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At least 19 records

Data needs and data bases for climate studies

Two complementary global digital data bases of vegetation and land use, compiled at 1 deg resolution from published sources for use in climate studies, are discussed. The data bases were implemented, in several individually tailored formulations, in a series of climate related applications including: land-surface prescriptions in three-dimensional general circulation models, global biogeochemical cycles (CO2, methane), critical-area mapping for satellite monitoring of land-cover change, and large-scale remote sensing of surface reflectance. The climate applications are discussed with reference to data needs, and data availability from traditional and remote sensing sources.

Matthews, Elaine↗

The Michigan data needs questionnaire

The data needs questionnaire is an element in the project design study for the Michigan Resource Inventory Act and is aimed at gathering information on what inventory information is required by land use planners throughout the state. Analysis of questionnaire responses is discussed. Some information on current use categories was tabulated. The respondents selected a broad range of categories at all levels of detail. Those most frequently indicated were urban categories.

Hill-Rowley, R.↗

Data Needs for Stellar Atmosphere and Spectrum Modeling

The main data need for stellar atmosphere and spectrum modeling remains atomic and molecular transition data, particularly energy levels and transition cross-sections. We emphasize that data is needed for bound-free (b - f) as well as bound-bound (b - b), and collisional as well as radiative transitions. Data is now needed for polyatomic molecules as well as atoms, ions, and diatomic molecules. In addition, data for the formation of, and extinction due to, liquid and solid phase dust grains is needed. A prioritization of species and data types is presented, and gives emphasis to Fe group elements, and elements important for the investigation of nucleosynthesis and Galactic chemical evolution, such as the -elements and n-capture elements. Special data needs for topical problems in the modeling of cool stars and brown dwarfs are described.

Short, C. I.↗

Survey of emerging nuclear data needs for nonproliferation applications with advanced reactors

Nuclear science plays a key role in non-proliferation activities supporting advanced reactor technologies. Nuclear data underpin predictions and interpretations of nuclear material behavior and signatures in reactor fuel production, use, transport, and storage. Advanced reactors provide new challenges compared to the current fleet of thermal fission reactors. This report consolidates reported nuclear data needs from representative workshops, conferences, and publications, identifying six themes for recommended future investments supporting non-proliferation and safeguards applications. While also identified as data needs, major fission product evaluations and (α,n) reactions were omitted as there are ongoing activities producing new data under NA22/Objective O. Each theme is summarized below with example data and association with the nonproliferation mission for advanced fuels and reactors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Assessment of nuclear data needs for advanced reactor demonstrations: application to the molten chloride reactor experiment (MCRE)

A number of advanced reactor concepts are planned for near-term demonstrations including micro-reactors, larger demonstrations and space nuclear systems. These reactor concepts are based on a wide variety of reactor technologies, including sodium, gas, and salt cooling. An overlooked area in the development and ultimate startup of these reactors is addressing nuclear data needs that allow confident prediction of the criticality, safety requirements, and operation of the reactors. In this paper we try to address the problem of assessing nuclear data needs and possible remedies to reduce the existing uncertainties for advanced nuclear reactors. A methodology for defining these needs is described. The case of the Molten Chloride Reactor Experiment (MCRE) has been considered and the related investigation highlights the specific needs for reducing uncertainty on the {sup 235}U capture and {sup 35}Cl (n,p) reactions. Relatively inexpensive integral experiments are indicated as possible solutions for significantly reducing the current associated uncertainties. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Using Time Series Data Products to Support ASHRAE’s Historic and Future Climate Data Needs through NASA’s POWER Web Services

To address the data needs for resilience and sustainability of building systems within ASHRAE, the NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project facilitates the use of NASA Earth Science data on a long-term, global scale. Solar data from several NASA projects and meteorological data from NASA assimilation models have been reformatted and disseminated to the public via a user friendly web GIS-enabled based data portal (https://power.larc.nasa.gov) in selectable data formats, immediately amenable to key industry wide decision support tools such as EnergyPlus. Time series of potential climate conditions from downscaled climate simulations are being made available for similar statistics and formats. An emphasis is placed upon obtaining and utilizing time series data to conduct analysis of building system performance for current and planning building systems for energy savings and greenhouse gas emissions. This presentation has the learning following learning objectives for the ASHRAE community: 1) Learn how NASA POWER’s web service suite can provide supplementary solar and surface meteorological data parameters, including a discussion of uncertainty. 2) Learn how downscaled climate scenario information can be provided to evaluate potential future requirements. The presentation is part of a forum entitled, "Weather Data for Large-Scale Building Energy Modeling".

time series↗

Assessment of Nuclear Data Needs for Advanced Reactor Demonstrations: Application to the Molten Chloride Reactor Experiment (MCRE)

A number of advanced reactor concepts are planned for near-term demonstrations including microreactors, larger demonstrations and space nuclear systems. These reactor concepts are based on a wide variety of reactor technologies, including sodium, gas, and salt cooling. An overlooked area in the development and ultimate startup of these reactors is addressing nuclear data needs that allow confident prediction of the criticality, safety requirements, and operation of the reactors. In this paper we try to address the problem of assessing nuclear data needs and possible remedies to reduce the existing uncertainties for advanced nuclear reactors. A methodology for defining these needs is described. The case of the Molten Chloride Reactor Experiment (MCRE) has been considered and the related investigation highlights the specific needs for reducing uncertainty on the 235U capture and 35Cl (n,p) reactions. Integral experiments relatively inexpensive are indicated as possible solution for significantly reduce the current associated uncertainties.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

Modeling strategies and data needs for representing coastal wetland vegetation in land surface models

Vegetated coastal ecosystems sequester carbon rapidly relative to terrestrial ecosystems. Coastal wetlands are poorly represented in land surface models, but work is underway to improve process-based, predictive modeling of these ecosystems. Here, in this work, we identify guiding questions, potential simulations, and data needs to make progress in improving representation of vegetation in terrestrial–aquatic interfaces, with a focus on coastal and estuarine ecosystems. We synthesize relevant plant traits and environmental controls on vegetation that influence carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems. We propose that models include separate plant functional types (PFTs) for mangroves, graminoid salt marshes, and succulent salt marshes to adequately represent the variation in aboveground and belowground productivity between common coastal wetland vegetation types. We also discuss the drivers and carbon storage consequences of shifts in dominant PFTs. We suggest several potential approaches to represent the diversity in vegetation tolerance and adaptations to fluctuations in salinity and water level, which drive key gradients in coastal wetland ecosystems. Finally, we discuss data needs for parameterizing and evaluating model implementations of coastal wetland vegetation types and function.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA In Situ Data Needs to Support the Operational Calibration and Validation of Ocean Color Satellite Data Products

Calibrating ocean color satellite instruments and validating their data products requires temporal and spatial abundances of high quality in situ oceanographic data. The Consortium for Ocean Leadership Ocean Observing Initiative (OOl) is currently implementing a distributed array of in-water sensors that could provide a significant contribution to future ocean color activities. This workshop will scope the optimal way to use and possibly supplement the planned OOl infrastructure to maximize its utility and relevance for calibration and validation activities that support existing and planned NASA ocean color missions. Here, I present the current state of the art of NASA validation of ocean color data products, with attention to autonomous time-series (e.g., the AERONET -OC network of above-water radiometers), and outline NASA needs for data quality assurance metrics and adherence to community-vetted data collection protocols

Werdel, P. Jeremy↗

Survey of spatial data needs and land use forecasting methods in the electric utility industry

A representative sample of the electric utility industry in the United States was surveyed to determine industry need for spatial data (specifically LANDSAT and other remotely sensed data) and the methods used by the industry to forecast land use changes and future energy demand. Information was acquired through interviews, written questionnaires, and reports (both published and internal).

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Atomic Data Needs for X-Ray Astronomy

This publication contains written versions of most of the invited talks presented at the workshop on Atomic Data Needs for X-ray Astronomy which was held at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center on December 16-1 7 1999. The idea of hosting such a workshop emerged from an imminent need to update and complete current atomic datasets in anticipation of a new era of high quality X-ray spectra starting with the launching of Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories. At first, our vision of the workshop was of a short and limited attendance event, given the specialization of the topic. But it, was soon realized, from the response to the first workshop announcement, that the topic was of much interest, to researchers working in X-ray spectra (physicists and astronomers). As a result, the workshop grew to approximately 120 participants from several countries. The kind of atomic data that interests us are those parameters needed for analysis and modeling of spectra shortward of about about 100 A and relevant to ionic species of astronomical interest. The physical mechanisms of interest in the formation of spectra include photoionization. collisional ionization, recombination (radiative and dielectronic). collisional excitation (by electrons and protons). and radiative deexcitation. Unique to X-ray spectroscopy are the ionization and excitation processes from inner-closed shells. in addition to the challenges in interpret,ing the medium resolution (epsilon/delta epsilon is about 0.05 - 0.1) data obtained by current X-ray astronomy experiments. Line wavelengths are of interest too, particularly owing to the high resolution spectra from the new experiments. The workshop was divided into five major areas: Observational Spectroscopy, Theoretical Calculations of Atomic Data, Laboratory Measurements of Atomic Parameters. Spectra Modeling, and Atomic Databases. One comforting finding from the work shop is that the enthusiasm felt by X-ray astronomers about the new observational missions seems to be shared by theoretical and experimental physicists. Talks were presented about several exciting new projects and experimental and theoretical techniques devoted to X-ray spectroscopy. Simultaneously, several new tools for spectral analysis and modeling have recently been developed, together with improved atomic databases. These proceeding are expected to be of interests to producers and users of atomic data. Moreover. the contributions presented here have been written in a way that can be used by a general audience of scientists and graduate students in X-ray astronomy, modelling, and in computational and experimental atomic physics.

Kallman, Timothy↗

Atomic Data Needs for X-ray Astronomy

This publication contains written versions of most of the invited talks presented at the workshop on "Atomic Data Needs for X-ray Astronomy," which was held at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center on December 16-17, 1999. The workshop was divided into five major areas: Observational Spectroscopy, Theoretical Calculations of Atomic Data, Laboratory Measurements of Atomic Parameters, Spectra Modeling, and Atomic Databases. These proceedings are expected to be of interest to producers and users of atomic data. Moreover, the contributions presented here have been written in a way that can be used by a general audience of scientists and graduate students in X-ray astronomy, modelling, and in computational and experimental atomic physics.

Bautista, Manuel A.↗

Nuclear Data Needs for Human Space Radiation Shielding

Protecting astronauts from the harmful effects of space radiation is a high priority for NASA. Space radiation transport codes utilize particle production cross sections describing the interactions of incident radiation with matter. The availability of measured nuclear cross section data needed for these studies will be reviewed. The energy range of interest for space radiation protection is approximately 100 MeV/n to 10 GeV/n. The majority of data are for projectile fragmentation partial and total cross sections, including both charge changing and isotopic cross sections. Cross section data are organized into categories which include charge changing, elemental, isotopic for total, single and double differential with respect to momentum, energy and angle. This plenary talk will discuss gaps in the data relevant to space radiation protection and recommendations for future experiments will be made. Double differential cross section data for light ion production will be emphasized.

John W Norbury↗

Lunar lander stage requirements based on the Civil Needs Data Base

This paper examines the lunar lander stages that will be necessary for the future exploration and development of the Moon. Lunar lander stage sizing is discussed based on the projected lunar payloads listed in the Civil Needs Data Base. Factors that will influence the lander stage design are identified and discussed. Some of these factors are (1) lunar orbiting and lunar surface lander bases; (2) implications of direct landing trajectories and landing from a parking orbit; (3) implications of landing site and parking orbit; (4) implications of landing site and parking orbit selection; (5) the use of expendable and reusable lander stages; and (6) the descent/ascent trajectories. Data relating the lunar lander stage design requirements to each of the above factors and others are presented in parametric form. These data will provide useful design data that will be applicable to future mission model modifications and design studies.

Mulqueen, John A.↗

Data Needs to be…

Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) data are essential to heliophysics, indeed all scientific research. We make recommendations intended to prioritize resources needed to satisfy FAIR data principles, treating them as a fundamental research infrastructure, rather than a simple research product.

A Halford↗

Chandra and XMM-Newton: Atomic Data Needs For X-ray Astronomy

With the launches of the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XM M-Newton, high resolution X-ray spectra of cosmic sources are broadening our understanding of the physical conditions, such as temperature, density, Ionization state, and elemental abundances. X-ray emitting astrophysical plasmas can be generally classified by their dominant ionization mechanism, either collisional ionization or X-ray photoionization. The atomic data needs are significantly different for these two cases; however, for both cases it is important that we identify robust and accurate diagnostics and that we verify completeness of the broadband models. We discuss the status of tile atomic data currently used in atomic databases for X-ray astronomy, in view of theoretical and experimental atomic physics considerations. We will also discuss the application of these models to new astrophysical data.

Brickhouse, Nancy↗

A Survey of Earth Observation Data Needed by U.S. Federal Agencies

The Satellite Needs Working Group (SNWG), part of the U.S. Group on Earth Observations (USGEO), surveys U.S. Federal civil agencies every two years regarding the Earth observation data they need in order to accomplish their high-priority agency objectives. The 2020 SNWG survey marked the third assessment cycle (after 2016 and 2018). Information solicited by the survey includes the nature of the need, features and phenomena being observed, data measurement characteristics, satellites and data products the agency uses or plans to use, agency satisfaction with currently available data, and limitations to agency use of satellite data. For analysis purposes, agency needs are assigned to science Focus Areas such as atmospheric composition, carbon/ecosystems, solid Earth, water, etc. Analysis of the survey responses yields insights on the current landscape of Earth observation needs across the U.S. Government agencies. The evolution over multiple survey cycles has been analyzed by the SNWG Assessment team at the Interagency Implementation and Advanced Concepts Team (IMPACT) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Key trends emerged in the agency-agnostic analysis that can be helpful to NASA decision-makers evaluating the ongoing, evolving, and emerging needs for NASA missions and instrument datasets expressed by participating agencies in the SNWG.

Katrina Virts↗

Inputs requested from earth resources remote sensing data users regarding LANDSAT-C mission requirements and data needs

Inputs from prospective LANDSAT-C data users are requested to aid NASA in defining LANDSAT-C mission and data requirements and in making decisions regarding the scheduling of satellite operations and ground data processing operations. Design specifications, multispectral band scanner performance characteristics, satellite schedule operations, and types of available data products are briefly described.

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