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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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The X-ray Timing Explorer

The capabilities and projected mission objectives of the X-ray Timing Explorer (XTE) are set forth with attention given to the components of the space explorer. The XTE instrument complement is reviewed and specific data and graphic descriptions are presented regarding the large-area proportional counter array, the all-sky monitor, and the high-energy crystal scintillation experiment. The XTE provides low-background continuous 2-200 keV response with large apertures, rapid maneuverability, and detailed energy-resolved studies of phenomena close to neutron stars. The synergism of the mission capabilities is shown to permit a powerful mechanism for timing and broad-band spectral studies after deployment by the NASA Explorer Platform in approximately 1995.

Bradt, H. V.

Low background IR detector and detector array evaluations

A technology program has been underway at Ames since 1978 to develop and evaluate detectors and integrated detector arrays for low-background astronomical applications. The approach is to evaluate existing (less than 24 micron) array technology under low-background conditions, with the aim of adapting and optimizing existing devices. For longer wavelengths, where the technology is much less mature, development is sponsored and devices are evaluated, in both discrete and array formats, for eventual applications. The status of this program has been reported previously. We rely on industrial and university sources for the detectors. Typically, after a brief functionality check in the supplier's laboratory, we work with the device at Ames to characterize its low-background performance. In the case of promising arrays or detectors, we conduct ground-based telescope testing to face the problems associated with real applications. A list of devices tested at Ames is given. In the array category, accumulation-mode charge-injection-devices (AMCIDs) appear repeatedly; this reflects our recent experience with the 2 x 64 and 16 x 16 arrays. Results from the 1 x 16 CID and InSb CCD have been reported. The status of our tests of the discrete Ge:x detectors from Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory are described below. Tests of a 1 x 2 switched sample photoconductor array are just beginning. A 32-channel CMOS multiplexer has been tested at 10 K. Low-temperature silicon MOSFETs and germanium JFETs have also been tested, primarily at Ball Aerospace. This paper describes results to date on three elements of this program: AMCID array, discrete Ge:Ga detectors, and Ge JFET preamplifiers.

Goebel, J. H.

Optical Design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)

This work describes the optical design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping(EXCLAIM). EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbonmonoxide (CO) at redshiftsz <1 and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshiftsz= 2.5−3.5 to probe star forma-tion over cosmic time in cross-correlation with galaxy redshift surveys. The EXCLAIM instrument will observeat frequencies of 420–540 GHz using six microfabricated silicon integrated spectrometers with spectral resolv-ing powerR= 512 coupled to kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). A completely cryogenic telescope cooledto a temperature below 5 K provides low-background observations between narrow atmospheric lines in thestratosphere. Off-axis reflective optics use a 90-cm primary mirror to provide 4.2′full-width at half-maximum(FWHM) resolution at the center of the EXCLAIM band over a field of view of 22.5′. Illumination of the 1.7 Kcold stop combined with blackened baffling at multiple places in the optical system ensures low (<−40 dB) edgeillumination of the primary to minimize spill onto warmer elements at the top of the dewar.

Thomas Essinger-Hileman

Radioactivities of Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) materials: Baggage and bonanzas

Radioactivities in materials onboard the returned Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellite were studied by a variety of techniques. Among the most powerful is low-background Ge-semiconductor detector gamma-ray spectrometry, illustrated here by results obtained at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's (LBL) Low Background Facilities. The observed radioactivities are of two origins: those radionuclides produced by nuclear reactions with the radiation field in orbit, and radionuclides present initially as 'contaminants' in materials used for construction of the spacecraft and experimental assemblies. In the first category are experiment-related monitor foils and tomato seeds, and such spacecraft materials as aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium. In the second category are aluminum, beryllium, titanium, vanadium, and some special glasses.

Smith, Alan R.

A millimeter-wave anisotropy experiment (MAX) to search for anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation on medium angular scales

We report preliminary results from two balloon flights of a millimeter-wave telescope designed to measure anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales from 0.3 to 3 degrees. The receiver used in the first flight, in November 1989, was a dichroic, He-3-cooled bolometric photometer with passbands centered at 3, 6, 9, and 12/cm. The second flight, in July 1990, employed improved bolometric detectors. The 3/cm band was removed in order to increase the efficiency of the remaining bands. Preliminary analysis of the data gives a factor of 3 improvement in sensitivity over the first flight in the 6/cm band. Future plans include a new receiver to provide an additional factor of 5 improvement in sensitivity and a new balloon-borne telescope which is optimized for low-background bolometric detectors at millimeter wavelengths.

Fischer, M. L.