Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “pervaporation”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

8 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2009

Nano-Pervaporation Membrane with Heat Exchanger Generates Medical-Grade Water

A nanoporous membrane is used for the pervaporation process in which potable water is maintained, at atmospheric pressure, on the feed side of the membrane. The water enters the non-pervaporation (NPV) membrane device where it is separated into two streams -- retentate water and permeated water. The permeated pure water is removed by applying low vapor pressure on the permeate side to create water vapor before condensation. This permeated water vapor is subsequently condensed by coming in contact with the cool surface of a heat exchanger with heat being recovered through transfer to the feed water stream.

Tsai, Chung-Yi↗
NASA NTRS1977

Water diffusion membranes 3 (pervaporation and heat rejection through composite membranes)

The problem of waste management in space is discussed for manned space flight. It is shown that such waste can be accounted for in one of four ways: (1) the waste may be dumped into space; (2) it may be accumulated for return to earth; (3) the waste may be separated into two fractions, one fraction (water) to be dumped into space and the remaining portion to be returned to earth; or (4) the waste components may be beneficially reused.

Cabasso, I.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Development of an improved membrane for a vapor diffusion water recovery process

Recovery of potable water from urine on manned space missions of extended duration was the objective of work aimed at the improvement of membrane performance for the vapor diffusion process (VDR). Kynar, Teflon, PVC, and polysulfone candidate membranes were evaluated from chemical, thermal, mechanical, and fabricating standpoints to determine their suitability for operation in the VDR pervaporation module. Pervaporation rates and other performance characteristics were determined in a breadboard pervaporator test rig. Kynar and Teflon membranes were demonstrated to be chemically stable at pervaporation temperatures in urine pretreated with chromic acid bactericide. The separation of the pervaporator and condenser modules, the use of a recirculating sweep gas to conduct pervaporate to the condenser, and the selection of a hollow fiber membrane configuration for pervaporator module design is recommended as a result of the investigation.

Rich, T. R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Physical/chemical closed-loop water-recycling

Water needs, water sources, and means for recycling water are examined in terms appropriate to the water quality requirements of a small crew and spacecraft intended for long duration exploration missions. Inorganic, organic, and biological hazards are estimated for waste water sources. Sensitivities to these hazards for human uses are estimated. The water recycling processes considered are humidity condensation, carbon dioxide reduction, waste oxidation, distillation, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, electrodialysis, ion exchange, carbon sorption, and electrochemical oxidation. Limitations and applications of these processes are evaluated in terms of water quality objectives. Computerized simulation of some of these chemical processes is examined. Recommendations are made for development of new water recycling technology and improvement of existing technology for near term application to life support systems for humans in space. The technological developments are equally applicable to water needs on Earth, in regions where extensive water recycling is needed or where advanced water treatment is essential to meet EPA health standards.

Herrmann, Cal C.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Physical/chemical closed-loop water-recycling for long-duration missions

Water needs, water sources, and means for recycling water are examined in terms appropriate to the water quality requirements of a small crew and spacecraft intended for long duration exploration missions. Inorganic, organic, and biological hazards are estimated for waste water sources. Sensitivities to these hazards for human uses are estimated. The water recycling processes considered are humidity condensation, carbon dioxide reduction, waste oxidation, distillation, reverse osmosis, pervaporation, electrodialysis, ion exchange, carbon sorption, and electrochemical oxidation. Limitations and applications of these processes are evaluated in terms of water quality objectives. Computerized simulation of some of these chemical processes is examined. Recommendations are made for development of new water recycling technology and improvement of existing technology for near term application to life support systems for humans in space. The technological developments are equally applicable to water needs on earth, in regions where extensive water ecycling is needed or where advanced water treatment is essential to meet EPA health standards.

Herrmann, Cal C.↗
NASA NTRS2009

NASA Tech Briefs, September 2009

opics covered include: Filtering Water by Use of Ultrasonically Vibrated Nanotubes; Computer Code for Nanostructure Simulation; Functionalizing CNTs for Making Epoxy/CNT Composites; Improvements in Production of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; Progress Toward Sequestering Carbon Nanotubes in PmPV; Two-Stage Variable Sample-Rate Conversion System; Estimating Transmitted-Signal Phase Variations for Uplink Array Antennas; Board Saver for Use with Developmental FPGAs; Circuit for Driving Piezoelectric Transducers; Digital Synchronizer without Metastability; Compact, Low-Overhead, MIL-STD-1553B Controller; Parallel-Processing CMOS Circuitry for M-QAM and 8PSK TCM; Differential InP HEMT MMIC Amplifiers Embedded in Waveguides; Improved Aerogel Vacuum Thermal Insulation; Fluoroester Co-Solvents for Low-Temperature Li+ Cells; Using Volcanic Ash to Remove Dissolved Uranium and Lead; High-Efficiency Artificial Photosynthesis Using a Novel Alkaline Membrane Cell; Silicon Wafer-Scale Substrate for Microshutters and Detector Arrays; Micro-Horn Arrays for Ultrasonic Impedance Matching; Improved Controller for a Three-Axis Piezoelectric Stage; Nano-Pervaporation Membrane with Heat Exchanger Generates Medical-Grade Water; Micro-Organ Devices; Nonlinear Thermal Compensators for WGM Resonators; Dynamic Self-Locking of an OEO Containing a VCSEL; Internal Water Vapor Photoacoustic Calibration; Mid-Infrared Reflectance Imaging of Thermal-Barrier Coatings; Improving the Visible and Infrared Contrast Ratio of Microshutter Arrays; Improved Scanners for Microscopic Hyperspectral Imaging; Rate-Compatible LDPC Codes with Linear Minimum Distance; PrimeSupplier Cross-Program Impact Analysis and Supplier Stability Indicator Simulation Model; Integrated Planning for Telepresence With Time Delays; Minimizing Input-to-Output Latency in Virtual Environment; Battery Cell Voltage Sensing and Balancing Using Addressable Transformers; Gaussian and Lognormal Models of Hurricane Gust Factors; Simulation of Attitude and Trajectory Dynamics and Control of Multiple Spacecraft; Integrated Modeling of Spacecraft Touch-and-Go Sampling; Spacecraft Station-Keeping Trajectory and Mission Design Tools; Efficient Model-Based Diagnosis Engine; and DSN Simulator.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2011

Oxygen Extraction from Regolith Using Ionic Liquids

An important concern with long-duration manned space travel is the need to furnish enough materials to the vehicle, as well as the crew, for the duration of the mission. By extracting oxygen from the oxides present in regolith, propellant and life support could be supplied to the vehicle and the crew while in space, thereby limiting the amount of supplies needed prior to lift-off. Using a class of compounds known as ionic liquids, we have been able to lower the electrolysis operating temperature from 1600 C (molten oxide electrolysis) to less than 200 C, making this process much more feasible in terms of energy consumption and materials handling. To make this process ready for deployment into space, we have investigated what steps of the process would be affected by the low-gravity environment in space. In the lab, the solubilization of lunar regolith simulant in ionic liquid produces water vapor that is normally distilled out of solution and subsequently electrolyzed for oxygen production. This distillation is not possible in space, so we have tested a method known as pervaporation and have suggested a way this technique could be incorporated into a reactor design.

Barrios, Elizabeth A.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Water Walls Architecture: Massively Redundant And Highly Reliable Life Support For Long Duration Exploration Missions

The Water Wall concept proposes a system for structural elements that provide,thermal, radiation, water, solids and air treatment functions which are placed at the periphery of inflatable or rigid habitats. It also provides novel and potentially game changing mass reduction and reuse options for radiation protection. The approach would allow water recycling, air treatment, thermal control, and solids residuals treatment and recycling to be removed from the usable habitat volume, and placed in the walls by way of a radiation shielding water wall. It would also provide a mechanism to recover and reuse water treatment (solids) residuals to strengthen the habitat shell and a method of deriving radiation shielding from wastes generated on orbit. Water wall treatment elements would be a much-enlarged version of the commercially available hydration bags. Some water bags may have pervaporation membranes facing outward, which would provide the ability to remove H20, C02 and trace organics from the atmosphere and some would have hydrophobic internal membranes which would provide water, and waste recycling and some power generation.

Water Recycling↗