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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

The 1991 WMO ozone sonde intercomparison

The WMO ozone sonde intercomparison was held at Vanscoy, Saskatchewan from May 13 to May 24, 1991. The purpose of the intercomparison is to evaluate the performance of various ozone sonde types used operationally in the Global Ozone Observing System and to ensure that the accuracy and precision of the measurements are sufficient to detect long-term trends in stratospheric ozone. The intercomparison was sponsored by WMO and hosted by the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) of Canada. It was attended by scientists from six countries: Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Japan and USA. A total of 10 balloon payloads were launched each carrying 7 or 8 sondes for a total of 67 successful ozone sonde flights. The payloads were carried to altitudes between 35 and 40 km where the flights terminated by balloon burst. Results of the profile measurements made during the series of the profile measurements made during the series of flight are used to determine statistically meaningful evaluations of the different sonde types. A description of the payload and the different ozone sondes is given. Preliminary results of the profile measurements and an evaluation of the performance of the sonde types are presented.

Kerr, James B.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Performance tests on the Kohmyr ECC ozone sonde

The reliability and accuracy of the Kohmyr ECC ozone sonde are determined. Emphasis is placed on establishing and testing for leak-free connections and stable pump flow rates as well as properly adjusting the pumping pressure. Calibration of the Kohmyr ECC ozone sondes and Dasibi monitors is described. Raw ordinate data and ozone connection data are presented in tabular form. The results of a linear regression treatment of the sonde-indicated ozone concentration vs. Dasibi readings for each switch position are included along with averages of the regression parameters over the six sequencing switch positions. It is suggested that sondes and Dasibi monitors be individually calibrated before flight.

Bandy, A. R.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Climatology 2011: An MLS and Sonde Derived Ozone Climatology for Satellite Retrieval Algorithms

The ozone climatology used as the a priori for the version 8 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) retrieval algorithms has been updated. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on Aura has excellent latitude coverage and measures ozone daily from the upper troposphere to the lower mesosphere. The new climatology consists of monthly average ozone profiles for ten degree latitude zones covering pressure altitudes from 0 to 65 km. The climatology was formed by combining data from Aura MLS (2004-2010) with data from balloon sondes (1988-2010). Ozone below 8 km (below 12 km at high latitudes) is based on balloons sondes, while ozone above 16 km (21 km at high latitudes) is based on MLS measurements. Sonde and MLS data are blended in the transition region. Ozone accuracy in the upper troposphere is greatly improved because of the near uniform coverage by Aura MLS, while the addition of a large number of balloon sonde measurements improves the accuracy in the lower troposphere, in the tropics and southern hemisphere in particular. The addition of MLS data also improves the accuracy of climatology in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The revised climatology has been used for the latest reprocessing of SBUV and TOMS satellite ozone data.

McPeters, Richard D.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Assessing the Ability of Instantaneous Aircraft and Sonde Measurements to Characterize Climatological Means and Long-Term Trends in Tropospheric Composition

Over four decades of measurements exist that sample the 3-D composition of reactive trace gases in the troposphere from approximately weekly ozone sondes, instrumentation on civil aircraft, and individual comprehensive aircraft field campaigns. An obstacle to using these data to evaluate coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs)the models used to project future changes in atmospheric composition and climateis that exact space-time matching between model fields and observations cannot be done, as CCMs generate their own meteorology. Evaluation typically involves averaging over large spatiotemporal regions, which may not reflect a true average due to limited or biased sampling. This averaging approach generally loses information regarding specific processes. Here we aim to identify where discrete sampling may be indicative of long-term mean conditions, using the GEOS-Chem global chemical-transport model (CTM) driven by the MERRA reanalysis to reflect historical meteorology from 2003 to 2012 at 2o by 2.5o resolution. The model has been sampled at the time and location of every ozone sonde profile available from the Would Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC), along the flight tracks of the IAGOSMOZAICCARABIC civil aircraft campaigns, as well as those from over 20 individual field campaigns performed by NASA, NOAA, DOE, NSF, NERC (UK), and DLR (Germany) during the simulation period. Focusing on ozone, carbon monoxide and reactive nitrogen species, we assess where aggregates of the in situ data are representative of the decadal mean vertical, spatial and temporal distributions that would be appropriate for evaluating CCMs. Next, we identically sample a series of parallel sensitivity simulations in which individual emission sources (e.g., lightning, biogenic VOCs, wildfires, US anthropogenic) have been removed one by one, to assess where and when the aggregated observations may offer constraints on these processes within CCMs. Lastly, we show results of an additional 31-year simulation from 1980-2010 of GEOS-Chem driven by the MACCity emissions inventory and MERRA reanalysis at 4o by 5o. We sample the model at every WOUDC sonde and flight track from MOZAIC and NASA field campaigns to evaluate which aggregate observations are statistically reflective of long-term trends over the period.

Atmospheric composition↗
NASA NTRS1998

First results from the aerosol lidar and backscatter sonde intercomparison campaign STRAIT'1997 at table mountain facility during February-March 1997

First results of an intercomparison measurement campaign between three aerosol lidar instruments and in-situ backscatter sondes performed at Table Mountain Facility (34.4 deg N, 117.7 deg E, 2280 m asl) in February-March 1997 are presented. During the campaign a total of 414 hours of lidar data were acquired by the Aerosol-Temperature-Lidar (ATL, Goddard Space Flight Center) the Mobile-aerosol-Raman-Lidar (MARL, Alfred Wegener Institute), and the TMF-Aerosol-Lidar (TAL, Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and four backscatter sondes were launched. From the data set altitude profiles of backscatter ratio and volume depolarization of stratospheric background aerosols at altitudes between 15 and 25 km and optically thin high-altitude cirrus clouds at altitudes below 13 km are derived. On the basis of a sulfuric acid aerosol model color ratio profiles obtained from two wavelength lidar data are compared to the corresponding profiles derived from the sonde observations. We find an excellent agreement between the in-situ and ATL lidar data with respect to backscatter and color ratio. Cirrus clouds were present on 16 of 26 nights during the campaign. Lidar observations with 17 minute temporal and 120-300 m spatial resolution indicate high spatial and temporal variability of the cirrus layers. Qualitative agreement is found between concurrent lidar measurements of backscatter ratio and volume depolarization.

Beyerle, G.↗
DOE OSTI2023

TRACER-Sonde Ozonesonde and radiosonde data

The TRACER-Sonde campaign used electrochemical cell ozonesondes to measure vertical profiles of ozone, which can be a tracer for convective mixing, in conjunction with meteorological variables measured by a radiosonde. There were 32 days in which TRACER-Sonde had twice-daily ozonesondes from the TRACER M1 site at La Porte at ~11Z and ~15Z (6 am and 10 am LT). The ozonesonde profiles provide an additional method to validate boundary-layer height determinations and test assumptions about vertical mixing in pre-convective environments. There are six additional days with ~15Z radiosonde only (no ozone data) profiles.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2010

Detailed Structure of the Tropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere as Revealed by Balloon Sonde Observations of Water Vapor, Ozone, Temperature, and Winds During the NASA TCSP and TC4 Campaigns

We report on balloon sonde measurements of water vapor and ozone using the cryogenic frost point hygrometer and electrochemical concentration cell ozonesondes made at Alajuela, Costa Rica (10.0 N, 84.2 W) during two NASA airborne campaigns: the Tropical Convective Systems and Processes (TCSP) mission in July 2005 and the Tropical Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4), July - August 2007. In both campaigns we found an upper troposphere that was frequently supersaturated but no evidence that deep convection had reached the tropopause. The balloon sondes were complemented by campaigns of 4 times daily high-resolution radiosondes from mid-June through mid-August in both years. The radiosonde data reveal vertically propagating equatorial waves that caused a large increase in the variability of temperature in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). These waves episodically produced cold point tropopauses (CPTs) above 18 km, yet in neither campaign was saturation observed above approx 380 K or 17 km. The averages of the water vapor minima below this level were 5.2 ppmv in TCSP and 4.8 ppmv in TC4, and the individual profile minima all lay at or above approx 360 K. The average minima in this 360 C380 K layer provide a better estimate of the effective stratospheric entry value than the average mixing ratio at the CPT. We refer to this upper portion of the TTL as the tropopause saturation layer and consider it to be the locus of the final dehydration of nascent stratospheric air. As such, it is the local equivalent to the tape head of the water vapor tape recorder.

Selkirk, Henry B.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Rocket sonde measurements of ozone in the upper atmosphere

Rocket sonde measurement of ozone content in the mesosphere and stratosphere is accomplished by an in situ determination of the ozone mixing rates as a function of altitude from approximately 65 km to 20 km. A chemiluminescent detector is used as an ozone sensor.

Hilsenrath, E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

An evaluation of electrochemical concentration Cell (ECC) sonde measurements of atmospheric ozone

Using Dobson spectrophotometer measurements of total ozone as a comparison, an analysis of the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde's measurement accuracy is presented. Days of conjunctive ECC-Dobson observations (from 1970 to 1976 at Wallops Flight Center) provide a set of 123 pairs of total ozone values. Sample set statistics are generated with means and standard deviations of total ozone values and differences being noted. An in-depth study of factors such as time assumptions used in calculating residual ozone, and other possible sources of errors are examined. A study of ECC ozone profiles is also presented with an evaluation of sonde measurement of seasonal trends, altitude or peak ozone concentration, and other important ozone parameters. Short-period changes in total ozone using Dobson data during the observational period are also described.

Geraci, M. J.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Ozone variations observed during the International Ozone Rocket Sonde Intercomparison

The International Ozone Rocket Sonde Intercomparison (IORI) conducted at Wallops Island during October 1979 provided a unique opportunity to observe ozone variations in great detail from several observing systems. The measurement period lasted 15 days during which time ozone observations were taken by ground-based, balloon, rocket, and satellite instruments. These data provided a unique opportunity for diagnosing regional stratospheric variability over a 2 week period. Examination of NMC analyses indicated that during this period the stratospheric polar vortex moved southeastward bringing air form high latitudes to Wallops Island above 10 mb. A concurrent change was observed in the upper stratosphere ozone fields observed by Nimbus-7 SBUV and in the ozone vertical distribution measured by the rocket soundings. In this study the satellite and rocket measurements are compared. The agreement is good, certainly within the errors of the measurements.

Hilsenrath, E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The stratospheric aerosol particle measurement by balloon at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E): Outline of special sonde (rubber) campaign JARE 24

During the period of AMA (Antarctic Middle Atmosphere), various style balloons were used to measure atmospheric parameters at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E), Antarctica. The measurements which were made using balloons specially designed to monitor stratospheric aerosol particles are discussed. This type balloon was first used by JARE (Japan Antarctic Research Expedition) 24th Team in 1983. Until that time, the Japan Antarctic Research Expedition Team had been using only a large plastic balloon to monitor various minor constituents in the stratosphere. The plastic balloon was very useful, but it took a long time to arrange a balloon launching. Additionally, launching time strongly depended on weather conditions. A timely launching of the balloon was carried out with this specially designed sonde.

Iwasaka, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Intercomparison between ozone profiles measured above Spitsbergen by lidar and sonde techniques

This paper compares coincident ozone profile measurements by electrochemical sondes and lidar performed at Ny-Alesund/Spitsbergen. A detailed height dependent statistical analysis of the differences between these complementary methods was performed for the overlapping altitude region (13-35 km). The data set comprises ozone profile measurements conducted between Jan. 1989 and Jan. 1991. Differences of up to 25 percent were found above 30 km altitude.

Fabian, Rolf↗
NASA NTRS2008

SAUNA Ozone Profile Comparison: SBUV/2 and MLS versus Sondes and Lidar

The Sodankyla Total Column Ozone Intercomparison (SAUNA) was held in Sodankyla, Finland in March-April 2006 and February-March 2007 in support of Aura validation. The purpose of SAUNA was to assess the comparative performance of the ground-based instruments and algorithms when measuring total column ozone at large solar zenith angles and high total column ozone amounts. Results showed that the ozone profiles from the satellite instruments (MLS on Aura and SBUV/2 on NOAA 16) generally agreed with profiles from the ground-based instruments (lidar and sondes) within 10%. The largest differences were seen in the profile below 20 km, consistent with our conclusion that spatial variability in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere is a significant source of disagreement in these comparisons. The total column ozone comparison shows that SBUV/2 and OMI agree well with the double Brewer instruments provided the scenes are carefully matched.

McPeters, R. D.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Dynamics and control of a herd of sondes guided by a blimp on Titan

This paper describes the model and the algorithm developed for an aerobot blimb guiding and controlling a herd of sondes on the surface of Titan. The paper summarizes the derivation of the equations of motion used in simulations, and the features of the simulation model.

Kowalchuck, Scott↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Ozone Trends in the Lower Stratosphere from Ozone Sondes

Chemistry-Climate-Model simulations indicate that ozone in the mid-latitude lower troposphere should have generally been increasing since about 2000. Satellite data, however, have not confirmed such an increase. Instead, they seem to indicate that the pre-2000 decline of lower stratospheric ozone may have continued at mid-latitudes over the last 20 years as well [1,2]. Altitude resolution and information content of satellite observations on ozone in the lowermost stratosphere are, however, limited. Ozone sondes, on the other hand, provide the most detailed information on ozone in troposphere and lower stratosphere, but are limited to just a few soundings per month at maybe 40 stations world-wide [3].

lower stratospheric ozone trends↗