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Results for “electrical characterization”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Charge collection and electrical characterization of neutron irradiated silicon pad detectors for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

The replacement of the existing endcap calorimeter in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector for the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), scheduled for 2027, will be a high granularity calorimeter. It will provide detailed position, energy, and timing information on electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the immense pileup of the HL-LHC. The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) will use 120-, 200-, and 300-$\mu\textrm{m}$ thick silicon (Si) pad sensors as the main active material and will sustain 1-MeV neutron equivalent fluences up to about $10^{16}~\textrm{n}_\textrm{eq}\textrm{cm}^{-2}$. In order to address the performance degradation of the Si detectors caused by the intense radiation environment, irradiation campaigns of test diode samples from 8-inch and 6-inch wafers were performed in two reactors. Characterization of the electrical and charge collection properties after irradiation involved both bulk polarities for the three sensor thicknesses. Since the Si sensors will be operated at -30 $^\circ$C to reduce increasing bulk leakage current with fluence, the charge collection investigation of 30 irradiated samples was carried out with the infrared-TCT setup at -30 $^\circ$C. TCAD simulation results at the lower fluences are in close agreement with the experimental results and provide predictions of sensor performance for the lower fluence regions not covered by the experimental study. All investigated sensors display 60$\%$ or higher charge collection efficiency at their respective highest lifetime fluences when operated at 800 V, and display above 90$\%$ at the lowest fluence, at 600 V. The collected charge close to the fluence of $10^{16}~\textrm{n}_\textrm{eq}\textrm{cm}^{-2}$ exceeds 1 fC at voltages beyond 800 V.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Rapid Cryogenic Electrical Characterization of Materials and Devices Using Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers

Thin-film heterostructures are necessary building blocks for superconducting and phononic quantum computing devices. Many new generations of quantum hardware demand extensive materials research to optimize performances at cryogenic temperatures (below 10 K). Here, we demonstrate compact cryogenic measurement systems capable of reaching sub-10K temperatures in less than three hours with the ability to measure AC/DC resistance and dielectric properties of thin-film materials. Our platform utilizes Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocoolers as effective tools for providing high throughput cooling-warming cycles. We successfully used the GM-based measurement systems to measure 1) the superconducting transition temperature for Nb thin films (T c ~7.8 K), and 2) the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant in SiO 2 thin films down to 10 K. The fast electrical characterization feedback will be critical in developing robust materials and components for cryogenic computing devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrical characterization of freestanding complex oxide ferroelectrics: Artifacts and experimental precautions

Recently, freestanding complex oxide ferroelectric materials have gained attention due to their tremendous potential in electronic and mechanical engineering applications. Whether these materials in a freestanding form exhibit intrinsically different behavior than in a strongly bonded as-grown state is a topic of ongoing exploration. Several factors such as circuit configuration, substrates, and electronic measurement conditions can affect probing the intrinsic properties of these materials and complicate the conclusive outcome of such exploration. The importance of maintaining the same experimental conditions for a comparative study of these materials in as-grown and freestanding states is discussed here

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Interpretable Machine Learning for Characterizing Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior: Insights from Real-World Data

As electric vehicle (EV) adoption rises globally, concerns about the impact on aging electrical grids grow, particularly regarding the charging behavior of EV drivers. This study analyzes real-world driving and charging data from Ford battery electric vehicles (BEVs) collected between 2018 and 2019 to develop interpretable models that characterize charging behavior and quantify influencing factors. Prior research has relied on assumptions regarding driver behavior, often overlooking actual charging patterns. By employing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), this work offers insights into how various elements, such as next trip distance and state of charge (SOC), influence charging decisions. The dataset comprises over three million park-trip pairs from 1,997 vehicles, revealing that features related to driving behavior significantly dictate charging behavior, while infrastructure and regional factors have lesser impacts. The findings suggest that existing simulation models may oversimplify EV charging behavior assumptions. This work utilizes real-world EV driving and charging data to train interpretable models that describe charging behavior and quantify the factors most associated with how drivers use charging infrastructure. This research underscores the need for interpretable, data-driven methodologies to inform future EV infrastructure planning and grid management.

29 - ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development of a Novel Electrical Characterization Technique for Measuring Hidden Joint Contacts in Weapons Cavities (LDRD Final Report 218470)

This report summarizes research performed in the context of a REHEDS LDRD project that explores methods for measuring electrical properties of vessel joints. These properties, which include contact points and associated contact resistance, are “hidden” in the sense that they are not apparent from a computer-assisted design (CAD) description or visual inspection. As is demonstrated herein, the impact of this project is the development of electromagnetic near-field scanning capabilities that allow weapon cavity joints to be characterized with high spatial and/or temporal resolution. Such scans provide insight on the hidden electrical properties of the joint, allowing more detailed and accurate models of joints to be developed, and ultimately providing higher fidelity shielding effectiveness (SE) predictions. The capability to perform high-resolution temporal scanning of joints under vibration is also explored, using a multitone probing concept, allowing time-varying properties of joints to be characterized and the associated modulation to SE to be quantified.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterizing electrical panel capacity, breaker space, and loads in U.S. single-family homes

Electrical panels distribute electricity to appliances, equipment, and other building loads and maintain safety by preventing overloads of branch circuits, feeders, and utility service wires connecting homes to the grid. Load calculations in the National Electrical Code (NEC) determine the capacity of installed electrical panels in the United States, which are rated in amps (A). Circuit breakers within electrical panels affect the magnitude and number of loads that panels can serve. In home retrofits and renovations, existing electrical panels may not accommodate new electrical loads, either due to insufficient electrical capacity or a lack of available breaker spaces. Homes with these panel constraints may need to replace existing panels with new panels that have greater capacity and breaker space.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Characterizing electrical demand and load diversity of low-power water and space heating appliances in US homes

Home renovation and remodeling projects can involve costly and time consuming electrical infrastructure upgrades at the household level. From the grid perspective they also lead to costly replacement of local infrastructure, such as transformers, and can add stress to the grid at peak times. The emergence of innovative, power-efficient household appliances offers a way to minimize these problems. These appliances are designed for lower power consumption, simplifying installation through standard plug-in connections, reducing the need for new electric circuits/panels/service, and minimizing the peak power demand for the home. Key examples include low-power heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) and cold climate window heat pumps that operate on standard 120V outlets. To assess the real-world impact of these solutions, we compiled and analyzed power metering data from several US field studies. This data provides insights into the effects on peak power demand of selecting lower-power appliances. Our analysis focuses on several key metrics, including the maximum power demand of individual appliances, their operational runtime, continuous operation and load diversity. While individual low-power 120V space and water heating appliances offer significant peak demand reductions compared to 240V heat pump or resistance alternatives, their longer runtimes might increase the likelihood of operation during whole-dwelling peak events, albeit at lower power levels.

Less, Brennan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Advancing PV material performance using nanoscale opto-electrical characterization

The purpose of this program was to improve the efficiency of photovoltaics by characterizing their optoelectronic properties at the nanoscale. We investigated Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) materials produced by Dow. We modified an atomic force microscope (AFM) to work with a highly controlled environment under controlled illumination at the probe to study the main power conversion efficiency determining parameters for photovoltaics of open circuit voltage, short circuit current, carrier lifetime and diffusion length, and band alignment at interfaces and defects with sub 10nm spatial resolution of their device materials.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Miscellaneous Electric Loads: Characterization and Energy Savings Potential

Over time, miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) are expected to increase both in magnitude and share of residential and commercial building energy consumption. This trend is most apparent in North America, but it is also occurring in Japan and Europe. However, the contribution of MELs to building energy use is not currently well understood, both because the products in this category are transforming rapidly and the definition and classification of MELs is ambiguous. This study estimated the national energy consumption of 36 MELs using best-available data and found them to comprise 12% of delivered electricity to the U.S. residential and commercial building sectors. If 26 of these MELs were replaced with the most energy-efficient product models available on the market, their energy consumption could be halved to 6% of delivered electricity. National energy models will better account for building energy consumption by incorporating the MELs data collected and analyzed for this study, leading to improved policy decisions.

Miscellaneous electric loads, Plug loads, Taxonomy↗
DOE OSTI2022

Conjugated Metal–Organic Macrocycles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrical Conductivity

The dimensional reduction of solids into smaller fragments provides a route to achieve new physical properties and gain deeper insight into the extended parent structures. Here, we report the synthesis of CuTOTP-OR (TOTP n – = 2,3,6,7-tetraoxidotriphenylene), a family of copper-based macrocycles that resemble truncated fragments of the conductive 2D metal–organic framework Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene). The planar metal–organic macrocycles self-assemble into ordered nanotubes with internal diameters of ~2 nm and short interlayer distances of ~3.20 Å. Strong π–π stacking interactions between macrocycles facilitate out-of-plane charge transport, and pressed pellet conductivities as high as 2(1)×10 -3 S cm -1 are observed. Peripheral alkyl functionalization enhances solution processability and enables the fabrication of thin-film field-effect transistor devices. Ambipolar charge transport is observed, suggesting similar behavior may be operative in Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 . By coupling the attractive features of metal–organic frameworks with greater processability, these macrocycles enable facile device integration and a more nuanced understanding of out-of-plane charge transport in 2D conductive metal–organic frameworks.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Electrically conductive proppant and methods for detecting, locating and characterizing the electrically conductive proppant

Electrically conductive proppants and methods for detecting, locating, and characterizing same are provided. The electrically conductive proppant can include a substantially uniform coating of an electrically conductive material having a thickness of at least 500 nm. The method can include injecting a hydraulic fluid into a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to open a fracture therein, injecting into the fracture a fluid containing the electrically conductive proppant, electrically energizing the earth at or near the fracture, and measuring three dimensional (x, y, and z) components of electric and magnetic field responses at a surface of the earth or in an adjacent wellbore.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electrically conductive proppant and methods for detecting, locating and characterizing the electrically conductive proppant

Electrically conductive proppants and methods for detecting, locating, and characterizing same are provided. The electrically conductive proppant can include a substantially uniform coating of an electrically conductive material having a thickness of at least 500 nm. The method can include injecting a hydraulic fluid into a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to open a fracture therein, injecting into the fracture a fluid containing the electrically conductive proppant, electrically energizing the earth at or near the fracture, and measuring three dimensional (x, y, and z) components of electric and magnetic field responses at a surface of the earth or in an adjacent wellbore.

Cannan, Chad↗
DOE OSTI2023

Antenna With Embedded Die in Glass Interposer for 6G Wireless Applications

This article presents the antenna-integrated glass interposer for D-band 6G wireless applications using dieembedding technology. Here, we implement the die-embedded package on glass substrates and characterize the electrical performance in the D-band. The electrical characterization employs embedded test dies with the 50-Ω ground–signal–ground (GSG) ports and coplanar waveguides. We achieve low-loss die-to-package transitions by using staggered dielectric vias, which are compared with the transitions of wire-bonding and flip-chip assembly. This article provides detailed information on the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of the die-to-package interconnects. This article also demonstrates the integration of microstrip patch antenna array and embedded dies in the D-band. The results show superior electrical performance provided by the die-embedded glass interposer. The die-to-package interconnect exhibits good matching (less than —10-dB S11) and low loss (0.2-dB loss) in the D-band. The integrated 1 × 8 patch antenna array shows 11.6-dB broadside gain and good matching with the embedded die. In addition, by using a temporary carrier, the antenna-integrated glass interposer also has great potential for further heterogeneous integration and thermal management.

42 ENGINEERING↗