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Offshore Wind Energy Fundamentals for Bangladesh [Slides]

Bangladesh is aiming to limit emissions, and gain access to cleaner, more efficient technologies to support economic growth as the nation strives to achieve high-income status by 2041. Bangladesh identified that it has a potential for offshore wind energy, especially at hub heights of 140 to 160 meters, which is pivotal in diversifying the country's energy mix and ensuring energy security. This one-day webinar is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through two projects: (1) Reinforcing Advanced Energy Systems (RAES) project, implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and (2) Bangladesh Advancing Development and Growth through Energy (BADGE) project, implemented by Tetra Tech.

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Seventh Oregon Climate Assessment

Consistent with its charge under Oregon House Bill 3543, the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute (OCCRI) conducts a biennial assessment of the state of climate change science, including biological, physical, and social science, as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on Oregon. This seventh Oregon Climate Assessment, which builds on the previous assessments, is structured with the goal of supporting the state's mitigation planning for natural hazards and implementation of the Oregon Climate Change Adaptation Framework.

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Offshore Wind Guide

The WINDExchange Offshore Wind Energy Guide is a foundational resource that introduces the major concepts and topics within offshore wind energy: project anatomy and component characteristics; the project development process; siting of turbines and other infrastructure; state and local involvement in offshore wind energy development; community impacts; public engagement in decision making and planning; Tribal considerations; economic impacts; supply chain, ports, and vessels, and workforce. This guide is intended to provide information and resources that can build a foundation of knowledge and understanding about offshore wind energy and create a launching point for readers to seek out additional information about the topics and issues of interest to them.

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IEA Wind TCP Task 49: Reference Site Conditions for Floating Wind Arrays

This report, prepared within Work package 1 of IEA Wind Task 49, presents reference site conditions for floating wind arrays to serve as a design basis for the techno-economic design of reference floating wind arrays. Data of the reference sites presented here are publicly available in an open database and thus support fast development and comparable design of floating wind arrays for various relevant conditions. The development of these reference sites drew on existing open access datasets and ongoing research projects of task participants. Six classes were identified that describe relevant key conditions for the design and development of floating wind arrays: met-ocean conditions, seabed conditions, coastal infrastructure, environmental impact, socio-economic impact, as well as regulations and permissions. The reference sites for the techno-economic design of floating wind arrays are based on a concept with building blocks to synthesize purpose-built site representations. In each of the identified classes with influencing design factors, building blocks are used to describe the characteristic properties and their spread. However, the latter three classes (i.e., environmental impact, socio-economic impact, regulations and permissions) are not included in the reference site conditions due to limited knowledge and lack of reliable criteria to quantify their impact on the techno-economic design in numeric parameters. Building blocks with key parameters for the techno-economic design of floating wind arrays are provided for met-ocean conditions, seabed conditions, and coastal infrastructure. For met-ocean conditions, multiple sites were selected for detailed analysis that represent a range of conditions across the pipeline of floating wind projects. Wind conditions and sea states are separated, and each location considers both the severity of wind and waves e.g. one site may have a moderate wave condition but severe wind condition. From this pipeline, eleven representative sites were selected where both site-specific analysis was available within the consortium, and where they represent different parts of the global pipeline. The eleven sites are: Hannibal (Italy), Humboldt (US), Ulsan (South Korea), MoneyPoint One (Ireland), Havbredey (UK), Fukushima (Japan), Utsira Nord (Norway), Gulf of Maine (US), Sud de la Bretagne II (France), Sorlige Nordsjo II (Norway). Each of these sites is summarized in the main report while more details about the studies and analyses behind the datasets are provided in the appendix. For seabed conditions, general information about the geotechnical parameters is provided and a baseline is established for the geotechnical parameters and stratigraphy that may be encountered on the sites. A set of six 'synthetic cases' is defined as building blocks providing the different parameters required for design under each case/soil condition. For the coastal infrastructure, general information about the main requirements is provided that a port should comply with to provide a satisfactory service during the construction of floating offshore wind arrays. Minimum port infrastructural requirements are provided for three types of ports.

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Review of Feasibility and Cost Drivers for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in Washington State

The state of Washington must double its clean electricity supply by 2050 to meet its clean energy goals and comply with the Clean Energy Transformation Act. With more than 6.6 GW of technical resource potential in federal waters where Bureau of Ocean Energy Management has leasing authority, offshore wind energy could play an important role in diversifying Washington State's clean energy mix, reducing dependence on out-of-state energy sources, and helping meet state decarbonization goals. Decision makers need technology-specific information to assist with long-term energy system planning, so the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management requested that the National Renewable Energy Laboratory provide an overview of several drivers of offshore wind energy feasibility and cost in Washington. This study summarizes some of the existing engagement efforts and perspectives on offshore wind energy in the region and quantifies the offshore wind resources in Washington as well as technology costs and performance of potential projects. Furthermore, this report reviews existing grid and port infrastructure and discusses infrastructure needs along with information gaps. This study also explores opportunities and barriers to Washington entities supporting the broader floating offshore wind energy supply chain along the U.S. West Coast. Note that this study is not part of a formal project planning process or official engagement effort, nor does it assess environmental or economic impacts from potential offshore wind energy development.

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Floating Offshore Wind US Manufacturing and Commercialization: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

NREL assessed the supply chain and workforce considerations for the OCG-Wind floater technology, a floating semi-submersible offshore wind substructure, as well sharing vessel needs to inform their installation strategy. This technical assistance was in support of the FLoating Offshore Wind ReadINess (FLOWIN) Prize Phase 2 submission. NREL provided an assessment of domestic supplier capabilities for the main components of their floating offshore wind platform design and analyzed US regional and national supply chain constraints and gaps. Thirteen interviews with companies including steel distributors, forges, foundries, ports, large component fabricators, subcomponent fabricators, and secondary suppliers provided key insights such as 1) assembly ports are the key infrastructure barrier standing in the way of unlocking the domestic assembly and component fabrication for steel-based FOW platforms, 2) domestic steel producers can supply the types and quantities of steel necessary for FOW platforms, and 3) coordination between stakeholders will be a vital part of successfully developing the supply chain and infrastructure needed to domestically produce FOW platforms. In the workforce assessment, NREL documented a step-by-step approach to conduct a place-based assessment of the foundational workforce consideration for recruiting, upskilling, and retaining a workforce, such as supportive local and state policy, nearby education and training programs, and existing relevant industry. This approach was applied to Tacoma, Washington. Tacoma was indicated to have the potential be a successful location for fabrication and assembly of floating offshore wind energy in terms of workforce development. To share data on vessel requirements to install the OCG-Wind floater, NREL compiled resources that help answer the questions related to anchor handling tug vessels, shared a database of cable laying vessels, and answered questions on complying with the Jones Act.

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OC6 Project Phase IV: Validation of Numerical Models for Novel Floating Offshore Wind Support Structures

The fourth phase of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation and unCertainty (OC6) aims to assess the ability of the tools to model a novel floating wind design. The design that was selected for this project is the TetraSpar designed by Stiesdal Offshore Technologies. The platform is a unique design that features a spar like stability with a very low center of gravity, but does not require deep-water ports. This combination is achieved with a system made of two separate steel structures, a hull at the water’s surface that supports the wind turbine tower, and a keel that is suspended below the main body. This lower keel has a very high density and drives the total platform’s low center of gravity. Scaled model tests of the TetraSpar design were performed in 2018-2019 by the University of Maine. The tests were performed with 1:43 Froude scaling. The data collected in the model tests provide a detailed description of the response of the platform in various controlled and relatively well understood conditions. Comparison with these data provides a good opportunity for validation of numerical models. The OC6 Phase IV work will focus on the specific parameters used in these scaled model tests. The load cases (LC) considered in this project are as follows: LC 1.X - Equilibrium and Static Offset Tests LC 2.X - Platform Free Decays LC 3.X - Turbine Thrust (Wind Only) LC 4.X - Regular and Irregular Waves (Wave only) LC 5.X - Combined Wind and Wave Loading

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Computational capacity in hydrodynamic real-time hybrid simulation applied to simulate the dynamic response of floating offshore wind turbines

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) mitigates similitude distortions in model-scale tests of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) by coupling physical experiments with numerical models in real time. The coupling requires faster-than-real-time numerical computations to satisfy temporal similitude with the physical experiment, presenting a bottleneck for using more complex numerical models in RTHS. This paper presents a hydrodynamic-RTHS (hydro-RTHS) framework for FOWTs that simulates the hydrodynamics physically and the aerodynamics numerically with sensor feedback from the physical testing. The framework adapts the three-loop hardware architecture to leverage greater computational resources and mitigate strict temporal requirements, enabling more computationally demanding numerical analyses in hydro-RTHS. The three-loop hardware architecture integrates multiple machines, each dedicated to either numerical analysis or RTHS controls, with a rate-transition algorithm to synchronize the tasks executed across the different machine processors. Virtual and physical tests verified and validated the hydro-RTHS framework, respectively. The ”virtual” tests, which approximates the physical domain numerically, verified the RTHS framework with respect to a numerical full-scale complete FOWT model simulated in the open-source software, OpenFAST. The virtual tests were able to maintain comparable control signals while enabling greater computational resources for the numerical calculations. Real-world physical tests demonstrated that the hydro-RTHS framework computes aerodynamic forces similar to the complete OpenFAST model, validating the hydro-RTHS framework using the three-loop hardware architecture. Findings show that the hydro-RTHS framework with the three-loop hardware architecture is computationally efficient, with reserve capacity to simulate more complex problems due to the customized software, hardware, and rate-transition algorithm.

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