Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “hydrogen component”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Design and requirements of a hydrogen component reliability database (HyCReD)

Hydrogen technologies are expected to play a key role in the decarbonization of several sectors including energy storage and transportation. Rigorous investigation and quantification of the risk and reliability issues associated with hydrogen technologies will be critical to ensuring both their wider adoption and safe, economical operations. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is an important tool that has been used to enable the safe deployment of many engineering systems, including hydrogen fueling stations and hydrogen storage systems. However, QRA studies require reliability data which is currently lacking for expanding applications of hydrogen systems. Here, to address this gap, we present a new structure for a hydrogen component reliability database (HyCReD) that can be used to generate reliability data to be used in QRA, reliability, safety studies, maintenance planning, and more. Building on our previous work examining four major hydrogen safety data collection tools (West et al., 2022) [1], our approach in this work was to consult scientific literature on reliability data collection as well as a number of existing reliability engineering databases in the oil & gas, chemical processing, and nuclear power plant sectors. The evaluation of these databases led to identifying best practices to be implemented in a data collection framework for a hydrogen component reliability database. Based on these best practices, a set of 24 requirements for the proposed database are presented, covering its characteristics and the types of data to be collected. We define the structure of the HyCReD database and 25 data elements to be collected, spanning system description, failure, shutdown, or near-miss events, and maintenance events. The data elements are then defined according to international standards used in the safety and reliability practice and potential choice lists are provided for each field. Since this database is being piloted for hydrogen fueling stations, a generic station component hierarchy developed by West (2021) [2] is used to standardize system data. Finally, we demonstrate populating the database with information extracted from five narrative reports on hydrogen fueling station incidents.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Facilitating Data Collection of Maintenance Events to Populate the Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD)

The Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD) is a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Maryland, and hydrogen stakeholders to improve safety and reliability for hydrogen facilities by implementing component reliability data taxonomies that support hydrogen infrastructure failure rate analysis. The project aims to quantify failure rates of hydrogen components through high-quality data collection and analysis on root causes and maintenance needed. HyCReD provides a common database for cataloging hydrogen component failures which exists for reliability research in many other mature industries [2]. The database fills a gap for the hydrogen community by providing a scientifically rigorous approach to quantitative risk assessment (QRA), prognostic health management (PHM), and reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) analysis. High level results will be aggregated and anonymized to protect company sensitive information; detailed results will be used to help address issues of hydrogen components. These advanced analytics will support accelerated deployment of hydrogen infrastructure by enabling better: design and safety of projects (safety codes and standards development), infrastructure reliability and cost (component failure rates, maintenance protocols), and component R&D needs (robust supply chain). A key to a successful HyCReD implementation is facilitating the ease of reporting and data quality in the database that can be used for analysis. Maintenance data was a previously identified gap in initial efforts to populate and validate the database taxonomies [3]. Collection of maintenance data will be instrumental in identifying failure modes and rates, identifying incipient component failures or reduced performance, cataloging best practices for maintenance routines and methods for prognostic health management, and quantifying the risk and effect of different failure modes. Several key priorities are identified for streamlined data collection to achieve quality and detailed failure data: Applicability, Ease of Use, Accessibility, and Information Security. The HyCReD team has now begun deployment of the database to several companies and groups that have signed non-disclosure agreements to facilitate the data collection of failures in industry hydrogen refueling station infrastructure. This paper will provide an update into the process of HyCReD deployment including the development of a coding guide for facility personnel to reference and ensure data quality and consistency from one station to another as well as implementation of contextually dependent data fields of system taxonomy and formatted entries to provide ease of use. The goal is to communicate the lessons learned from the roll-out to technicians and engineers in the field, and the addition of need for high level of security to protect all stakeholders.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD)

The Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD) is a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Maryland, and hydrogen stakeholders to improve safety reliability for hydrogen facilities by integrating risk reduction methodologies and component reliability data taxonomies that support hydrogen infrastructure failure rate analysis.

availability↗
DOE OSTI2023

Populating the Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HYCRED) with Incident Data from Hydrogen Dispensing

Safety, risk, and reliability issues are vital to ensure the continuous and profitable operation of hydrogen technologies. Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) has been used to enable the safe deployment of engineering systems, especially hydrogen fueling stations. However, QRA studies require reliability data which are essential to collect to make the studies as realistic and relevant as possible. These data are currently lacking and data from other industries, such as oil and gas, are used in hydrogen system QRAs. This may lead to inaccurate results since hydrogen fueling stations have differences in physical properties, system design, and operational parameters when compared to other fueling stations, thus necessitating new data sources are necessary to capture the effects of these differences. To address this gap, we developed a structure for a hydrogen component reliability database, (HyCReD) [1], which could be used to generate reliability data to be used in QRA studies. In this paper, we demonstrate populating the HyCReD database with information extracted from new narrative reports on hydrogen fueling station incidents, specifically focused on the dispensing processes. We analyze five new events and demonstrate the feasibility of populating the database and types of meaningful insights that can be obtained at this stage.

component reliability↗
DOE OSTI2024

Increasing Reliability and Safety of Hydrogen Components - Reliability Data Collection

Come learn about the new Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD) and participate in discussions on hydrogen component reliability data collection, collaboration, and analysis. Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, HyCReD is a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Maryland, and hydrogen stakeholders to improve safety reliability for hydrogen facilities by integrating risk reduction methodologies and component reliability data taxonomies that support hydrogen infrastructure failure rate analysis.

component↗
DOE OSTI2021

Hydrogen Component Leak Rate Quantification for System Risk and Reliability Assessment through QRA and PHM Frameworks: Preprint

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hydrogen Safety Research and Development (HSR&D) program in collaboration with the University of Maryland's Systems Risk and Reliability Analysis Laboratory (SyRRA) are working to improve reliability and reduce risk in hydrogen systems. This approach strives to use quantitative data on component leaks and failures, together with Prognosis and Health Management (PHM), and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to identify at-risk components, reduce component failures and downtime, and predict when components require maintenance. Hydrogen component failures increase facility maintenance cost, facility downtime, and reduce public acceptance of hydrogen technologies, ultimately increasing facility size and cost because of potentially overly conservative requirements. Leaks are a predominant failure mode for hydrogen components. However, uncertainties in the amount of hydrogen emitted from leaking components and the frequency of those failure events limit the understanding of the risks that they present under real-world operational conditions. NREL has deployed a test fixture, the Leak Rate Quantification Apparatus (LRQA), to quantify the mass flow rate of leaking gases from medium and high-pressure components that have failed while in service. Quantitative hydrogen leak rate data from this system could ultimately be used to better inform risk assessment and Regulation Codes and Standards (RCS). Parallel activity explores the use of PHM and QRA techniques to assess and reduce risk, thereby improving safety and reliability of hydrogen systems. The results of QRAs could further provide a systematic and science-based foundation for the design and implementation of RCS, as in the latest versions of the NFPA 2 code for gaseous hydrogen stations. Alternatively, data-driven techniques of PHM could provide new damage diagnosis and health-state prognosis tools. This research will help end users, station owners and operators, and regulatory bodies move towards risk-informed preventative maintenance versus emergency corrective maintenance, reducing cost and improving reliability. Predictive modelling of failures could improve safety and affect RCS requirements such as setback distances at liquid refuelling sites. The combination of leak rate quantification research, PHM, and QRA can lead to better informed models enabling data-based decision to be made for hydrogen system safety improvements.

codes and standards↗
DOE OSTI2020

Hydrogen Component Performance Diagnostic Testing (CRADA CRD-18-743 Final Report)

H2@Scale is focused on the wide scale adoption of hydrogen as a flexible energy storage medium. Due to the low volumetric energy density of gaseous hydrogen, compressors are an essential component of hydrogen storage. Hydrogen compressors that support a flexible grid and on-demand vehicle fueling undergo challenging operating conditions, such as a high number of start and stop cycles and wide input and discharge pressure ranges. Equally robust components are required for these conditions while still meeting the financial requirements of sustainable hydrogen compression.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Safety Review of the Hydrogen Components of a Reference Design of the Wind-H2-Green Steel/Ammonia Project

The Department of Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Office and Wind Energy Technologies Office’s Wind-H2-Green Steel/Ammonia project is an initiative to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of GW-scale integrated energy systems. The team designed reference facilities that utilize wind- and solar-produced hydrogen for industrial steel and ammonia production. This novel concept warranted review of safety codes and standards as they apply to the designs and the identification of codes and standards as they apply to the designs and the identification of codes and standards gaps. This report reviews hydrogen production and storage codes and standards using reference design specifications from a Minnesota steel plant. Requirements, recommendations, and exclusions for the system were identified. Observed gaps included non-specific salt cavern storage requirements, electrolyzer capacity beyond regulated ranges, and lack of requirements for iron reduction via hydrogen. This report will aide future project design efforts and may provide a basis for safety reviews in new designs for industrial facilities with hydrogen production integration.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Safety Review of the Hydrogen Components of a Reference Design of the Wind-H2-Green Steel/Ammonia Project

The Department of Energy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Office and Wind Energy Technologies Office's Wind-H2-Green Steel/Ammonia project is an initiative to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of GW-scale integrated energy systems. The team designed reference facilities that utilize wind- and solar-produced hydrogen for industrial steel and ammonia production. This novel concept warranted review of safety codes and standards as they apply to the designs and the identification of codes and standards gaps. This report reviews hydrogen production and storage codes and standards using reference design specifications from a Minnesota steel plant. Requirements, recommendations, and exclusions for the system were identified. Observed gaps included non-specific salt cavern storage requirements, electrolyzer capacity beyond regulated ranges, and lack of requirements for iron reduction via hydrogen. This report will aide future project design efforts and may provide a basis for safety reviews in new designs for industrial facilities with hydrogen production integration.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2023

Hydrogen Equipment Enclosure Risk Reduction through Earlier Detection of Component Failures

Hydrogen component reliability and the hazard associated with failure rates is a critical area of research for the successful implementation and growth of hydrogen technology across the globe. The research team has partnered to quantify system risk reduction through earlier detection of hydrogen component failures. A model of hydrogen dispersion in a hydrogen equipment enclosure has been developed utilizing experimentally quantified hydrogen component leak rates as inputs. This model provides insight into the impact of hydrogen safety sensors and ventilation on the flammable mass within a hydrogen equipment enclosure. This model also demonstrates the change in safety sensor response time due to detector placement under various leak scenarios. The team looks to improve overall hydrogen system safety through an improved understanding of hydrogen component reliability and risk mitigation methods. This collaboration fits under the work program of IEA Hydrogen Task 43 Subtask E Hydrogen System Safety.

CFD↗
DOE OSTI2022

Isotope effects under the influence of global radial electric fields in a helical configuration

Isotope effects under the influence of a radial electric field are examined in a helical magnetic field configuration. We perform global gyrokinetic simulations with additional poloidal rotations to estimate quasi-linear heat flux due to ion temperature gradient mode under the mixing length model. In single-ion-species plasmas, the mass number dependency of heat flux agrees with gyro-Bohm scaling in the absence of a radial electric field. Favorable mass number dependencies violating gyro-Bohm scaling are observed in the presence of a global radial electric field or a heavy hydrogen component in multi-ion-species plasmas. The radial electric field and the heavy hydrogen component affect the heat flux through an increase of wavelength as well as mode stabilization. Poloidal Mach number characterizes the transition from unfavorable to favorable mass number dependency under radial electric fields. While the heat flux is independent of mass number for a given poloidal Mach number, the heat flux decreases for higher mass numbers in a given radial electric field. The heat flux is also independent of average mass number in multi-ion-species plasmas because the heavy hydrogen component effectively enhances the light hydrogen heat flux. The present results are potentially relevant to the violation of gyro-Bohm scaling observed in the recent deuterium experiments in the Large Helical Device.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Medium Duty Trucks, Rooftop Backup Power, and Advanced Hydrogen Refueling Components

The Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Delivery Van final project report describes the vehicle development, build, and demonstration of 15 hydrogen fuel cell hybrid electric delivery vans (FCHEDVs) sponsored, in part, by the DOE. This report provides background for the project including goals and objectives, project implementation details, technical results and lessons learned, and recommendations for relevant technologies going forward.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Tritium permeability measurement in hydrogen-tritium system

Fusion power promises to provide electricity generation with outstanding safety and environmental performance. Safety plays a crucial role in fusion material selection since tritium behavior in materials determines two key safety evaluation source terms: in-vessel inventory source term and ex-vessel release term, which are used in reactor safety assessments for licensing fusion facilities. Tritium permeation through materials at elevated temperature during long pulse operation expected in a burning plasma environment will become a major safety issue and development of tritium permeation barrier materials is required to minimize ex-vessel release to the environment [1]. Extensive work on hydrogen and deuterium behavior in fusion materials has been conducted, but very little database is available for tritium, the radioactive fuel for future reactors, due to the cost and difficulty associated with handling tritium [2]. A majority of the experiments were carried out at high hydrogen/deuterium partial pressure (> 100 Pa), but the expected tritium partial pressure in the blanket system is at low tritium partial pressure (< 100 Pa), where the tritium behavior deviates from diffusion-limited to surface-limited permeation. At these pressures the behavior of tritium is suspected to deviate from diffusion-limited to surface-limited permeation or isotope-limited [3]. The use of tritium enables us to investigate hydrogen isotope behavior in low partial pressure range with beta radiation detection. The physics of two-component hydrogen (H+T) permeation through metal in the surface-limited regime and through liquid breeding material are still too poorly understood to confidently design environmentally benign and safe fusion systems. In this paper, we discuss development of tritium permeation system for low tritium partial pressure [4], and discuss the results from two-component hydrogen (H+T) permeation in 20 mm disc samples of pure alpha-iron at H2 partial pressure of 100 Pa, wide T2 partial pressure range from 10-12 to 10 Pa, and sample temperature up to 600 °C to uncover the basic scientific understanding of tritium permeation behavior at realistic blanket conditions for DEMO. [1] FESAC report on “Opportunities for Fusion Materials Science and Technology Research Now and During the ITER Era” (2012) DOE/SC-0149 [2] R.A. Causey, R.A. Karnesky, and C. San Marchi, “4.16 Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors”, Comprehensive Nuclear Materials (2012) Chapter 4.16. [3] P. Humrickhouse “Permeation of Tritium and Hydrogen in the Diffusion-Limited and Surface–Limited Regimes”, submitted to Journal of Nuclear Materials. [4] R.J. Pawelko, M. Shimada, K. Katayama, S. Fukada, P.W. Humrickhouse, and T. Terai, “Low tritium partial pressure permeation system for mass transport measurement in lead lithium eutectic”, Fusion Engineering and Design 102 (2016) 8

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗