NETL Research and Development - SOFC Materials Development and Degradation Modeling
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20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
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Results for “materials development”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Material Development for Tooling Applications Using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM)
Techmer Engineered Solutions (TES) is working with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to develop materials and evaluate their use for ORNL's recently developed Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) system for tooling applications. The first phase of the project established the performance of some commercially available polymer compositions deposited with the BAAM system. Carbon fiber reinforced ABS demonstrated a tensile strength of nearly 10 ksi, which is sufficient for a number of low temperature tooling applications.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Corrosion in the molten fluoride and chloride salts and materials development for nuclear applications
Not provided.
Materials Science↗
Final Technical Report: Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing (PLM-DOC-0005-2465) Report # DOEGEHB00613
Final Technical Report: Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing (Report # DOEGEHB00613) summarizes the information gathered from the analysis of the 160 m3/min EM Pump insulation that was tested in 2000-2002 and additional evaluations of new resilient, engineered insulation system evaluated and tested at both GRC and ANL. This report provides information on Tasks 1 and 2 of the entire project. This report also provides information in three broad areas: Historical and current data; Conclusions based on test data; and Insulation specifications for use in EM Pumps. The research for Task 2 builds upon Task 1: Update EM Pump Databank, which is summarized within this report. Where research for Task 3 and 4 Next-Generation EM Pump Analysis Tools identified parameters or analysis model that benefits Task 2 research, those items are noted within this report. The important design variables for the manufacture and operation of an EM Pump that the insulation research can evaluate are: space constraints; voltage capability of insulation system; maximum flux density through iron; flow rate and outlet pressure; efficiency and manufacturability. The development summary of the Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing was completed to include: Historical and current data; Conclusions based on test data; and Insulation specifications for use in EM Pumps.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Developing Materials for Extreme Environments and Their Use in Nuclear Waste Canisters and Reactors - 20559
The paper focuses on the development of materials which can be utilized in extreme industrial environments. The paper discusses the advancement of materials and their application in components which are utilized in extreme industrial environments as such that of the nuclear field and especially in the nuclear waste field. Nuclear power plants have become an indispensable part of the electricity generation, medical, food processing and many other industries. Though burning small amount of fuel as compared to conventional power plants, they also create waste which is not easy to handle as other types of wastes. The nuclear waste sitting at the bottom of spent fuel tanks around the globe has raised public concerns on how it will be dealt with. Europe has started to give an answer by working on geological repositories. Though till yet, waste has been cooled in spent fuel tanks and after processing, is precisely placed in nuclear waste canisters and casks and transported to sites across the country for further cooling and storage. Though in all this process there had been a great deal of advancement on the type of casks and canisters used and the processes for transporting nuclear material and waste. Often reports about radioactive material leakage, moisture content inside barrels etc. has surfaced. Be it official or unofficial report, there seems a technical failure on how the nuclear waste has been stored and placed at facilities around the globe. The other aspect of this material development is to be beneficial for nuclear reactors. As the technology gets advanced, nuclear reactors change their titles from Gen II to Gen III and so on. The new fleet of upcoming reactors will be exceptionally safer, reliable and more efficient. But these benefits will also bring drawbacks with them. As these reactors will operate at high temperature (above 800 degree Celsius) they also ask for advancement in materials used in the reactor core, fuel used, reactor control etc. The paper tries to answer such concerning questions. The work shows the study done on different material that can be better candidates for extreme environments. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Thermoelectric Materials Development for Low Temperature Geothermal Power Generation
Data includes characterization results for novel thermoelectric materials developed specifically for power generation from low temperature geothermal brines. Materials characterization data includes material density, thickness, resistance, Seebeck coefficient. This research was carried out by Novus Energy Partners in Cooperation with Southern Research Institute for a Department of Energy Sponsored Project.
15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
Incorporating A Risk-Informed, Performance-Based Concept into Nuclear Fuel and Materials Development for Advanced Reactors
The NRC’s regulatory concept for advanced reactors under 10 CFR Part 53 promotes the use of an RIPB concept. RIPB is usually referenced as a general, overarching concept. This paper is focused on how to, and if it would be worthy to, incorporate an RIPB concept into nuclear fuel and materials development for advanced reactors. This paper proposes three potential RIPB applications for nuclear fuel and materials development, including RIPB test matrix development, RIPB test matrix reduction, and RIPB design optimization. This paper discusses the projected benefits from incorporating RIPB in reducing development timeline, cost, and regulatory risk.
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Chalcogenide Glass Radiation Sensor; Materials Development, Design and Device Testing
For many decades, various radiation detecting material have been extensively researched, to find a better material or mechanism for radiation sensing. Recently, there is a growing need for a smaller and effective material or device that can perform similar functions of bulkier Geiger counters and other measurement options, which fail the requirement for easy, cheap and accurate radiation dose measurement. Here arises the use of thin film chalcogenide glass, which has unique properties of high thermal stability along with high sensitivity towards short wavelength radiation. The unique properties of chalcogenide glasses are attributed to the lone pair p-shell electrons, which provide some distinctive optical properties when compared to crystalline material. These qualities are derived from the energy band diagram and the presence of localized states in the band gap. Chalcogenide glasses have band tail states and localized states, along with the two band states. These extra states are primarily due to the lone pair electrons as well as the amorphous structure of the glasses. The localized states between the conductance band (CB) and valence band (VB) are primarily due to the presence of the lone pair electrons, while the band tail states are attributed to the Van der Waal's forces between layers of atoms. Localized states are trap locations within the band gap where electrons from the valence band can hop into, in their path towards the conduction band. Tail states on the other hand are locations near the band gap edges and are known as Urbach tail states (E u ). These states are occupied with many electrons that can participate in the various transformations due to interaction with photons. According to Y. Utsugi et. al., the electron-phonon interactions are responsible for the generation of the Urbach tails. These states are responsible for setting the absorption edge for these glasses and photons with energy near the band gap affect these states. We have studied the effect of x-rays and γ-rays, on thin film chalcogenide glasses and applied them in conjunction with film incorporating a silver source in a new type of radiation sensor for which we have an US patent application. In this report, we give data about our studies regarding our designed radiation sensor along with the testing and performance at various radiation doses. These studies have been preceded by materials characterization research related to the compositional and structural characteristics of the active materials used in the radiation sensor design. During the work on the project, we collected a large volume of material since every experiment was repeated many times to verify the results. We conducted a comprehensive material research, analysis and discussion with the aim to understand the nature of the occurring effects, design different structures to harness these effects, generated models to aid in the understanding the effects, built different device structures and collected data to quantify device performance. These various aspects of our investigation have been detailed in previous quarterly reports. In this report, we present our main results and emphasize on the results pertaining to the core project goals materials development, sensor design and testing and with an emphasis on classifying the appropriate material and design for the optimal application. The report has three main parts: (i) Presentation of the main data; (ii) Bulleted summary of the most important results; (iii) List of the patent, journal publications, conference proceedings and conferences participation, occurring as a result of working on the project.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
Trends in Solid Adsorbent Materials Development for CO 2 Capture
A review summarizing trends in materials development for CO 2 adsorption focusing on recent studies is given. Trends in computational investigations along with experimental findings are covered to find promising candidates in light of practical challenges imposed by process economics. Topics covered here include: introduction (climate change, CO 2 emissions mitigation, overview of classical computational CO 2 adsorption studies); CO 2 capture materials (C based materials [activated C {AC}, ordered porous C, C fiber, graphene], SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 /zeolite [SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and nanoclays, zeolite], porous cryst. solids [metal-org. frameworks (MOF) {metal type and open metal sites, functionalized MOF, mol. sieves, MOF computational modeling, MOF databases}, zeolite imidazolate frameworks, covalent org. frameworks and polymers], metal oxides); and conclusions and future perspectives.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Collective Summary of sCO2 Materials Development Part II: High-Temperature Alloy Corrosion Behavior within Compact Heat Exchangers.
Materials compatibility is a major concern for the design and operation of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Two areas were recently identified for which very little prior knowledge was available. These were the behavior of polymer materials in low-temperature sCO2 environments as well as the high-temperature corrosion behavior for alloys that have been fabricated into compact heat exchangers. A critical need exists to increase understanding in both areas. As such, the Sandia sCO2 Materials Development program initiated a series of experiments for both areas in FY19. The progress that has been made in understanding the behavior of polymers in sCO2 was summarized in the Part I report, while this Part II report describes progress in the area of compact heat exchanger corrosion. For the compact heat exchangers being developed for use in supercritical CO2 power cycles, alloy corrosion is important to understand as it may lead to reduced flow path area, reduced heat transfer, and blocked flow channels. The fabrication of these heat exchangers involve thermal processes such as brazing or diffusion bonding, where the influence of these processes on the corrosion behavior of the alloys is unknown. Candidate alloys for these heat exchangers are typically evaluated for corrosion behavior as witness coupons, without being subjected to these thermal processes. To close this gap in understanding, a series of experiments were completed that utilized small heat exchanger samples subjected to flowing CO2 for 500 hours at 750°C. Small sections of the heat exchanger samples were characterized before and after the 500 hour exposure in order to characterize the oxide growth in the channels as well as the hardness of the alloys. Results are compared to witness coupons of the same alloys.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Technology readiness levels for advanced nuclear fuels and materials development
The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) process is used to quantitatively assess the maturity of a given technology. It was pioneered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the 1980s to develop and deploy new systems for space applications. The process was subsequently adopted by the Department of Defense (DoD) to develop and deploy new technology and systems for defense applications as well as the Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate the maturity of new technologies in major construction projects. Advanced nuclear fuels and materials development is a critical technology needed for improving the performance and safety of current and advanced reactors, and ultimately closing the nuclear fuel cycle. Because deployment of new nuclear fuel forms requires a lengthy and expensive research, development, and demonstration program, applying the TRL concept to the advanced fuel development program is very useful as a management, communication and tracking tool. Furthermore, this article provides examples regarding the methods by which TRLs are currently used to assess the maturity of nuclear fuels and materials under development in the DOE Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD) Program within the Advanced Fuels Campaign (AFC).
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Technology Readiness Levels for Advanced Nuclear Fuels and Materials Development
The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) process is used to quantitatively assess the maturity of a given technology. The TRL process has been developed and successfully used by the Department of Defense (DOD) for development and deployment of new technology and systems for defense applications. In addition, NASA has also successfully used the TRL process to develop and deploy new systems for space applications. Advanced nuclear fuels and materials development is a critical technology needed for closing the nuclear fuel cycle. Because the deployment of a new nuclear fuel forms requires a lengthy and expensive research, development, and demonstration program, applying the TRL concept to the advanced fuel development program is very useful as a management and tracking tool. This report provides definition of the technology readiness level assessment process as defined for use in assessing nuclear fuel technology development for the Advanced Fuel Campaign (AFC).
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Zeolite Material Development for In-situ Regeneration/Exchange (SR19009)
The objective of this report is to develop new zeolite material, bed design, and optimize operating conditions that will reduce potential tritium hold-up.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Emerging operando and x-ray pair distribution function methods for energy materials development
Our energy needs drive widespread materials research. Advances in materials characterization are critical to this research effort. Using new characterization tools that allow us to probe the atomic structure of energy materials in situ as they operate, we can identify how their structure is linked to their functional properties and performance. These fundamental insights serve as a roadmap to enhance performance in the next generation of advanced materials. In the last decade, developments in synchrotron instrumentation have made the pair distribution function (PDF) method and operando x-ray studies more readily accessible tools capable of providing valuable insights into complex materials systems. Here, the emergence of the PDF method as a versatile structure characterization tool and the further enhancement of this method through developments in operando capabilities and multivariate data analytics are described. These advances in materials characterization are demonstrated by several highlighted studies focused on energy storage in batteries.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Experimental Test Site 300: Energetic Materials Development Enclave (EMDEC) Soil Sampling and Analysis Plan Addendum 1 (April 2023)
The purpose of this addendum is to amend and update the Energetic Materials Development Enclave [project] Soil Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) dated June 2022 (LLNL-AM-22- 21678). In July 2022, portions of the SAP were completed. Since then, the project scope and limits have been redefined to include potential additional buildings. The exact locations of the additional buildings have not been determined, but the Project Management Office (PMO) would like to investigate at this time additional areas adjacent to the investigation area subject to the June 2022 SAP. The information contained in this addendum supersedes the June 2022 SAP. However, this addendum only addresses elements of the June 2022 SAP that were modified. Elements of the June 2022 SAP that have not been modified are relevant and will remain in effect.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
Autonomous experimentation systems for materials development: A community perspective
Solutions to many of the world's problems depend upon materials research and development. However, advanced materials can take decades to discover and decades more to fully deploy. Humans and robots have begun to partner to advance science and technology orders of magnitude faster than humans do today through the development and exploitation of closed-loop, autonomous experimentation systems. This review discusses the specific challenges and opportunities related to materials discovery and development that will emerge from this new paradigm. Our perspective incorporates input from stakeholders in academia, industry, government laboratories, and funding agencies. We outline the current status, barriers, and needed investments, culminating with a vision for the path forward. We intend the article to spark interest in this emerging research area and to motivate potential practitioners by illustrating early successes. We also aspire to encourage a creative reimagining of the next generation of materials science infrastructure. To this end, we frame future investments in materials science and technology, hardware and software infrastructure, artificial intelligence and autonomy methods, and critical workforce development for autonomous research.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Perspectives on multiscale modelling and experiments to accelerate materials development for fusion
Prediction of material performance in fusion reactor environments relies on computational modelling, and will continue to do so until the first generation of fusion power plants come on line and allow long-term behaviour to be observed. In the meantime, the modelling is supported by experiments that attempt to replicate some aspects of the eventual operational conditions. In 2019, a group of leading experts met under the umbrella of the IEA to discuss the current position and ongoing challenges in modelling of fusion materials and how advanced experimental characterisation is aiding model improvement. This review draws from the discussions held during that workshop. Topics covering modelling of irradiation-induced defect production and fundamental properties, gas behaviour, clustering and segregation, defect evolution and interactions are discussed, as well as new and novel multiscale simulation approaches, and the latest efforts to link modelling to experiments through advanced observation and characterisation techniques.
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
Borophene as a prototype for synthetic 2D materials development
The synthesis of 2D materials with no analogous bulk layered allotropes promises a substantial breadth of physical and chemical properties through the diverse structural options afforded by substrate-dependent epitaxy. However, despite the joint theoretical and experimental efforts to guide materials discovery, successful demonstrations of synthetic 2D materials have been rare. The recent synthesis of 2D boron polymorphs (that is, borophene) provides a notable example of such success. In this Perspective, we discuss recent progress and future opportunities for borophene research. Borophene combines unique mechanical properties with anisotropic metallicity, which complements the canon of conventional 2D materials. The multi-centre characteristics of boron-boron bonding lead to the formation of configurationally varied, vacancy-mediated structural motifs, providing unprecedented diversity in a mono-elemental 2D system with potential for electronic applications, chemical functionalization, materials synthesis and complex heterostructures. As a result, with its foundations in computationally guided synthesis, borophene can serve as a prototype for ongoing efforts to discover and exploit synthetic 2D materials.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗