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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Performance evaluation of a metamaterial-based new cool roof using improved Roof Thermal Transfer Value model

A new cool roof with potential to generate significant energy savings in buildings has been developed from a metamaterial film named as RadiCold. Considering that the RadiCold film has unique optical and thermal characteristics and the current Roof Thermal Transfer Value model neglecting the effect of roof thermal mass that may lead to overestimating the cooling load from roofs, this work developed an improved Roof Thermal Transfer Value model and validated the model for both RadiCold cool roof and traditional roofing structures. Data from the reduced-size model building experiments showed that the improved Roof Thermal Transfer Value model can accurately describe the heat gains or losses via the roofs. Under real-world weather conditions in the United States (Tucson AZ, Los Angeles, CA, and Orlando FL), the improved Roof Thermal Transfer Value model has been applied to three types of roof exterior finishing: shingle, Thermoplastic Polyolefin (a cool roof material) and RadiCold. In a typical meteorology year, the modeling results show that the shingle and Thermoplastic Polyolefin roof transfer 78.9–294.1 kWh/(m 2 ·yr) and 8.5–128.2 kWh/(m 2 ·yr) of heat into the building space, respectively, but the RadiCold cool roof dissipates 137.6–268.7 kWh/(m 2 ·yr) of heat from the building space to outdoor environment (e.g., sky). The cooling load reduction from utilizing RadiCold cool roof results in cooling electricity savings of 113.0–143.9 kWh/(m 2 ·yr) compared to the shingle roof and 88.0–92.4 kWh/(m2·yr) compared to the Thermoplastic Polyolefin roof for the three analyzed locations with an assumed air conditioning system’s coefficient of performance of 3.0.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

Field Testing of an Unvented Roof with Fibrous Insulation, Tiles, and Vapor Diffusion Venting

BSC TO5 Task 2.5 Field Testing of an Un-vented Roof with Fibrous Insulation and Tiles - Winter Park, FL 32789 Field test data available for wood moisture contents, temperature, and relative humidity. Un-vented roofs (aka cathedral-ized attics) are an established presence in Florida residential building markets. These roofs are built with a layer of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) on the underside of the roof deck. Such a roof configuration positions the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment and ductwork within the conditioned space and improves airtight-ness in practice (by shifting the air barrier from the ceiling to the roofline). However, SPF is more expensive than fibrous insulation. Some builders have also become wary of using SPF because of liability concerns about indoor air quality and off-gassing. Unfortunately, un-vented roofs that use only air-permeable fibrous insulation (cellulose or fiberglass) have been demonstrated to be at risk of moisture issues in climate zone 2A because condensation and moisture accumulation occur at the ridge. This report describes research about a test implementation of an un-vented tile roof assembly in a hot-humid climate (Orlando, Florida; climate zone 2A); the roof was insulated with air-permeable insulation (netted and blown fiberglass). Given the localized moisture accumulation and failures seen in previous work, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America research team Building Science Corporation theorized that installation of diffusion vents might allow for the wintertime release of moisture to safe levels. Diffusion vents are open slots at the roof's highest points (the ridge and hips) that are covered with a water-resistant but vapor-open (500+ perm) air barrier membrane. The test home is a two-story slab-on-grade structure (3,600 ft2 ); the roof was insulated with a prototype insulation system (called boxed netting), which allows full depth insulation (i.e., it is not limited by the depth of the truss top chord). As a control comparison, one part of the roof was constructed as a typical un-vented roof (with a self-adhered membrane at the ridge). Ideally, failure would occur in the control roof and the experimental (diffusion vent) roofs would show sufficient drying to avoid failure. No intentional space conditioning was provided in the un-vented attic so worst-case humidity buildup conditions could be observed.

air leakage↗
DOE OSTI2016

Field Testing of an Unvented Roof with Fibrous Insulation, Tiles and Vapor Diffusion Venting

This research is a test implementation of an unvented tile roof assembly in a hot-humid climate (Orlando, FL; Zone 2A), insulated with air permeable insulation (netted and blown fiberglass). Given the localized moisture accumulation and failures seen in previous unvented roof field work, it was theorized that a 'diffusion vent' (water vapor open, but air barrier 'closed') at the highest points in the roof assembly might allow for the wintertime release of moisture, to safe levels. The 'diffusion vent' is an open slot at the ridge and hips, covered with a water-resistant but vapor open (500+ perm) air barrier membrane. As a control comparison, one portion of the roof was constructed as a typical unvented roof (self-adhered membrane at ridge). The data collected to date indicate that the diffusion vent roof shows greater moisture safety than the conventional, unvented roof design. The unvented roof had extended winter periods of 95-100% RH, and wafer (wood surrogate RH sensor) measurements indicating possible condensation; high moisture levels were concentrated at the roof ridge. In contrast, the diffusion vent roofs had drier conditions, with most peak MCs (sheathing) below 20%. In the spring, as outdoor temperatures warmed, all roofs dried well into the safe range (10% MC or less). Some roof-wall interfaces showed moderately high MCs; this might be due to moisture accumulation at the highest point in the lower attic, and/or shading of the roof by the adjacent second story. Monitoring will be continued at least through spring 2016 (another winter and spring).

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2020

Where Are White Roofs More Effective in Cooling the Surface?

Solar reflective roofs (also called white or cool roofs) are a common heat mitigation strategy. By reflecting more sunlight than regular roofs, cool roofs experience lower surface temperatures and produce less heating of the surrounding air. The effectiveness of cool roofs, quantified by the surface temperature difference between cool roofs and regular roofs ??????, is known to vary spatially. A common perception is that ?????? is controlled by solar radiation that reaches the roof surface. Here we use an Earth System Model and a surface energy balance model to show that the spatial variability of ??????, when normalized by the albedo difference between cool roofs and regular roofs (????), is in fact more controlled by an energy distribution factor that encodes the efficiencies of surface energy balance components in dissipating heat. Our results suggest that painting the roof white is more effective in reducing the roof surface temperature when the roof has less water holding capacity and smaller thermal admittance and is located in places with more solar radiation, less precipitation, and lower wind speed.

Wang, Linying↗
DOE OSTI2016

Field Testing Unvented Roofs with Asphalt Shingles in Cold and Hot-humid Climates

BSC TO5 Task 7.1 Field Testing Unvented Roofs with Asphalt Shingles in Cold Climates - Bolingbrook, IL 60440 BSC TO5 Task 7.1 Field Testing Unvented Roofs with Asphalt Shingles in Hot-Humid Climates - Friendswood, TX 77546 To understand the long-term moisture performance of unvented roof assemblies with fibrous insulation, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building America team Building Science Corporation built and monitored test roofs in two climates: a cold-climate test house in Bolingbrook, Illinois (Chicago area; zone 5A), and a hot-humid test house in Friendswood, Texas (Houston area, zone 2A). The Chicago-area test bed had seven parallel experimental rafter bays. The assemblies included a control vented compact (cathedral) roof, a dense-pack cellulose unvented roof, and an unvented roof with a "diffusion vent" (a strip of vapor-permeable gypsum sheathing at the ridge to allow drying). The interior finish was gypsum wallboard (GWB) with latex paint. The other four bays were top vent roof assemblies, which have a polypropylene breather mesh between the roof sheathing and the asphalt shingles to allow ventilation drying of the assembly from underneath the vapor-impermeable shingles. Two of the four "top vent" roofs were fiberglass batt and two were dense-pack cellulose roofs with either interior GWB or open to the interior. Wintertime moisture-related failure was accelerated by providing interior humidification (22.2 degree C [72 degree F]/50% relative humidity [RH]), which is known to be an extreme interior loading). Data were captured over 8 months, including a winter and the following spring and early summer.

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DOE OSTI2019

Optimization of cool roof and night ventilation in office buildings: A case study in Xiamen, China

Increasing roof albedo (using a “cool” roof) and night ventilation are passive cooling technologies that can reduce the cooling loads in buildings, but existing studies have not comprehensively explored the potential benefits of integrating these two technologies. This study combines an experiment in the summer and transition seasons with an annual simulation so as to evaluate the thermal performance, energy savings and thermal comfort improvement that could be obtained by coupling a cool roof with night ventilation. A holistic approach integrating sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization is developed to explore key design parameters (roof albedo, night ventilation air change rate, roof insulation level and internal thermal mass level) and optimal design options for the combined application of the cool roof and night ventilation. The proposed approach is validated and demonstrated through studies on a six-storey office building in Xiamen, a cooling-dominated city in southeast China. Simulations show that combining a cool roof with night ventilation can significantly decrease the annual cooling energy consumption by 27% compared to using a black roof without night ventilation and by 13% compared to using a cool roof without night ventilation. Roof albedo is the most influential parameter for both building energy performance and indoor thermal comfort. Optimal use of the cool roof and night ventilation can reduce the annual cooling energy use by 28% during occupied hours when air-conditioners are on and reduce the uncomfortable time slightly during occupied hours when air-conditioners are off.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2018

Thermal impact of adhesive-mounted rooftop PV on underlying roof shingles

Adhesive mounting of residential rooftop photovoltaics (PV) is an alternative to traditional rack mounting that reduces installation costs. Adhesive mounting is fast, simple and reduces the need for skilled labor. In our novel design that further reduces the installation costs, a lightweight (glassless and frameless) PV module is directly adhered to a shingled roof using an adhesive tape, creating a <5 mm air gap between the PV back-panel and the roof shingle surface. Although the gap is sufficient for moisture and rainwater transport under the PV panel, potential heat buildup under the module may adversely impact the long-term durability of the shingles. Heat buildup may also increase the heat flux through the roof, resulting in an overall increase in building cooling loads. This study investigates the thermal behavior of the roof under an adhered PV system. Two identical test huts with dark shingle-covered roofs were located in the hot, desert climate of Albuquerque, NM. Adhesively-mounted lightweight PV modules were installed on the south-facing roof of one of the test huts (PV hut), with the other one serving as a reference hut. During the summer season, the asphalt roof shingles under the PV modules experienced a 13 °C reduction in daytime peak temperature compared with the exposed shingles. No evidence of heat buildup under the PV module was observed. It was also found that the temperature of shingles underneath the adhesive was up to 6 °C higher than for shingles underneath the gap space at the daily peak time. Thin but ventilated air gap between the PV back-panel and the roof shingles helped remove the heat, while the adhesive pads (patches) served as thermal bridges between the PV module and the roof. Daily peak heat flow through the attic ceiling was almost 49% lower in the PV hut compared to the reference hut. These results show no evidence of an adverse thermal impact of the adhesive-mounted PV system on the roofing materials, while demonstrating a potential for a notable reduction in space conditioning energy requirements.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Strong influence of convective heat transfer efficiency on the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation

Abstract By enhancing evapotranspiration (ET), green roofs provide cooling benefits for the urban environment and are recognized as a promising heat mitigation strategy. The evaporative cooling effects of green roofs strongly depend on the soil moisture conditions and thus irrigation may be needed to sustain the cooling benefits. It has been shown that the magnitude of cooling benefits offered by green roof irrigation varies spatially, but its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we combine a surface energy balance (SEB) model with global simulations generated by an improved Earth System Model to illustrate the key factors controlling the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation. We employ a simple irrigation scheme, which is only active when there is no ice in soil layers and when the soil moisture is below field capacity. As a result, most of the irrigation water leaves the green roof system via ET. We find that the magnitude and also the spatial variability of the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation are controlled by the irrigation amount, and a surface energy redistribution factor that encodes the efficiencies of different SEB components in transferring heat. Further analysis indicates that the enhancement of latent heat flux due to irrigation is largely balanced by the reduction of sensible heat flux on green roofs. Therefore, the amount of irrigation needed per unit decrease of green roof surface temperature is mainly controlled by the convective heat transfer efficiency. A lower convective heat transfer efficiency (e.g. under a lower wind speed) helps reduce the amount of irrigation needed per unit decrease of green roof surface temperature. This study highlights the importance of SEB in constraining the cooling benefits of green roof irrigation and provides valuable guidance for urban planners and policy makers in terms of heat mitigation and sustainable water management.

Wang, Linying (ORCID:0000000308769220)↗
DOE OSTI2016

Using Hygrothermal Modeling to Resolve Practical Low-Slope Roofing Issues

Within building envelope science, the use of tools to model performance of the building envelope has evolved, and designers and scientists today have a myriad of tools available. Hygrothermal modeling is one such tool and, when used correctly, offers designers and forensic investigators important information about the movement of moisture within the building envelope. This traditional use of hygrothermal modeling is maturing as models are validated with field experience, creating a confidence in the modeling tools and their predictive capabilities. Based on this confidence, application of hygrothermal modeling to a more practical application is an evolution whose time has arrived. With changes in materials and methods, the performance of roofing systems can often times no longer be based on experience alone. Roofing contractors have been confounded by the unexplained and unplanned-for presence of moisture in roofing systems. Although hygrothermal modeling can be used to explain where the moisture came from, we propose that it should be used to prevent its occurrence. Unfortunately, more than 70 % of the roofing market is in reroofing, and oftentimes, a designer is not engaged in the roofing system design. Without the expertise of a designer and given that hygrothermal modeling is not well understood by the roofing industry, its adoption as a tool that can prevent problems has not been widely seen. This paper presents an extensive summary of hygrothermal modeling performed for roofing systems and then shows how the modeling can be used to create simple resources for roofing contractors to reduce the potential for moisture condensation at critical locations within a roofing system. The systems modeled have shown a propensity for moisture accumulation, and the use of hygrothermal modeling to eliminate these problems is a practical application of a building science tool that can greatly improve the durability of roofing systems.

Desjarlais, Andre Omer↗
DOE OSTI2024

Parameters and surrounding rock control of gob-side driving under double key stratum after roof cutting

Taking the return-airway 4204 with roof cutting in Longquan Coal Mine as the engineering background, roof structure, key parameters, and deviatoric stress evolution were studied. Conclusion: The Key Stratum within a 4–8 times mining height is considered as Near Key Stratum. Cutting the roof makes it possible to form a cantilever structure of the Key Stratum on the solid coal side, which is more conducive to the stability of gob-side roadway. During cutting angle of 90–55°, the deviatoric stress increases linearly, and the increase rate is coal pillar > solid coal > roof > floor. While cutting length from 0 to 35 m, the deviatoric stress decreases linearly, and the decreasing range: coal pillar > solid coal > roof > floor. When coal pillar width is from 30 to 4 m, the deviatoric stress of left side and floor presents a “single peak” distribution. The deviatoric stress of coal pillar changes from an asymmetric “double peak” to a bell-shaped distribution, and the deviatoric stress of roof changes from a “single peak” to an asymmetric “double peak” distribution. Under same coal pillar width, the deviatoric stress of left, coal pillar and roof after roof cutting decreases most obviously, followed by the floor. Finally, the coal pillar width is 8 m, the cutting angle is 75°, the cutting length is 20 m, and the hole spacing is 1.0 m. The support scheme is bolt + metal mesh + steel belt + anchor cable combined support. The stable period of roadway is about 10 days.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Field Testing of an Unvented Roof with Fibrous Insulation, Tiles, and Vapor Diffusion Venting

This research is a test implementation of an unvented tile roof assembly in a hot-humid climate (Orlando, FL; Zone 2A), insulated with air permeable insulation (netted and blown fiberglass). Given the localized moisture accumulation and failures seen in previous unvented roof field work, it was theorized that a 'diffusion vent' (water vapor open, but air barrier 'closed') at the highest points in the roof assembly might allow for the wintertime release of moisture, to safe levels. The 'diffusion vent' is an open slot at the ridge and hips, covered with a water-resistant but vapor open (500+ perm) air barrier membrane. As a control comparison, one portion of the roof was constructed as a typical unvented roof (self-adhered membrane at ridge). The data collected to date indicate that the diffusion vent roof shows greater moisture safety than the conventional, unvented roof design.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Roof ponds combined with a water-to-air heat exchanger as a passive cooling system: Experimental comparison of two system variants

Two roof pond configurations combined with a water-to-air heat exchanger (WAHE) are evaluated. Test cells of 1.35 m × 1.35 m x 1.35 m with the same thermal properties, except for the roofs, are built in a hot-dry climate with mild winters. They are connected with a WAHE placed inside the roof pond's water by a pipe through which the indoor air is re-circulated. The first roof consists of a 0.35 m deep water pond covered with a floating polystyrene insulation 0.03 m thick, and a spray system located 0.5 m above it that operates at night. The second roof is covered with an aluminum plate separated by a 0.10 m air gap above a 0.25 m deep water pond. We ran multiple series and compared the results to a control cell that had a California energy code compliant insulated roof. Predictive equations are developed to dimension the WAHE system. Results demonstrate that the cells with roof ponds have better cooling performance than the code compliant control cell. The best performance is obtained in the cell with the WAHE operating continuously. In this case, the indoor temperature stayed below 24 °C even with ambient temperatures above 35 °C.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

Observations and Lessons Learned From Installing Residential Roofing-Integrated Photovoltaics

Building-sited solar photovoltaics (PV) could play a key role in decarbonizing the building sector either through racked and mounted PV or through Building-integrated PV (BIPV). BIPV is installed into the building envelope itself, with solar cells and/or modules forming the outer layer of a building structure, thus transforming a single-purpose structure into one that serves the dual purposes of the building envelope and electricity. BIPV can be applied to building roofs, facades, awnings, pergolas, windows, skylights, balustrades, and other external surfaces. Given BIPV products vary widely, the focus of this research is residential roofing integrated PV (RIPV), where solar is incorporated into or otherwise replaces the roofing material. Previous research suggests that residential RIPV could reduce customer acquisition, labor, supply chain, and equipment costs. These products have yet to realize these cost savings and deployment remains significantly less than conventional rooftop PV as a relative share of the addressable market in the US. One potential barrier to broader residential roofing integrated PV deployment may be higher costs relative to conventional rooftop PV, primarily because the design and installation of these products is still evolving. Here, we explore residential RIPV cost-reduction opportunities by analyzing installation processes. Our study documents residential RIPV installations at 2 reroofing sites and the equivalent of 9 new construction sites in California through a methodology known as time and motion study. We also conducted interviews with subject-matter experts to identify barriers and solutions to maximize these products' market penetration. Our time and motion study breaks the RIPV installation process into four steps: 1) staging, unloading, and roof preparation; 2) fire resistant underlayment(s) (synthetic material laid between roof shingles and roof deck); 3) flashings and PV installation; and 4) wiring and monitoring. We measure the time required for each step in terms of worker-hours, representing an hour of labor from a single worker. We further normalize process time by dividing worker-hours by kilowatt (kW) of system capacity. The most time-intensive step was flashings and PV installation, taking around 2.4 worker-hours per kW on average and accounting for around 60% of the process time for an average installation. The total installation process took on average about 6.4 and 3.5 worker-hours per kW at the reroofing sites and new construction sites, respectively. For comparison, a previous time and motion study documented a time of 6.9 worker-hours per kW for conventional rooftop PV. The shorter RIPV installation times are consistent with previous studies suggesting that RIPV could be installed faster than conventional rooftop PV. The time and motion results and feedback from interviewees provide insights into potential residential RIPV cost reduction opportunities. Several interviewees suggested that these products would be more efficient if PV installation was more fully integrated into the roofing/construction industries, which currently use separate supply chains and skillsets. Further integration could reduce supply chain delays and labor force redundancies. Future research could explore specific ways to integrate these industries to help realize the cost savings potential of RIPV.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Roof-integrated radiative air-cooling system to achieve cooler attic for building energy saving

The building attic usually subjects to substantial solar heat gain and has much higher temperature compared to the conditioned living space during the day, especially in summer and in hot areas. Reducing attic temperature can reduce cooling energy consumption in buildings. However, conventional techniques such as cool roof or attic ventilation, suffer from either heating penalty in winter or limited attic temperature reduction. In this work, a new roof-integrated radiative air-cooling system is introduced, which couples radiative sky cooling with attic ventilation to reduce attic temperature. A radiative air cooler with 1.08 m 2 surface area is constructed using a recently developed daytime radiative sky cooling metamaterial [Zhai et al., Science 355, pp. 1062–1066, 2017]. Experimental tests show that sub-ambient air cooling is achieved throughout 24-h day-and-night cycle in a summer day with clear sky conditions. Depending on air flow rates, measured sub-ambient temperature reductions of air are 5–8°C at night and 3–5°C at noon under direct sunlight, respectively. An in-house model is first developed for the radiative air-cooling system, the model is then coupled with EnergyPlus to study annual energy saving of buildings. The performance of the radiative air-cooling system is compared with three reference systems: shingle roof, attic ventilation, and cool roof. Results show that for a single-family house, attic temperature can be substantially reduced by 15.5–21.0°C, varying with attic insulation level, compared to shingle roof on typical summer days. Compared to a shingle roof (solar reflectance 0.25, thermal emittance 0.9) residential building with attic insulations of R-30 (RSI-5.28), R-10 (RSI-1.76), and R-0.8 (RSI-0.14), the roof-integrated radiative air-cooling system can achieve annual cooling energy savings of 0.4–1.5 kWh/m 2 (4.6–18.8%), 1.2–3.6 kWh/m 2 (10.2–41.4%), and 3.7–11.8 kWh/m 2 (26.5–76.1%) respectively.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Retrofitting Buildings with Solar-Reflective Roofs and Walls and its Impact on Peak Power Demand

Buildings are a major consumer of electricity in the United States and a significant portion of the consumption comes from heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications. Passive cooling strategies in the building envelope help to reduce the energy consumption for HVAC as well as peak electricity demand. Although being one of the most cost-effective passive cooling strategies, modern reflective roofing and reflective exterior wall technology is not well documented for its impact on peak demand. This study utilized whole building energy simulations on residential and commercial building prototype models to quantify the impact of cool roofs and cool exterior walls. The analysis was performed in three climate zones with varying insulation levels and solar reflectances for roofs and exterior walls. For both the residential and commercial buildings, the baseline building had a roof solar reflectance value of 0.10 and an exterior wall solar reflectance value of 0.25. The results from the simulations show that roofs and exterior walls with higher reflectance values increase cooling energy savings but can also increase heating energy consumption. The impact of changes in solar reflectances was greater in buildings with low roof/wall insulation levels compared to roofs/walls with higher insulation levels. A baseline for the simulations was set with the roof and exterior wall solar reflectances set at 0.1 and 0.25, respectively and simulations having varying roof and exterior wall thermal resistances were compared to the baselines.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Interior Insulation of Masonry Walls and Flat Roofs

Measure Guideline: Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit for Zero Energy Ready House Flat Roofs BSC TO5 Task 7.4 Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit (DEER) for Interior Insulation of Masonry Walls Lawrence, MA 01840 This Measure Guideline describes a deep energy enclosure retrofit solution for insulating mass masonry buildings from the interior. It describes the retrofit assembly, technical details, and installation sequence for retrofitting masonry walls. Interior insulation of masonry retrofits might adversely affect the durability of the wall. This guideline includes a review of decision criteria pertinent to retrofitting masonry walls from the interior and the possible risk of freeze-thaw damage. This Measure Guideline is intended to support contractors who are implementing an interior insulation-based high-performance enclosure retrofit for masonry buildings and designers who are looking to design such retrofits. It may also be helpful to building owners who wish to learn more about strategies that are available for deep energy enclosure retrofit of masonry residential buildings on the interior. This Measure Guideline is important to the high-performance retrofit industry because the solution described here provides an opportunity to retrofit masonry buildings with ambitious energy performance goals by insulating them from the interior without disturbing their exterior appearance. BSC TO5 Task 7.4 Deep Energy Enclosure Retrofit (DEER) for Zero Energy Ready House (ZERH) Flat Roofs House Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 This Measure Guideline provides design and construction information for a deep energy enclosure retrofit solution of a flat roof assembly. It describes the strategies and procedures for an exterior retrofit of a flat wood-framed roof with brick masonry exterior walls using exterior and interior (framing cavity) insulation. The approach supported in this guide could also be adapted for use with flat wood-framed roofs with wood-framed exterior walls. Designers, contractors, and building code officials will benefit from the information contained in this Measure Guideline. The guide may also be helpful to building owners who wish to learn more about strategies for deep energy enclosure retrofit of flat roofs. This Measure Guideline is important to the high-performance retrofit industry because it demonstrates techniques for retrofitting flat roofs from the exterior, which is less disruptive to the living space and allows the structure to remain occupied during the project. It also illustrates a solution for preparing homes to become zero energy ready.

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