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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1969

Apollo 11 impact on the occupational medicine program, NASA Manned Spacecraft Center

Requirements and development of standards for occupational medicine support of personnel in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) are outlined. Considered are proper personnel performance and exclusion of people prone to develop a serious illness within the quarantine area. Occupational medicine report for the LRL consists of examination procedures covering laboratory work, periodic examinations, immunizations, health maintenance, preventive practices, medical standards, and waiver authority.

Wright, P. E.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Americans with Disabilities Act considerations for the practice of occupational medicine

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), although developed in the context of civil rights legislation, is likely to have notable impact on the practice of occupational medicine. The ADA contains provisions limiting the use of preplacement examinations to determinations of the capability to perform the essential functions of the job and of direct threat to the health and safety of the job applicant and others. The Title 1 employment provisions of the ADA established definitions and requirements similar to those found in section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended; leading cases that have been litigated under the Rehabilitation Act, as amended, are described. The limitations of available scientific and medical information related to determinations of job capability and direct threat and ramifications of the ADA on the practice of occupational medicine are discussed.

St.clair, Steven↗
NASA NTRS1969

The relationship of NASA occupational medicine and environmental health with the Advisory Center on Toxicology

Preventive measures of occupational medicine and industrial hygiene are coordinated to identify toxicities of industrial products and safety standards in manned space flight applications. Emphasized is the off-gassing of construction materials in spacecraft with the resulting contamination of the cabin atmosphere and the establishment of criteria for the quality of drinking water for astronauts during Gemini and Apollo programs.

Wands, R. C.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Singleplex, multiplex and pooled sample real-time RT-PCR assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an occupational medicine setting

Abstract For workplaces which cannot operate as telework or remotely, there is a critical need for routine occupational SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing. Although diagnostic tests including the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel (CDC Diagnostic Panel) (EUA200001) were made available early in the pandemic, resource scarcity and high demand for reagents and equipment necessitated priority of symptomatic patients. There is a clearly defined need for flexible testing methodologies and strategies with rapid turnaround of results for (1) symptomatic, (2) asymptomatic with high-risk exposures and (3) asymptomatic populations without preexisting conditions for routine screening to address the needs of an on-site work force. We developed a distinct SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assay based on the original CDC Diagnostic Panel (EUA200001), yet, with minimum overlap for currently employed reagents to eliminate direct competition for limited resources. As the pandemic progressed with testing loads increasing, we modified the assay to include 5-sample pooling and amplicon target multiplexing. Analytical sensitivity of the pooled and multiplexed assays was rigorously tested with contrived positive samples in realistic patient backgrounds. Assay performance was determined with clinical samples previously assessed with an FDA authorized assay. Throughout the pandemic we successfully tested symptomatic, known contact and travelers within our occupational population with a ~ 24–48-h turnaround time to limit the spread of COVID-19 in the workplace. Our singleplex assay had a detection limit of 31.25 copies per reaction. The three-color multiplexed assay maintained similar sensitivity to the singleplex assay, while tripling the throughput. The pooling assay further increased the throughput to five-fold the singleplex assay, albeit with a subtle loss of sensitivity. We subsequently developed a hybrid ‘multiplex-pooled’ strategy to testing to address the need for both rapid analysis of samples from personnel at high risk of COVID infection and routine screening. Herein, our SARS-CoV-2 assays specifically address the needs of occupational healthcare for both rapid analysis of personnel at high-risk of infection and routine screening that is essential for controlling COVID-19 disease transmission. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, this work demonstrates successful flexible assays developments and deployments with implications for emerging highly transmissible diseases and future pandemics.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Antimicrobial Silver Touch Surfaces in an Occupational Medicine Clinic

Global efforts are being marshalled against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. A key component of public health response is sanitizing or disinfecting the workplace, including the healthcare environment. Recently we launched what appears to be the first study of anti-microbial properties of silver hardware touch surfaces or fomites in an occupational health clinic setting. Here, we preview our major finding in order to emphasize the vital role of active sanitation measures, as opposed to reliance on passive controls, in public health response.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1975

NASA occupational medicine programs: Our obligation to management

Factors to be considered in forming policies for managing NASA's health maintenance program to provide optimum arrangement for quality medical care are discussed. Topics include scheduling routine physical examinations, job related stress, prevalence of chronic diseases, additions to the PROM data system, and disease trends among personnel.

Arnoldt, L. B.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Information requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's safety, environmental health, and occupational medicine programs

A survey of the internal and external reporting and recordkeeping procedures of these programs was conducted and the major problems associated with them are outlined. The impact of probable future requirements on existing information systems is evaluated. This report also presents the benefits of combining the safety and health information systems into one computerized system and recommendations for the development and scope of that system.

Whyte, A. A.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Pharmacy in a New Frontier - The First Five Years at the Johnson Space Center Pharmacy

A poster entitled "Space Medicine - A New Role for Clinical Pharmacists" was presented in December 2001 highlighting an up-and-coming role for pharmacists at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. Since that time, the operational need for the pharmacy profession has expanded with the administration s decision to open a pharmacy on site at JSC to complement the care provided by the Flight Medicine and Occupational Medicine Clinics. The JSC Pharmacy is a hybrid of traditional retail and hospital pharmacy and is compliant with the ambulatory care standards set forth by the Joint Commission. The primary charge for the pharmacy is to provide medication management for JSC. In addition to providing ambulatory care for both clinics, the pharmacists also practice space medicine. A pharmacist had been involved in the packing of both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station Medical Kits before the JSC Pharmacy was established; however, the role of the pharmacist in packing medical kits has grown. The pharmacists are now full members of the operations team providing consultation for new drug delivery systems, regulations, and patient safety issues. As the space crews become more international, so does the drug information provided by the pharmacists. This presentation will review the journey of the JSC Pharmacy as it celebrated its five year anniversary in April of 2008. The implementation of the pharmacy, challenges to the incorporation of the pharmacy into an existing health-care system, and the current responsibilities of a pharmacist at the Johnson Space Center will be discussed.

Bayuse, Tina↗
NASA NTRS2012

Occupational Space Medicine

Learning Objectives are: (1) Understand the unique work environment of astronauts. (2) Understand the effect microgravity has on human physiology (3) Understand how NASA Space Medicine Division is mitigating the health risks of space missions.

Tarver, William J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Restrictive spirometry pattern among construction trade workers

Spirometry-based studies of occupational lung disease have mostly focused on obstructive or mixed obstructive/restrictive outcomes. We wanted to determine if restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) is associated with occupation and increased mortality. Study participants included 18,145 workers with demographic and smoking data and repeatable spirometry. The mortality analysis cohort included 15,445 workers with known vital status and cause of death through December 31, 2016. Stratified analyses explored RSP prevalence by demographic and clinical variables and trade. Log-binomial regression models explored RSP risk factors while controlling for important confounders such as smoking, obesity, and comorbidities. Cox regression models explored mortality risk by spirometry category. Prevalence of RSP was very high (28.6%). Mortality hazard ratios for RSP were 1.50 for all causes, 1.86 for cardiovascular diseases, 2.31 for respiratory diseases, and 1.66 for lung cancer. All construction trades except painters, machinists, and roofers had significantly elevated risk for RSP compared to our internal reference group. RSP was significantly associated with both parenchymal and pleural changes seen by chest X-ray. Construction trade workers are at significantly increased risk for RSP independent of obesity. Individuals with RSP are at increased risk for all-cause mortality as well as mortality attributable to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and lung cancer. RSP deserves greater attention in occupational medicine and epidemiology.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

TA-03-0016 Ion Beam Facility D&D: Sphere of Influence [Slides]

TA-03-0016 Ion Beam Facility: This structure is 70 years old and has been vacant since 1994 and was excessed in 1999. The Ion Beam Facility (IBF) was built in 1953 to support essential post-World War II scientific research and houses LANL's original vertical and tandem Van de Graaff accelerators. The vertical Van de Graaff accelerator was built under the direction of Joseph McKibben from 1948 to 1952 and was used for applied nuclear physics experiments. The Ion Beam facility is considered by NNSA as one of its highest risk process contaminated facilities within the complex. Ion Beam is a radiological facility adjacent to the LANL Occupational Medicine Facility on the south side of TA-3, the most populated technical area at LANL. It poses an undesirable fire risk, especially given its close location to a rugged wooded canyon and difficulties in fighting a wildland fire in such a location. Demolition of this structure will provide a constructable site for critical mission radiological laboratory spaces.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
NASA NTRS1969

Experience factors in performing periodic physical evaluations

The lack of scientific basis in the so-called periodic health examinations on military personnel inclusive of the Executive Health Program is outlined. This latter program can well represent a management tool of the company involved in addition to being a status symbol. A multiphasic screening technique is proposed in conjunction with an automated medical history questionnaire for preventive occupational medicine methodology. The need to collate early sickness consultation or clinic visit histories with screening techniques is emphasized.

Hoffman, A. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Environment sanitation handbook

The environmental Sanitation handbook provides guidance in the implementation of the basic provisions of occupational medicine and environmental health programs to environmental sanitation. It presents methods and procedures useful for the control of those sanitation factors which could create discomfort and illness in man or do harm to his environment. The provisions of this handbook are applicable to all organizational elements of the Kennedy Space Center (KSC),NASA, and to its associated contractors located at KSC in accordance with the terms of their respective contracts.

Source record↗