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This data book provides certain data behind figures and tables found in the NREL presentation, Status and Trends in the U.S. Voluntary Green Power Market (2019 Data). These data reflect estimates based on the best available data.
As the distributed solar market evolves toward more dynamic forms of deployment, interest in paired solar-plus-storage applications continues to gain steam, but details on the current state of the market are relatively sparse. To fill that void, Berkeley Lab has released an in-depth analysis of this budding market segment. This report draws on the Lab’s Tracking the Sun dataset to characterize trends in deployment, system sizing and equipment selection, installer-market development, and system pricing. The report also provides indicative analyses of the financial and resilience value that host customers in several key markets presently receive by pairing storage with solar.
This study evaluates and optimizes advanced nuclear reactors coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) systems in an Integrated Energy System (IES) architecture to enable advanced nuclear power plants (A NPP) to participate in multi-commodity markets, thus enhancing their economic competitiveness. Nuclear-TES coupling scenarios studied herein are designed attenuate the nuclear heat dynamics and defer energy delivery to a later time, enabling the nuclear reactor to continue operating at or near steady-state design conditions as usual while also enabling flexible generation. Three A-NPPs, namely, an advanced light-water reactor (A LWR), a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) and a liquid-metal fast reactor (LMFR) were selected as the initial use cases for demonstrating the technoeconomic of thermally balanced energy storage coupling design for thermal power extraction. Each of the reactor technologies were evaluated in two different electricity markets. Stochastic optimization approach was adopted which included the evaluation of price signals from the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) market, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), using an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Risk Analysis Virtual Environment (RAVEN) tool and its dispatch optimization plugin, the Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network (HERON), were used to perform dispatch and capacity optimization, using the price data provided by the ARMA models. The results from the Nuclear-TES use cases will be used to design and characterize dynamic integrated system behavior and feedback.
In 2023 additional electricity transmission would have provided the most value for links that crossed between grid interconnection regions in the United States (the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, the Texas Interconnection) or crossed between system operator regions within the same interconnection. Many multi-interconnection or multi-region links had values of greater than $\$20$/MWh, or up to $\$175$ million/yr per 1 GW expanded transmission (subject to limits to the depth of the market at each side of the link). In contrast, many links within regions, or between regions in the northeast, had relatively low values in 2023, following the overall decline in wholesale electricity prices in 2023 compared with 2021-2022. The most valuable link in 2023, at $\$61$ /MWh, was between Texas and the Southwest. Multiple events in 2023 (high natural gas prices in the western U.S., and high summer temperatures in Texas and the Southwest) were observed to have driven this high value. Of particular note, high prices in Texas occurred at a largely distinct set of hours from high prices in the Southwest, helping to drive up the value of transmission in total and demonstrating significant value to both regions. This example demonstrates the unique value of transmission (compared to other solutions, such as building local generation resources) in delivering benefits to multiple regions given its ability to connect areas of the country that inevitably face differing circumstances.
This database complements the U.S. Hydropower Market Report (2025 update). This update focuses on data and trends in 2024 and contextualizes this information compared to evolving high-level trends over the past 10–20 years. It contains data on U.S. hydropower (and pumped storage hydropower) development pipeline, relicenses, license surrenders, performance metrics, and supply chain.
The data center market is poised to explode in the coming decade due to undeniable drivers such as continued adoption of generative AI, increased data storage needs, and enterprise integration of AI in numerous industries [1] [2] [3]. Scalable power and increased computational capacity are at the forefront of considerations for hyperscalers, the major cloud service providers in this space. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is uniquely poised to help with informed decision making for data center market leaders during this phase of explosive expansion. National grid modeling expertise and cutting edge innovations in computer cooling systems place LLNL in an enviable position for creating economic impact in the data center industry by leveraging its expertise in these areas which can help the data center market keep up with growing demand.
Abstract Background While clinical trials are considered the gold standard for detecting adverse events, often these trials are not sufficiently powered to detect difficult to observe adverse events. We developed a preliminary approach to predict 135 adverse events using post-market safety data from marketed drugs. Adverse event information available from FDA product labels and scientific literature for drugs that have the same activity at one or more of the same targets, structural and target similarities, and the duration of post market experience were used as features for a classifier algorithm. The proposed method was studied using 54 drugs and a probabilistic approach of performance evaluation using bootstrapping with 10,000 iterations. Results Out of 135 adverse events, 53 had high probability of having high positive predictive value. Cross validation showed that 32% of the model-predicted safety label changes occurred within four to nine years of approval (median: six years). Conclusions This approach predicts 53 serious adverse events with high positive predictive values where well-characterized target-event relationships exist. Adverse events with well-defined target-event associations were better predicted compared to adverse events that may be idiosyncratic or related to secondary target effects that were poorly captured. Further enhancement of this model with additional features, such as target prediction and drug binding data, may increase accuracy.
This data book provides certain data behind figures and tables found in the NREL presentation "Status and Trends in the Voluntary Market (2021 Data)." These data reflect estimates based on the best available data. Excluded Data This data book excludes data for certain figures using confidential survey data or purchased data for which NREL does not own the rights. In particular, renewable energy certificate (REC) price data are not included in this data book Rounding: Some estimates may be slightly inconsistent across tabs due to estimate rounding Citation for the data: E. O'Shaughnessy and J. Heeter. 2022. Status and Trends in the Voluntary Market. Golden, CO: NREL. For more information: contact Jenny Heeter (jenny.heeter@nrel.gov). For more information on voluntary green power markets see NREL's resources at https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/green-power.html. Acronyms CCA Community choice aggregation MWh Megawatt hour PPA Power purchase agreement RECs Renewable energy certificate
NLR has tracked the voluntary power market since its inception in the 1990s to help corporate purchasers, utilities, and others selling renewable energy products understand available renewable options and move renewable energy forward. As a part of this report we publish a slide deck, a datebook, a Top 10 utilities and CCA list, and the report.
Voluntary green power, for the purposes of this report, refers to renewable energy procurement by retail electricity customers above state renewable energy mandates. In this report, we present data and key trends for voluntary green power markets, except for a small portion of voluntary purchasing where no data are available. In 2021, about 8 million retail electricity customers procured about 244 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of voluntary green power (Figure ES-1), representing about 27% of all U.S. renewable energy sales, about 39% of non-hydro renewable energy sales, and about 6% of all U.S. retail electricity sales. Most of the remainder of U.S. renewable energy sales reflects renewable energy procured by load-serving entities to comply with state renewable energy mandates, also known as compliance-based procurement.
This project aimed to develop a public building simulation data set that may be used to inform building code development and guidelines for building innovation. The data set consists of several common building types and many representative locations across the United States. A parametric design of building properties was developed to create a range of building energy models that represent common building design decisions with a particular focus on fenestration options. The US Department of Energy prototype building energy models were altered according to a parametric building design and simulated using both current weather data and future weather estimates derived from global climate models. The resulting data set allows for pertinent exploration of building design parameters, including fenestration, within different environments across the United States in the broader context of climate change.
We have subcontracted LEAN Energy US, to help us improve our CCA data collection effort for the Annual Voluntary Energy Markets Data Report. LEAN Energy US (Local Energy Aggregation Network) is a national 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to accelerating the country's transition to clean and renewable power, supporting competition and customer choice in the energy sector, and maintaining affordable electricity rates. We work in partnership with a range of organizations to actively support the formation and operational success of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) programs around the country. This webinar, hosted in partnership with LEAN Energy US, is intended to introduce their members to our data collection effort and encourage CCAs in their network to participate.
Green power refers to renewable electricity voluntarily purchased by retail electricity customers. Renewable energy sources for green power include solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and small-scale hydropower. This report summarizes data on the various ways in which voluntary purchasers - including residential, commercial, and institutional customers - purchase green power. We summarize key historic trends in U.S. voluntary green power markets and the current status of green power sales through seven products: utility green pricing programs, utility renewable contracts, competitive suppliers, unbundled renewable energy certificates, community choice aggregations, power purchase agreements, and community solar.
Green power refers to renewable electricity voluntarily purchased by retail electricity customers. Renewable energy sources for green power include solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and small-scale hydropower. This report summarizes data on the various ways in which voluntary purchasers - including residential, commercial, and institutional customers - purchase green power. We summarize key historic trends in U.S. voluntary green power markets and the current status of green power sales through seven products: utility green pricing programs, utility renewable contracts, competitive suppliers, unbundled renewable energy certificates, community choice aggregations, and power purchase agreements. It includes discussion of how the voluntary market may impact the grid.
Green power refers to renewable electricity voluntarily purchased by retail electricity customers. Renewable energy sources for green power include solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and small-scale hydropower. This report summarizes data on the various ways in which voluntary purchasers including residential, commercial, and institutional customers purchase green power. We summarize key historic trends in U.S. voluntary green power markets and the current status of green power sales through seven products: utility green pricing programs, utility renewable contracts, competitive suppliers, unbundled renewable energy certificates, community choice aggregations, and power purchase agreements. It includes discussion of how the voluntary market may impact the grid.
Voluntary green power, for this report, refers to renewable energy procurement by retail electricity customers above what is otherwise provided by load-serving entities. This report is part of an annual series of reports synthesizing trends in the U.S. voluntary green power market. In 2023, about 9.7 million retail electricity customers procured about 319 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of voluntary green power (Figure ES-1), representing a 17% increase over sales in 2022. Estimated voluntary green power market sales represented about 44% of non-hydropower renewable energy sales and about 8% of all U.S. retail electricity sales in 2023. Most of the remainder of U.S. renewable energy sales reflects renewable energy procured by load-serving entities to comply with state renewable energy mandates, also known as compliance-based procurement. The U.S. voluntary green power market is undergoing a clear shift toward long-term contracts, driven primarily by increasingly ambitious corporate renewable energy procurement targets.
Voluntary renewable power, for this report, refers to renewable energy procurement by retail electricity customers above what is otherwise provided by load-serving entities. This report is part of an annual series of reports synthesizing trends in the U.S. voluntary renewable power market. In 2024, about 9.2 million retail electricity customers procured about 315 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of voluntary renewable power (Figure ES-1). Estimated voluntary renewable power market sales represented about 45% of renewable energy sales excluding large hydropower and about 8% of all U.S. retail electricity sales in 2024. Most of the remainder of U.S. renewable energy sales reflects renewable energy procured by load-serving entities to comply with state renewable energy mandates.
Voluntary green power, for the purposes of this report, refers to renewable energy procurement by retail electricity customers above what is otherwise provided by load-serving entities. This report is part of an annual series of reports synthesizing trends in the United States voluntary green power market. In 2022, about 9.6 million retail electricity customers procured about 272 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of voluntary green power, representing about 38% of non-hydro renewable energy sales and about 6% of all U.S. retail electricity sales. Most of the remainder of U.S. renewable energy sales reflects renewable energy procured by load-serving entities to comply with state renewable energy mandates, also known as compliance-based procurement.