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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

LANL Interactive Display (LID) - DC Vault Updates and FY24 proposals

The LANL Interactive Display (LID) is an interactive touchscreen with a custom-built application designed to provide a geographic-based, virtual tour of the Laboratory’s organizations, facilities, programs, products, and capabilities. The Display is mounted on a portable stand and displayed in the classified vault of the Forrestal Building in Washington, D.C. The October 2023 updates include the latest inputs, including the addition of Nuclear Security Enterprise (NSE) information. Other major upgrades are detailed below.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Puget Sound Regional Council 2006 Household Activity Survey

The purpose of the 2006 Puget Sound Regional Council Household Activity Survey was to provide data for travel demand models for the Puget Sound region, for the assessment of current activity and travel patterns, and for the estimation of future activity and travel within the region under various policy scenarios. One important goal of this project is to improve planners' ability to evaluate impacts of future policies and actions on travel patterns and transportation facility use through the development of a database. This database both captures the current status of activity and travel in the region and includes attitudes, preferences, and choices about activities and travel. In the design of the 2006 survey, basic demographics, activities, and tour and travel characteristics were collected for every member (including children) of 4,746 households during a consecutive 48-hour travel period. Vehicle global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from a subsample of 220 of these households, including completed activity/travel diaries for each household member. (Up to three vehicles per household were equipped with GPS units). The final GPS tracking data contained detailed information on the travel paths of 220 households with two vehicles in the same 48-hour period recorded in the diaries.

1Hz data↗
DOE OSTI2021

HydrogenAR: Interactive Data-Driven Presentation of Dispenser Reliability: Preprint

When delivering presentations to a co-located audience, we typically use slides with text and 2D graphics to complement the spoken narrative. Though presentations have largely been explored on 2D media, augmented reality (AR) allows presentation designers to add data and augmentations to existing physical infrastructure on display. This could provide a more engaging experience to the audience and support comprehension. With HydrogenAR, we present a novel application that leverages the benefits of data-driven storytelling with those of AR to explain the unique challenges of hydrogen dis- penser reliability. Utilizing physical props, situated data, and virtual augmentations and animations, HydrogenAR serves as a unique presentation tool, particularly critical for stakeholders, tour groups, and VIPs. HydrogenAR is a product of multiple collaborative de- sign iterations with a local Hydrogen Fuel research team and is evaluated through interviews with team members and a user study with end-users to evaluate the usability and quality of the interactive AR experience. Through this work, we provide design considera- tions for AR data-driven presentations and discuss how AR could be used for innovative content delivery beyond traditional slide-based presentations.

augmented reality↗
DOE OSTI2024

Crossroads of Nonproliferation and Safeguarding Technologies for Implementation in Molten Salt Reactors

Idaho National Laboratory (INL) recently conducted a workshop endorsed by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under the auspices of the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D (DNN R&D) Office's Safeguards Portfolio. The workshop's primary objective was to foster an engaging dialogue among researchers, with a specialized emphasis on the safeguards pertaining to molten salt reactors. At INL, the installation of the state-of-the-art Molten Salt Thermophysical Examination Capability (MSTEC) is underway. This shielded argon glovebox facility, designed for both irradiated and non-irradiated actinide materials, represents the cutting edge of research infrastructure. MSTEC is poised to serve as a pivotal research platform in the realm of molten salt technology, with significant implications for safeguards applications. Participants of the workshop had the opportunity to tour the facilities, including the site where MSTEC is being installed, as well as to observe the INL's molten salt and pyroprocessing research hot cells. The event featured insightful presentations delving into molten salt chemistry and the MSTEC project. Each participating laboratory contributed to the discourse with presentations on their respective research efforts addressing safeguards in relation to molten salt reactors. The workshop culminated with a generative brainstorming session, where participants shared their thoughts on strategic integration with partner agencies, aiming to synergize efforts in advancing the field of nuclear safeguards.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Atomic Molybdenum for Synthesis of Ammonia with 50% Faradic Efficiency

The electrochemical dinitrogen (N 2 ) reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions has gained significant interest as an environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional Haber–Bosch process for the synthesis of ammonia (NH 3 ). However, up to now, most of the reported NRR electrocatalysts with satisfactory catalytic activities have been hindered by the large overpotential in N 2 activation. The preparation of highly efficient Mo-based NRR electrocatalyst in acidic electrolytes under ambient conditions is demonstrated here, consisting of stabilized single Mo atoms anchored on holey nitrogen-doped graphene synthesized through a convenient potassium-salt-assisted activation method. At -0.05 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), an electrode consisting of the resultant electrocatalyst immobilized on carbon fiber paper can attain an exceptional Faradaic efficiency of 50.2% and a NH3 yield rate of 3.6 µg h -1 mg cat -1 with low overpotentials. Density functional theory calculations further unveil that compared to the original graphene without holes, the edge coordinated Mo atoms and the existence of vacancies on holey graphene lower the overpotential of N 2 reduction, thereby promoting the NRR catalytic activity. Finally, this work could provide new guidelines for future designs in single-atom catalysis that would be beneficial to ambient N 2 fixation, and replacement of classical synthesis processes that are very energy-intensive.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 LLNL Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program (NS 3 IP) is designed to give graduate students an opportunity to come to LLNL for 8–10 weeks of hands-on research. Students conduct research under the supervision of a staff scientist, attend a weekly lecture series, interact with other students, and present their work in poster format at the end of the program. Students also have the opportunity to meet staff scientists one-on-one, participate in LLNL facility tours (e.g., the National Ignition Facility and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), and gain a better understanding of the various science programs at LLNL. Due to the travel and access restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 NS 3 IP was organized as an “all-virtual” internship program. With LLNL’s extensive institutional support, students accessed the laboratory’s cyberinfrastructure through a secure virtual desktop environment and all seminars, mentor interactions, summer presentations, and laboratory tours were performed remotely. While this virtual internship format did not allow for hands-on laboratory research projects, both the interns and their mentors constructed creative research projects that maximized student exposure to nuclear science research that is relevant to DTRA and LLNL interests in nuclear security.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

2021 LLNL Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program (NS 3 IP) is designed to give graduate students an opportunity to come to LLNL for 8–10 weeks of hands-on research. Students conduct research under the supervision of a staff scientist, attend a weekly lecture series, interact with other students, and present their work in poster format at the end of the program. Students also have the opportunity to meet staff scientists one-on-one, participate in LLNL facility tours (e.g., the National Ignition Facility and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), and gain a better understanding of the various science programs at LLNL. Due to the travel and access restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 NS 3 IP was organized as an “all-virtual” internship program. With LLNL’s extensive institutional support, students accessed the laboratory’s cyberinfrastructure through a secure virtual desktop environment and all seminars, mentor interactions, summer presentations, and laboratory tours were performed remotely. While this virtual internship format did not allow for hands-on laboratory research projects, both the interns and their mentors constructed creative research projects that maximized student exposure to nuclear science research that is relevant to DTRA and LLNL interests in nuclear security. We anticipate a return to an in-person internship format for the summer of 2022.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 LLNL Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Nuclear Science and Security Summer Internship Program (NS 3 IP) is designed to give graduate and undergraduate students an opportunity to come to LLNL for 8–10 weeks of hands-on research. Students conduct research under the supervision of a staff scientist, attend a weekly lecture series, interact with other students, and present their work to the LLNL scientific community at the end of the program. Students also have the opportunity to meet staff scientists one-on-one, participate in LLNL facility tours (e.g., the National Ignition Facility and Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry), and gain a better understanding of the various science programs at LLNL. Due to the travel and access restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 NS 3 IP was organized as a hybrid internship program. Five of the 20 NS 3 IP students participated remotely. One of the 8 students funded directly by DTRA participated remotely. With LLNL’s extensive institutional support, remote students accessed the laboratory’s cyberinfrastructure through a secure virtual desktop environment and all seminars, mentor interactions, summer presentations, and laboratory tours had a remote option. The hybrid approach to the internship program provided flexibility to both the interns and their mentors to construct creative research projects that maximized student exposure to nuclear science research that is relevant to DTRA and LLNL. We anticipate continuing a hybrid internship format in the summer of 2023.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

Large–Scale Syntheses of 2D Materials: Flash Joule Heating and Other Methods

In the past 17 years, the larger-scale production of graphene and graphene family materials has proven difficult and costly, thus slowing wider-scale commercial applications. Here, the quality of the graphene that is prepared on larger scales has often been poor, demonstrating a need for improved quality controls. Here, current industrial graphene synthetic and analytical methods, as well as recent academic advancements in larger-scale or sustainable synthesis of graphene, defined here as weights more than 200 mg or films larger than 200 cm 2 , are compiled and reviewed. There is a specific emphasis on recent research in the use of flash Joule heating as a rapid, efficient, and scalable method to produce graphene and other 2D nanomaterials. Reactor design, synthetic strategies, safety considerations, feedstock selection, Raman spectroscopy, and future outlooks for flash Joule heating syntheses are presented. To conclude, the remaining challenges and opportunities in the larger-scale synthesis of graphene and a perspective on the broader use of flash Joule heating for larger-scale 2D materials synthesis are discussed.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2024

Scaling Up: Demonstrating Risk Reduction and Cost Compression for Commercial Heat Pump Water Heaters - CRADA 625 (Abstract)

Commercial heat pump water heater (CHPWH) systems significantly decarbonize the commercial and multifamily sectors by eliminating the reliance on gas-fired water heating. CHPWH systems are also well suited to include load shift controls that enable load-up and shed commands for supporting grid reliability and time-of-use pricing structure. However, they have not had wide adoption due to factors including price, complexity, and perceived risk. Although CHPWHs have been available in the US for decades, they have not made significant market gains in part because the systems have required significant and costly engineering design expertise and proved lackluster performance. Successful widespread market adoption requires a different approach; a shift from the current custom specialized expertise project design and installation to a repeatable approach that requires little specialized knowledge or expertise and can deliver persistent performance. Using this type of holistic systems approach requires effectively integrating four CHPWH system key components: primary air-to-water heat pumps; primary thermal storage tanks, a temperature maintenance system, and a control system which has capabilities to manage the primary heat pump cycles, any back-up, supplemental, or temperature maintenance heating, alarms, and grid connectivity allowing for demand response (DR), and/or load shifting. The project team has developed and will implement a suite of tools to support faster, less expensive, and more reliable field installations of CHPWH technology and with the resulting data used to further improve the tool set. These tools include: (1) A tool for optimizing system size and costs. (2) A tool that predicts annual energy use and overall system efficiency. (3) The Advanced Water Heater Specification (AWHS 8.0) defining the components of a full CHPWH system addressing performance requirements by climate zone. (4) The Qualified Products List: (QPL) of approved products that meet the specifications requirements. (5) Training materials including online on-demand modules, instructor-led training, and virtual interactive video tours of CHPWH installations in multifamily buildings. Demonstration site identification in low-income buildings in underserved communities is currently underway. Preliminarily, the team anticipates having three demonstrations in the Pacific Northwest and three in the Northeast for a total of six sites. After the demonstration sites are finalized, and M&V instrumentation installations are complete, the team will gather performance data and confirm whether the CHPWH systems perform as predicted and use the data to improve the existing tools.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

Igiugig Site Visit Report

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) team conducted a site visit during January 23-25, 2019 with the Igiugig Village Council (IVC) and other stakeholders to assist the community of Igiugig in refining their long-term energy strategy. The agenda included a tour of the village, data collection, presentations, long-term visioning exercises, identification of energy scenarios, and a school presentation. Participants in the site visit activities spanned a range of local, regional, government, and industry participation. There were 24 attendees at the all-day community workshop on Thursday, January 24th, with participants from the IVC, NREL, Bristol Bay Native Association (BBNA), Bristol Bay Native Corporation (BBNC), Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska Energy Authority, Intergrid, ORPC, Deer Stone Consulting, the Southwest Alaska Municipal Conference, and University of Alaska Fairbanks - Alaska Center for Energy and Power. Igiugig is a well-organized rural Alaskan community, with a leadership team that appears to have broad community support. The use of consensus-based decision making is one tangible example of how the leadership team actively invokes and promotes community-focused thinking. The NREL team observed anecdotal evidence of how this approach seems to be strengthening the community: active participation in the visioning exercise, a student hosted fund-raiser dinner at the school, a clean and organized landfill, and well-maintained roads and buildings. Igiugig has wind, solar, and river hydrokinetic resources readily available within the community. Wind has shown to be a promising resource in the region, and has been integrated into microgrids around the state, but the community has had mixed success with wind technologies: some devices failed quickly and others continue to operate. The economics of solar energy are improving in Alaska, and economical solar projects are being installed around the state. Considering that economic activity in Igiugig peaks during the summer sport fishing season, solar could prove to be a valuable supplement to the electrical system. Igiugig has been a test site for two different river hydrokinetic devices, and they have began a third project to operate ORPC's RivGen device, which is delivering valuable device performance data, operations and maintenance experience, and design refinement information. Already, this device has made over 7-million revolutions, and delivered over 8 MWh of power to the community. Igiugig's river resource is fairly unique because it is available year-round and has the potential to provide reliable base-load power for months at a time. A preliminary investigation of this diverse resource mix suggests that Igiugig could achieve very high levels (70% or more) of annual renewable generation contributions. A critical step in pursuing this path is identifying the mix of energy assets (generation and storage) that best meets the community's budget, needs, and goals. The assets that a community installs early in their grid-modernization initiative can constrain the options that are economical at later stages, which may lead to sub-optimal solutions. This is where technical and economic analysis of potential scenarios (i.e., distinct mixes of energy assets) can be useful in identifying the most promising pathways so that a community can make informed and strategic decisions about the assets they install. These analyses are most accurate and informative when they are based on actual technology performance and cost data. As the RivGen project continues to operate and generate this data, we will be better prepared to evaluate the technology's long-term viability and to identify research areas that would improve it. Igiugig's energy projects are at the cutting edge of two intersecting technology areas: 1) deploying an operational river hydrokinetic turbine, and 2) integrating renewable energy sources to achieve very high percent renewables. If these projects are successful, the lessons learned and technologies developed could be valuable for other microgrids around the world. Igiugig's unique resource mix make it an ideal location for this work, and the community's organizational strength make it an ideal partner in this ground-breaking work. Ongoing support for technical assistance to manage and address technical challenges along the way will maximize the probability of project success.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

2022 LaserNetUS Users' Meeting

Organized and funded in 2018 through the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), LaserNetUS was created to provide vastly improved access to unique lasers for researchers. LaserNetUS is a network of ten high-power laser facilities, both academic and national laboratories, across the United States and Canada. These labs operate many of the premier mid- to large-scale high-intensity laser facilities in the US and Canada that are designed to be used in pioneering experimental studies in high energy density plasma and high field optical science. The network’s principal goal is to provide access to these state-of-the-art laser facilities to a broad range of researchers in the US and abroad. In its over four years of operation, LaserNetUS has awarded beamtime for over 60 user experiments to researchers from 25 different institutions. Over 400 user scientists, many of whom are students and post-docs, have participated in experiments at LaserNetUS facilities so far. The network now has over 1250 members. The LaserNetUS institutions are Colorado State University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, SLAC National Lab, The Ohio State University, University of Michigan, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Rochester, and University of Texas at Austin. LaserNetUS hosted its first in-person Annual Users’ Meeting at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, Aug 16-18, 2022. The meeting had 158 attendees, including 39 sponsored students and post-docs whose attendance and travel to the meeting were covered by DOE funds. Attendees included the 2018 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Donna Strickland. The program consisted of 5 plenary talks and several invited and contributed talks, a user community forum, a poster session, and built-in time for networking. The event focused on students and early career professionals. The poster session was held in combination with a reception to facilitate discussions and maximize interactions between the participants. The 39 sponsored students each presented a poster at the poster session, giving them valuable practice in sharing their research with others in the field. Many students and postdocs also gave talks during the main programming. Lunch and coffee breaks were provided for attendees for the duration of the conference on CSU’s campus. This allowed for networking among all participants. The building used to host the conference also had plenty of seating outside the auditorium, which was conducive to smaller one-on-one meetings and discussions between participants. There was also a lab tour of CSU’s Advanced Beam Laboratory. The day before and after the conference also included satellite meetings for the lab PIs and the Scientific Advisory Board. DOE support was used for rental of the auditorium and supporting rooms, student participation, 50% of the food costs, and transportation to the Advanced Beam Lab.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗