pursuant to the Presidential Executive Order 13960, Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government. They were collected from NASA's practicing AI research community and cover the gamut of NASA's AI activities. These Use Cases will be updated annually as required by the Executive Order. The information included consists of the NASA Center, a summary of the goal, the AI techniques being applied, information on training data, and information on source code.

Artificial Intelligence↗

An Analysis of Earth Science Data Analytics Use Cases

The increase in the number and volume, and sources, of globally available Earth science data measurements and datasets have afforded Earth scientists and applications researchers unprecedented opportunities to study our Earth in ever more sophisticated ways. In fact, the NASA Earth Observing System Data Information System (EOSDIS) archives have doubled from 2007 to 2014, to 9.1 PB (Ramapriyan, 2009; and https:earthdata.nasa.govaboutsystem-- performance). In addition, other US agency, international programs, field experiments, ground stations, and citizen scientists provide a plethora of additional sources for studying Earth. Co--analyzing huge amounts of heterogeneous data to glean out unobvious information is a daunting task. Earth science data analytics (ESDA) is the process of examining large amounts of data of a variety of types to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other useful information. It can include Data Preparation, Data Reduction, and Data Analysis. Through work associated with the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) Federation, a collection of Earth science data analytics use cases have been collected and analyzed for the purpose of extracting the types of Earth science data analytics employed, and requirements for data analytics tools and techniques yet to be implemented, based on use case needs. ESIP generated use case template, ESDA use cases, use case types, and preliminary use case analysis (this is a work in progress) will be presented.

data analytics↗

Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL): Use Cases and Definitions

This resource document is designed to establish common use cases and definitions for U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories and partners participating in the Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) effort. Use case definitions can be used to classify and connect research-and-development efforts and ultimately to organize project goals. Establishing use cases will also allow for the definition of operational benchmarks for various elements of the MIRACL project and broader distributed wind program as well as enable future alignment with other distributed energy resource research projects.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

Literature Review for Sensor Impact Evaluation and Verification Use Cases - Building Controls and Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD)

This report summarizes a comprehensive literature review for the selected sensor suites used in building controls and fault detection and diagnostics (FDD), which is a Q2 deliverable of the Sensor Impact Evaluation and Verification project. The project’s overarching goal is to develop a framework for investigating the impact of sensor deployment and configuration for building energy optimization, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), occupants’ thermal comfort, and potential grid efficiency. While the first phase of the literature review performed in Q1 reviewed the current methods of various sensor selection and placements and their impact, this report focuses on high impactful potential use cases for the selected sensor suites in building control and FDD. The use cases identified in this literature review will be further investigated and be included in the final sensor impact evaluation framework. For the review, the multi-laboratory team reviewed 241 research papers, technical reports, and books to identify existing technologies, the potential impact on energy savings and thermal comfort, and future research opportunities for the selected use cases in building controls and FDD. Along with the literature review, the team conducted a series of interviews with experts in sensors and controls area to identify the state-of-art sensor technologies, and the most impactful use cases in controls and FDD areas. The interview results will also be incorporated with the findings from the literature review in the next quarter, and the final use cases to be evaluated will be selected.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Mapping use cases and dataset needs for benchmarking buildings data

A perennial challenge in buildings research is the lack of high-quality datasets that can be relied upon for a wide array of tasks, including model calibration and improving energy efficiency and load flexibility. Instrumenting a building for data collection is resource intensive, so it is important to be methodical in the approach and ensure that resulting data are flexible and useful for a broad range of analyses. This study aims to fill the gaps in characterizing potential use cases for buildings datasets and mapping them to dataset needs using a well-defined data infrastructure. Here, we have developed a systematic mapping strategy between buildings dataset needs and use cases to help streamline the processes of efficiently targeting datasets, designing building sensing systems, and determining buildings research use cases. We selected 14 prospective use cases and 11 refined buildings data categories for developing the preliminary dataset-needs-to-use-cases mapping matrix (‘DN-UC mapping matrix’) with generic ‘Tags’—a detailed sub-level of data categories extracted by justifying the needs of an aspect of the datasets to use cases. We present two example applications of the developed mapping matrix to demonstrate use of the mapping matrix and its effectiveness.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

5G Energy FRAME Report on 5G for Grid Use Case (Year 3 Final Report)

This report provides an extensive overview of the interrelationships among energy, communication, and computing—especially in the context of decarbonization goals, challenges, and opportunities. Technical examples enabled by 5G technologies and their performance are presented, discussed, based on the experiment performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This is the first use case focused on using 5G for the U.S. power grid and will be referred to as the 5G for Grid Use Case from here on. Specifically, this use case looks at the workflow, which integrates the performance data of a real-world 5G communication testbed and a grid transmission and distribution co-simulation platform. The cross-domain information flow and logic design are illustrated with a combination of power grid contingencies and events. Lastly, a summary of the project achievement and outcome is provided, along with a technology roadmap envisioned by the project team.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Use Case Specification

Over the past three years, the Use Case Specification project has provided scenarios that have driven the development of key E-COMP capabilities and demonstrated their application to problems that the electric power industry is facing. These scenarios have provided the basis for which each Thrust has performed technical work, tying together E-COMP work under a common umbrella. Documented in this report is a summary of the background, motivations, and work – completed or proposed – under the three E-COMP use cases pursued to date: Offshore Wind, Remote Communities on the Olympic Peninsula, and Large Electric Loads.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DAA Use Case for Auto Cargo m:N Operations

A detect and avoid use-case was developed to highlight detect and avoid issues associated with m:N operations in the auto cargo domain. This work is being done in conjunction with industry partners and developed for the Operational Scenario and Environmental Description (OSED) for RTCA SC-228. The detect and avoid function is critical, required technology for unmanned aircraft to operation in the national airspace. RTCA SC-228 has published MOPS (phase 1 & 2) detailing the requirements and methods of compliance. This work will help address additional operational aspects of how/when DAA will be employed by unmanned systems. Specifically, this work focuses on “auto cargo” operations. Auto cargo, in this context, refers to regularly scheduled cargo-size aircraft that are flown remotely. The Remote Pilot In Command (RPIC), in this case, is responsible for multiple aircraft, flown simultaneously. The use-case details the use of DAA in this context, the potential issues and gaps that exist.

multi-vehicle control↗