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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2026

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) Data, 2024, Trail Creek, Colorado

This dataset contains Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) data collected at Trail Creek, Colorado, in 2024. EMI surveys were conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity in the subsurface, providing insights into soil moisture and subsurface geological features. The surveys were performed along multiple transects to capture variations in conductivity influenced by changes in soil composition, moisture content, and underlying geological structures. This dataset complements other geophysical data collected in the region, including Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS), providing a detailed understanding of the subsurface and its impact on surface vegetation and hydrological processes. The data are valuable for environmental geophysics, ecological research, and hydrological modeling in mountainous ecosystems. The files include: - data.zip: the raw EMI data (.csv) - inversion.zip: the inverted resistivity model (.csv and .kml) - kriging.zip: the kriging resistivity model (.csv, .tif, .kmz) - flmd.csv: file level metadata file describing all files within this dataset - dd.csv: data dictionary file describing the column headers within CSV files This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

CMD Mini-Explorer↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modeling and analyzing parasitic parameters in high frequency converters

This research focuses on electromagnetic interference (EMI) / electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design and analysis in power electronics systems. To limit the EMI under the standards, different methods and strategies are investigated. Parasitic parameters of high frequency (HF) transformer are analyzed using a novel analytical method, finite element method (FEM), and experimental measurements for different structures and windings arrangements. Also, the magnetic field, electric field, electric displacement, and electric potential distribution are simulated and analyzed. Moreover, a high voltage system is considered and analyzed to improve the EMC. The EMI propagation paths are analyzed. The EMI noise level of the system is obtained and compared to the IEC61800-3 standard. To improve the EMC, the parasitic parameters of the transformer, as the main path of EMI circulation, are analyzed and optimized to block the propagation. Furthermore, the geometry structure of the HF transformer is optimized to lower the parasitics in the system. Three pareto-optimal techniques are investigated for the optimization. The models and results are verified by 3D-FEM and experimental results for several given scenarios. Furthermore, the EMC modeling and conducted EMI analysis are developed for a system including an AC-DC-DC power supply (rectifier and dual active bridge (DAB) converter). Moreover, the common mode (CM) EMI noise propagation through the system is discussed and the noise sources and effect of components on the noise are analyzed. Additionally, the CM impedance of different parts of the system and the noise levels are discussed. Finally, EMI attenuation techniques were applied to the system.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Estimation of soil classes and their relationship to grapevine vigor in a Bordeaux vineyard: advancing the practical joint use of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and NDVI datasets for precision viticulture

Working within a vineyard in the Pessac Léognan Appellation of Bordeaux, France, this study documents the potential of using simple statistical methods with spatially-resolved and increasingly available electromagnetic induction (EMI) geophysical and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets to accurately estimate Bordeaux vineyard soil classes and to quantitatively explore the relationship between vineyard soil types and grapevine vigor. First, co-located electrical tomographic tomography (ERT) and EMI datasets were compared to gain confidence about how the EMI method averaged soil properties over the grapevine rooting depth. Then, EMI data were used with core soil texture and soil-pit based interpretations of Bordeaux soil types (Brunisol, Redoxisol, Colluviosol and Calcosol) to estimate the spatial distribution of geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes. A strong relationship (r = 0.75, p < 0.01) was revealed between the geophysically-identified Bordeaux soil classes and NDVI (both 2 m resolution), showing that the highest grapevine vigor was associated with the Bordeaux soil classes having the largest clay fraction. The results suggest that within-block variability of grapevine vigor was largely controlled by variability in soil classes, and that carefully collected EMI and NDVI datasets can be exceedingly helpful for providing quantitative estimates of vineyard soil and vigor variability, as well as their covariation. The method is expected to be transferable to other viticultural regions, providing an approach to use easy-to-acquire, high resolution datasets to guide viticultural practices, including routine management and replanting.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

RF mixing modules for superconducting qubit room temperature control systems v1.0

We have developed a series of compact RF mixing boards by integrating I/Q quadrature mixing, IF(intermediate frequency)/LO(local oscillator)/RF power level adjustments, and DC (direct current) bias fine tuning on a 40 mm × 80 mm 4-layer PCB (printed circuit board) board with EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding.

Huang, Gang↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Compact, Single Stage, >1 kV Medium-Voltage Line Impedance Stabilization Network

This paper presents the design of a single-phase, single-stage line impedance stabilization network (LISN) for medium-voltage (MV) applications. More than 1 kV rated widebandgap (WBG) power semiconductor switches are increasingly utilized in new, emerging power electronics energy systems to improve power density and efficiency. However, due to inherently fast-switching speeds, WBG switch modules emit considerable electromagnetic interference (EMI) (e.g., common mode (CM) or differential mode (DM)). State-of-the-art offers standardized LISN solutions to validate and certify the new energy system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). However, most are for low voltage applications (i.e., < 1 kV). MV LISNs (i.e., > 1 kV) are rare until recently and literature does not provide sufficient guidelines for designing and characterizing such devices. It has been a critical challenge for many scientists and engineers to reliably certify the emerging MV energy systems (e.g., electric ships and aircraft). This paper addresses such a technology gap. Specifically, a CISPR 16-1-2 compliant 50Ω/50μH LISN with 1.5kV, 75A and 30MHz measurement capability has been proposed. Detailed performance study versus non-linear parasitic parameters variations in MV inductors and capacitors have been done. Based on new understandings, novel techniques to intuitively mitigate unwanted parasitic have been proposed to develop the proposed LISN successfully. Thorough characterization of important LISN parameters are presented and factors influencing them are analyzed. A rigorous analysis, experimental tests, and in-depth comparisons over state-of-the-art have been made to validate the effectiveness. This is done through the state-of-the-art 300kVA MV EMI testbed.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in grid-connected power converters: Challenges, standards, and compliance strategies

In today's rapidly advancing world, electronic devices and systems are fundamental to a wide range of industries, including renewable energy and global telecommunications infrastructure. However, as these devices become more complex and widespread, the risk of electromagnetic interference (EMI) also increases, underscoring the importance of stringent Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements for maintaining system integrity. This paper addresses the specific challenges associated with grid-connected power converters (GCPCs), which are critical in integrating renewable energy into existing power grids. It explores the complexities of EMI in the context of GCPCs, particularly given the recent emergence of tailored EMC standards for these systems. The paper also highlights the shortcomings of applying generic or unrelated standards to GCPCs, often leading to inadequate compliance and testing protocols. Through a detailed analysis of existing standards and recent advancements in product-specific EMC requirements, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape, offering guidance to stakeholders on navigating the intricate EMC compliance landscape, with a focus on methodologies, testing procedures, and the evolving regulatory environment for GCPCs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2023

Soil architecture and subsurface stratigraphic heterogeneities across land-lake interfaces along Lake Erie.

Uploaded raw datasets from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic induction (EMI) and insitu sensors were acquired across land-lake interfaces along Lake Erie. These datasets were useful to delineate the soil architecture and subsurface stratigraphic heterogeneities. We combined multiple geophysical methods with lithostratigraphic logs from borehole cores and data from soil and borehole sensors to investigate spatial heterogeneities across land-lake interfaces. The apparent electrical conductivity (Eca) maps matched closely with the soil maps from public database and also detected additional soil units that were missing in the traditional soil maps. This implies that electromagnetic induction (EMI) could be relied upon for non invasive characterization of soils in sampling restricted sites where only non-invasive measurements are feasible. Results from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and Ground penetrating radar (GPR) are consistent with the surficial geology of the study area, and revealed that the vertical variabilities at the sites are mainly driven by stratigraphy.The ERT data (.stg) were acquired from three different sites portage river (PTR), crane creek (CRC) and old woman creek (OWC). The ".stg" files can be opened with ERT inversion software such as EarthImager, ResIpy or Res2DInv. The GPR data (.GPZ) were also acquired from the three sites, and the ".GPZ" data files can be opened with EKKO_project 5 software from Sensors & Software Inc., or with any other standard GPR software. The EM data (.csv) were acquired from the three sites while the soil sensor data (.csv) here were acquired only from crane creek site. The ".csv) files can be opened with MS Excel or any other spread sheet software.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

WBG-Enabled Current-Source Inverters for Integrated PM Motor Drives

This project takes advantage of the special capabilities of wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices to develop innovative power electronics in the form of new current-source inverters (CSIs) that offer promising advantages over the dominant voltage-source inverter (VSI) topology. These CSIs, in turn, are extremely well-suited for integration into the housings of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) to form integrated motor drives (IMDs). These new IMDs offer great promise for achieving major energy savings in a wide variety of applications that benefit from adjustable-speed control, including air conditioners, laundry appliances, industrial pumps/compressors, electric vehicles, and aerospace drives. WBG devices play a critical enabling role in these new IMDs because of their transformative features including much higher switching frequencies, lower losses, and compatibility with high operating temperatures. When incorporated into new CSI-based IMDs with PM machines, these WBG switches open the door to achieving major increases in power density, drive system efficiency, and fault tolerance, as well as substantial reductions in electromagnetic interference (EMI), manufacturing cost, and temperature-induced failures. The higher operating temperature capability of WBG devices compared to conventional silicon power devices is very appealing in IMD applications because the power electronics is mounted in close proximity to the motors which typically operate at temperatures well above the maximum limits of today’s silicon-based power electronics. This project has succeeded in designing, building, and testing multiple prototype versions of this CSI-IMD that have overcome many technical challenges in order to demonstrate the impressive performance improvements that can be achieved by the WBG-enabled CSI-IMD. The preliminary demo and bench-top versions of the current-source inverter developed during the first two years of the project were critical to laying the technical foundations for the 3 kW prototype CSI-IMD unit that was successfully built and tested during the third year. This prototype CSI-IMD unit was designed to fit within the housing envelope of the original permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine in order to meet the demanding power density requirements that were set at the beginning of the project. All of the remaining performance objectives set for the prototype CSI-IMD unit including efficiency and electromagnetic interference (EMI) were also met. The last 18 months of the project were devoted to developing further enhancements of the WBG-enabled CSI-IMD technology that better prepare it for commercial production. More specifically, an upgraded version of the prototype CSI-IMD unit was developed that moved the power electronics into the same machine housing chamber as the motor, substantially raising the thermal demands on the power electronics. Tests with five different combinations of motor enclosure types and air cooling configurations were evaluated. Importantly, this work confirmed that the power electronics can deliver its full rated power and still operate well within its maximum temperature limits even for worst-case conditions when the housing is “totally-enclosed” without any openings for air to enter or exit the enclosure, and no blower/fan is provided to blow air over the outside surface of the enclosure. Reaching the full performance and energy-savings potential of this disruptive CSI-IMD motor drive technology is highly consistent with ARPA-E’s stated mission to “enhance the economic and energy security of the United States” while also supporting its commitment to “ensure that the U.S. maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies”. Follow-on projects are under way to explore the scalability of WBG-enabled CSI-IMD technology to 100 kW (peak) electric vehicle traction drives and fault-tolerant modular motor drives for future electrified aircraft propulsion applications.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2022

In-Package Common-Mode Filter for GaN Power Module with Improved Radiated EMI Performance

This paper discusses the impact of parasitic inductances on the electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance at radiated frequency and provides a new concept for high-frequency wide bandgap (WBG) power module package design with integrated π-type common mode filter (π-CMF). The connection parasitic-inductances of a π-type CMF model are analyzed, and the parasitic inductances from the CMF to the CM noise source and to the heatsink are minimized to improve the CMF's EMI performance in the radiated frequency range. Therefore, placing the π-CMF closer to the power module (i.e. in-package CMF) provides a larger noise attenuation compared to placing it outside the module (i.e. external CMF). To verify the theoretical analysis, a half-bridge GaN power module with an in-package π-CMF is designed, and experiments are conducted by comparing the attenuated noise spectrums of a 70-V/1.75-A hard-switching buck converter built by the designed module with an external CMF and the power-module integrated CMF. According to the experiment results, up to 10 dBμV more attenuation is achieved by the in-package CMF than the external CMF, validating the analytical conclusion.

Xue, Lincoln↗
DOE OSTI2020

Anomalous absorption of electromagnetic waves by 2D transition metal carbonitride Ti 3 CNT x (MXene)

Lightweight, ultrathin, and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are needed to protect electronic circuits and portable telecommunication devices and to eliminate cross-talk between devices and device components. Here, we show that a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbonitride, Ti 3 CNT x MXene, with a moderate electrical conductivity, provides a higher shielding effectiveness compared with more conductive Ti 3 C 2 T x or metal foils of the same thickness. This exceptional shielding performance of Ti 3 CNT x was achieved by thermal annealing and is attributed to an anomalously high absorption of electromagnetic waves in its layered, metamaterial-like structure. These results provide guidance for designing advanced EMI shielding materials but also highlight the need for exploring fundamental mechanisms behind interaction of electromagnetic waves with 2D materials.

Science & Technology - Other Topics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Criteria for Determining the Safety of Wireless Technologies at Nuclear Power Plants

This report provides an initial discussion of the potential impact to safety-related/important-to-safety (SR/ITS) systems by the possible expanded use of wireless technologies. One aspect of this discussion is focused on a review of Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.180 Rev. 2 to determine whether any revisions are necessary to reflect the current state of practice in evaluating and protecting instrumentation and control (I&C) systems and components from electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radiofrequency interference (RFI) on safety and nonsafety I&C. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of a device or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic (EM) environment, which is achieved by limiting the unintentional generation, propagation, and reception of EM energy that may cause unwanted effects such as EMI. The goal of EMC is to ensure the correct operation of different types of equipment in a common EM environment.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2021

EMI Mitigation of a &Cacute;uk-Based Power-Electronic System Using Switching-Sequence-Based Control

Switching-sequence-based control (SBC) laws when designed based on topological switching behavior can have positive effects on slow- and fast-scale dynamics of a power-electronic system (PES). The slow-scale control can encompass fast PES state regulation and tracking, based on predefined objective, while fastscale control can address differential-mode (DM) and commonmode (CM) spectral-peak energy associated with PES switching operation. Such control laws may offer enhanced programmability to conventional PES design where bulky electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters have been traditionally used to reduce EMI of switching power converters to meet EMI regulatory standards. An EMI filter is always a less programmable solution since it is usually designed for the worst-case EMI mitigation and usually overkill for a PES operating under reduced load condition. The control scheme outlined in this article offers EMI mitigation across wide operating regions without compromising PES regulation. Moreover, it does so by use of switching sequences that guarantee the reachability of the PES dynamics using an advanced Lyapunov-function-based approach. SBC is a powerful tool to generate control actions for a PES based on multivariate PES state constraints. Hence, contemporary EMI regulatory standards are used as constraints in the SBC formulation to operate the PES under wide operating regime while autonomously mitigating the EMI levels. The work may be of paramount importance for operating the ultra-fast-transition recent wide-bandgap semiconductor devices like GaN–FET and SiC MOSFET under higher power with increasing switching frequencies, which is usually desirable for increased power density and reduced switching losses. Here, a hardware Cuk–PES operated ´ with GaN–FETs is fabricated and is used for case illustration. It is shown by experimental results how SBC mitigate DM and CM EMI noise of the PES while maintaining regulation even for the higher order nonminimum phase PES, while reducing sensor requirements using state observer derived from the switching model of the PES.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Optimal Modulation and DM Filter Design for a High Switching Frequency Single-Stage Microinverter

This paper presents an optimal modulation and systematic filter design approach for a single-stage dual-active-bridge (DAB) based dc-ac microinverter to achieve improved differential-mode (DM) noise performance for electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests. As DM filters contribute significantly to the overall converter volume, the main objective of this work is to leverage the degrees of freedom in the DAB converters to effectively attenuate the EMI noise. In addition, the DM filter design method needs to ensure near unity power factor converter operation. To achieve these targets, this paper analyzes three modulation strategies based on fixed or variable switching frequency operation where the different control modulation variables are varied to find the simulated DM noise spectrum. Based on the required DM attenuation, a constrained optimization problem is formulated to determine minimal DM filter parameters. Simulation results show that a spread spectrum approach with variable switching frequency is shown to minimize the DM EMI attenuation effort by spreading the noise profile. A fully GaN 400 W hardware prototype demonstrated the spread-sprectrum approach.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Lightweight, Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Composite Films Reinforced with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Carbon Nanofillers

Lightweight, flexible polymer composites are widely adopted in modern electronic devices and systems for high-efficiency electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Reinforcing polymer composites with conductive fillers offers a promising alternative to conventional metal-based shielding material thanks to their low density, tunable properties, and flexibility. Herein, lightweight, flexible ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite films reinforced with recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) and carbon-based nanofillers, including graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon nanotubes, are reported for EMI shielding applications. The incorporation of these nanofillers significantly reduces the required content of rCFs and improves processability while maintaining comparable shielding effectiveness. The addition of these nanofillers with rCFs enhances the EMI shielding effectiveness by up to 15 dB. Incorporating 1 wt% GNPs can replace 5 wt% rCFs and achieve comparable EMI shielding performance, while 5 wt% of either nanofillers can substitute for 10 wt% rCFs. Numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave transmission reveals that increasing nanofiller concentrations enhances both reflection and absorption losses, with absorption consistently dominating across all levels. Furthermore, this study not only provides insight into the synergistic contributions of rCFs and carbon nanofillers to shielding effectiveness but also paves the way for the design of sustainable, lightweight EMI shielding composite films for applications in electric vehicles, medical equipment, and portable electronics.

carbon nanofiller↗
DOE OSTI2024

Printed graphene and its composite with copper for electromagnetic interference shielding applications

Abstract Advances in mobile electronics and telecommunication systems along with 5G technologies have been escalating the electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem in recent years. Graphene-based material systems such as pristine graphene, graphene-polymer composites and other graphene-containing candidates have been shown to provide adequate EMI shielding performance. Besides achieving the needed shielding effectiveness (SE), the method of applying the candidate shielding material onto the object in need of protection is of enormous importance due to considerations of ease of application, reduced logistics and infrastructure, rapid prototyping and throughput, versatility to handle both rigid and flexible substrates and cost. Printing readily meets all these criteria and here we demonstrate plasma jet printing of thin films of graphene and its composite with copper to meet the EMI shielding needs. SE over 30 dB is achieved, which represents blocking over 99.9% of the incoming radiation. Graphene and its composite with copper yield higher green index compared to pure copper shields, implying reduced reflection of incoming electromagnetic waves to help reduce secondary pollution.

Materials Science↗
DOE OSTI2023

Printing of electromagnetic interference shielding materials

Here, the proliferation of electronic devices has made electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding an exponentially growing business. Regulatory requirements change constantly as new technologies continue to emerge. Innovations in materials and new advances in shielding implementation techniques are needed to pass regulatory compliance tests at an affordable cost. Here, we print various EMI shielding materials such as copper, silver and a composite of copper with Fe 3 O 4 using plasma jet printing. Printing enables shields only a few microns thick capable of high shielding effectiveness. Copper's EMI shielding performance is primarily contributed by reflection mechanism, as expected and this is known to cause secondary pollution. A Green Index for EMI shielding, given by the ratio of absorption and reflection contributions to shielding, indicates values lower than 0.1 for printed copper films.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Towards Non-Intrusive Real-Time Monitoring of Behind the Meter Residential Distributed Energy Resources

The growing adoption of residential distributed energy resources (DERs) introduces more uncertain variability in power grid operation. More importantly, the residential DERs operate behind customers’ energy meters, and therefore, the utility cannot “directly” monitor them. Prior approaches to enable visibility into behind-the-meter (BTM) DERs either depend on estimations or require intrusive instrumentation on the customer side. To address the critical need for direct real-time monitoring of BTM DERs, in this paper, we propose a novel approach for utility-side direct real-time monitoring of residential BTM DERs. We utilize high-frequency (> 10kHz) conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) from residential DERs’ grid-tied inverters to monitor their power generation. We discuss the working principle of our approach and present supporting results using three of-the-shelf grid-tied inverters.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗