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At least 19 records

Accelerating Parallel Applications in Cloud Platforms via Adaptive Time-Slice Control

Cloud platforms can provide flexible and cost-effective environments for parallel applications. However, the resource over-commitment issues, i.e., cloud providers often provide much more executable virtual CPUs than available physical CPUs, still impede the synchronization operations of parallel applications, causing severe performance degradation. Existing methods optimize parallel applications by promoting the priorities of involved VMs. They cannot fully explore the performance of parallel applications, because they ignore the time-slice requirements of different phases of parallel applications. Furthermore, non-parallel applications experience unsatisfied performance because of low scheduling priorities. Given empirical analysis on time-slices of virtual machines (VMs), we find that shortening time-slices can mitigate synchronization overhead which incurs during communication phases, while over-short time-slices cause frequent cache misses in computation phases. Accordingly, we propose an Adaptive Time-slice Control (ATC) mechanism. ATC first detects the phases of parallel applications based on lock latency or cache misses. Then, ATC shortens time-slices during communication phases and prolongs time-slices during computation phases for parallel applications, and sets a uniform time-slice for non-parallel applications. Finally, we evaluate ATC using seven well-known benchmarks with 25+ applications. Experiments show that ATC obtains 1.5-75x performance gain for running parallel applications than state-of-the-art solutions, with nearly unaffected impact on non-parallel applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

A cloud platform for atomic pair distribution function analysis: PDFitc

A cloud web platform for analysis and interpretation of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) data ( PDFitc ) is described. The platform is able to host applications for PDF analysis to help researchers study the local and nanoscale structure of nanostructured materials. The applications are designed to be powerful and easy to use and can, and will, be extended over time through community adoption and development. The currently available PDF analysis applications, structureMining, spacegroupMining and similarityMapping , are described. In the first and second the user uploads a single PDF and the application returns a list of best-fit candidate structures, and the most likely space group of the underlying structure, respectively. In the third, the user can upload a set of measured or calculated PDFs and the application returns a matrix of Pearson correlations, allowing assessment of the similarity between different data sets. structureMining is presented here as an example to show the easy-to-use workflow on PDFitc . In the future, as well as using the PDFitc applications for data analysis, it is hoped that the community will contribute their own codes and software to the platform.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Large scale multi-node simulations of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory quantum circuits using Google Cloud Platform

Simulating quantum field theories on a quantum computer is one of the most exciting fundamental physics applications of quantum information science. Dynamical time evolution of quantum fields is a challenge that is beyond the capabilities of classical computing, but it can teach us important lessons about the fundamental fabric of space and time. Whether we may answer scientific questions of interest using near-term quantum computing hardware is an open question that requires a detailed simulation study of quantum noise. Here we present a large scale simulation study powered by a multi-node implementation of qsim using the Google Cloud Platform. We additionally employ newly-developed GPU capabilities in qsim and show how Tensor Processing Units -- Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) specialized for Machine Learning -- may be used to dramatically speed up the simulation of large quantum circuits. We demonstrate the use of high performance cloud computing for simulating $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum field theories on system sizes up to 36 qubits. We find this lattice size is not able to simulate our problem and observable combination with sufficient accuracy, implying more challenging observables of interest for this theory are likely beyond the reach of classical computation using exact circuit simulation.

Gustafson, Erik↗

Leveraging Cloud Platforms for Grid Modernization

Presentation held on Friday December 5th, 2025 at the “San Diego Tech Conference and Expo” about “Advanced Sensor Data Analytics and Cloud Computation for Grid Modernization”

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Leveraging Cloud Platforms for Grid Modernization

Overview of the DOE funded Grid Operator Analytics and Assessment tools for Inverter-Based Resources Dominated Grid (GOAAT-IBR) Project, including insight to the lab setup and event analysis and dashboards that are being developed for this project.

Aminifar, Ph.D., Farrokh↗

An Application-Based Performance Evaluation of NASAs Nebula Cloud Computing Platform

The high performance computing (HPC) community has shown tremendous interest in exploring cloud computing as it promises high potential. In this paper, we examine the feasibility, performance, and scalability of production quality scientific and engineering applications of interest to NASA on NASA's cloud computing platform, called Nebula, hosted at Ames Research Center. This work represents the comprehensive evaluation of Nebula using NUTTCP, HPCC, NPB, I/O, and MPI function benchmarks as well as four applications representative of the NASA HPC workload. Specifically, we compare Nebula performance on some of these benchmarks and applications to that of NASA s Pleiades supercomputer, a traditional HPC system. We also investigate the impact of virtIO and jumbo frames on interconnect performance. Overall results indicate that on Nebula (i) virtIO and jumbo frames improve network bandwidth by a factor of 5x, (ii) there is a significant virtualization layer overhead of about 10% to 25%, (iii) write performance is lower by a factor of 25x, (iv) latency for short MPI messages is very high, and (v) overall performance is 15% to 48% lower than that on Pleiades for NASA HPC applications. We also comment on the usability of the cloud platform.

Saini, Subhash↗

The Astronomy Commons Platform: A Deployable Cloud-based Analysis Platform for Astronomy

Abstract We present a scalable, cloud-based science platform solution designed to enable next-to-the-data analyses of terabyte-scale astronomical tabular data sets. The presented platform is built on Amazon Web Services (over Kubernetes and S3 abstraction layers), utilizes Apache Spark and the Astronomy eXtensions for Spark for parallel data analysis and manipulation, and provides the familiar JupyterHub web-accessible front end for user access. We outline the architecture of the analysis platform, provide implementation details and rationale for (and against) technology choices, verify scalability through strong and weak scaling tests, and demonstrate usability through an example science analysis of data from the Zwicky Transient Facility’s 1Bn+ light-curve catalog. Furthermore, we show how this system enables an end user to iteratively build analyses (in Python) that transparently scale processing with no need for end-user interaction. The system is designed to be deployable by astronomers with moderate cloud engineering knowledge, or (ideally) IT groups. Over the past 3 yr, it has been utilized to build science platforms for the DiRAC Institute, the ZTF partnership, the LSST Solar System Science Collaboration, and the LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing, as well as for numerous short-term events (with over 100 simultaneous users). In a live demo instance, the deployment scripts, source code, and cost calculators are accessible. 4 4 http://hub.astronomycommons.org/

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Evaluating the Cloud for Capability Class Leadership Workloads

Cloud platforms offer a variety of benefits that are very appealing for a large scale HPC facility with a diverse and dynamic user base and workload set. At the same time, there is cause for concern about transitioning to the cloud. Incorporating cloud resources into existing HPC facilities or even fully transitioning to a cloud deployment poses significant challenges at the technical, organizational, and economic levels. Regardless, based on current trends it is highly likely that cloud platforms will become an integral component of many HPC centers in some form. To gain a better understanding of both the limitations and capabilities of current cloud infrastructures we evaluated the public offerings of the three leading cloud platforms (Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform) using a selection of representative application workloads from our facility. Our findings show that while current HPC offerings are still nascent, significant progress is being made to address the present shortcomings. At the same time, significant challenges and questions remain about whether HPC cloud offerings will be able to deliver the full range of expected benefits.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Proposed Use of the NASA Ames Nebula Cloud Computing Platform for Numerical Weather Prediction and the Distribution of High Resolution Satellite Imagery

The development of the Nebula Cloud Computing Platform at NASA Ames Research Center provides an open-source solution for the deployment of scalable computing and storage capabilities relevant to the execution of real-time weather forecasts and the distribution of high resolution satellite data to the operational weather community. Two projects at Marshall Space Flight Center may benefit from use of the Nebula system. The NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center facilitates the use of unique NASA satellite data and research capabilities in the operational weather community by providing datasets relevant to numerical weather prediction, and satellite data sets useful in weather analysis. SERVIR provides satellite data products for decision support, emphasizing environmental threats such as wildfires, floods, landslides, and other hazards, with interests in numerical weather prediction in support of disaster response. The Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model Environmental Modeling System (WRF-EMS) has been configured for Nebula cloud computing use via the creation of a disk image and deployment of repeated instances. Given the available infrastructure within Nebula and the "infrastructure as a service" concept, the system appears well-suited for the rapid deployment of additional forecast models over different domains, in response to real-time research applications or disaster response. Future investigations into Nebula capabilities will focus on the development of a web mapping server and load balancing configuration to support the distribution of high resolution satellite data sets to users within the National Weather Service and international partners of SERVIR.

Limaye, Ashutosh S.↗

Integrated Risk-Informed Condition Based Maintenance Capability and Automated Platform: Technical Report 1

Due to continuing global energy market trends, driven heavily by the abundant preserves of natural gas, there is an immediate need to reduce costs associated with operation and maintenance (O&M) for the current domestic nuclear power industry and for future reactor developments. This is to ensure that nuclear power generation remains an economically competitive and viable option in the energy market. O&M costs include labor-intensive preventive maintenance (PM) programs, which involve manually-performed inspection, calibration, testing, and maintenance of plant assets at periodic frequency and time-based replacement of assets, irrespective of their condition. This has resulted in an expensive, labor-centric business model to achieve high capacity factors. Fortunately, there are technologies (advanced sensors, data analytics, and risk assessment methodologies) that can enable the transition from a labor-centric business model to a technology-centric business model. The technology-centric business model will result in a significant reduction of PM activities, laying the foundation for real-time condition assessment of plant assets, reducing overall labor and part costs. To enable this transition, PKMJ Technical Services LLC is partnering with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (operated by the Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC) and the Public Services Enterprise Group (PSEG) Nuclear, LLC in the Integrated Risk-Informed Condition-Based Maintenance Capability and Automated Platform Project. In this report, the configuration of a digital cloud platform using Microsoft Azure is discussed, data from the PSEG Salem Nuclear Generating Station Units 1 & 2 are imported into a digital cloud platform, and the data is used for an evaluation of several key areas: cost impact analysis, risk-informed model development, and preventive maintenance strategy optimization. First, the cost impact analysis reviews which plant assets are potential good candidates for condition-based monitoring. Next, INL utilized the data in their local environment to develop the risk-informed model; which provides estimates of failure rates and probability of failures of assets based upon their past performance. The developed model is performed on assets selected from the cost impact analysis. Lastly, engineers assess the preventive maintenance strategy for the selected assets at PSEG against maintenance strategies in the nuclear industry for similar assets to potentially identify acceptable justification for the extension of current maintenance frequencies.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Integrating Multi-agency Data Products in a Cloud-based Platform for Streamlined Discovery, Visualization, and Use

Earth science data users almost always have an interest in utilizing geospatial data from multiple agencies. As computing capability and cloud-based infrastructures accelerate the pace at which scientific research can be done, there is a growing need to enable search, discovery, and use of multi-agency geospatial observations relevant for a common use case - without undergoing the search and discovery process in a less efficient, disparate path with each agency. NASA’s Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) and NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) both support a wide range of Earth science disciplines’ research, operations, and applications activities. Presently, however, there are few examples of data discovery frameworks supporting an inquiry of both NASA’s and NOAA’s extensive archives of Earth observations that are equally suitable for a particular science scenario, regardless of the agency that “owns” the data. NASA and NOAA are collaborating on a data expedition platform for exploring fire weather using data products from both agencies. Users will be able to search, discover, and visualize NASA and NOAA products in one interface. Each agency will curate metadata for its respective datasets, providing for a rich search experience. The collaboration will pilot a shared search interface into these metadata datastores. Data products will be stored in the cloud in cloud-optimized format(s). These formats will allow for optimized data access and visualization to support the “data expedition”. Avenues for further development and application of this cloud-based, multi-agency data provisioning platform will also be discussed.

cloud-based technology↗

SAIGE-GPU: accelerating genome- and phenome-wide association studies using GPUs

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) at biobank scale are computationally intensive, especially for admixed populations requiring robust statistical models. SAIGE is a widely used method for generalized linear mixed-model GWAS but is limited by its CPU-based implementation, making phenome-wide association studies impractical for many research groups. We developed SAIGE-GPU, a GPU-accelerated version of SAIGE that replaces CPU-intensive matrix operations with GPU-optimized kernels. The core innovation is distributing genetic relationship matrix calculations across GPUs and communication layers. Applied to 2068 phenotypes from 635 969 participants in the Million Veteran Program, including diverse and admixed populations, SAIGE-GPU achieved a 5-fold speedup in mixed model fitting on supercomputing infrastructure and cloud platforms. We further optimized the variant association testing step through multi-core and multi-trait parallelization. Deployed on Google Cloud Platform and Azure, the method provided substantial cost and time savings. Source code and binaries are available for download at https://github.com/saigegit/SAIGE/tree/SAIGE-GPU-1.3.3. A code snapshot is archived at Zenodo for reproducibility (DOI: [10.5281/zenodo.17642591]). SAIGE-GPU is available in a containerized format for use across HPC and cloud environments and is implemented in R/C++ and runs on Linux systems.

Rodriguez, Alex [Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)↗

Synchronous and Concurrent Multidomain Computing Method for Cloud Computing Platforms

We present a numerical method for synchronous and concurrent solution of transient elastodynamics problem where the computational domain is divided into subdomains that may reside on separate computational platforms. Here, this work employs the variational multiscale discontinuous Galerkin (VMDG) method to develop interdomain transmission conditions for transient problems. The fine-scale modeling concept leads to variationally consistent coupling terms at the common interfaces. The method admits a large class of time discretization schemes, and decoupling of the solution for each subdomain is achieved by selecting any explicit algorithm. Numerical tests with a manufactured solution problem show optimal convergence rates. The energy history in a free vibration problem is in agreement with that of the solution from a monolithic computational domain.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Development of a Cloud-based Application to Enable a Scalable Risk-informed Predictive Maintenance Strategy at Nuclear Power Plants

Light-water reactor operations and maintenance (O&M) costs are prohibitively high, thus contributing to the premature decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPPs). This is partly due to how the equipment is monitored. In recent years, cloud computing has emerged as a dominant technology by virtue of its low costs, computing and storage adaptability, and ability to host applications over numerous types of virtual infrastructures. Cloud computing can be a cost-effective alternative to onsite storage and diagnostics. This paper conducts a techno-economic assessment of a provisional cloud deployment architecture for a NPP predictive monitoring (PdM) system. The cloud-based monitoring system would enable maintenance and diagnostics (M&D) analysts and other authorized plant users to remotely monitor equipment functionality so as to enable PdM practices and early detection of faults. The Microsoft Azure cloud platform is included in the proposed cloud architecture to provide data processing and storage, sensor device networking, and database management; however, this analysis could be extended to other cloud computing service providers as well. For the techno-economic assessment, technical feasibility is measured in terms of network performance metrics such as response time, latency, and throughput, whereas economic feasibility is measured in terms of operational costs and capital expenditures. Finally, this report covers certain regulatory and security aspects that may concern licensees looking to implement cloud computing. The report focuses on the integration of sensor database storage, the application of cloud resources to PdM, and the identification of technological and economic hurdles associated with moving to a cloud-computing-based architecture.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Exploring New Frontiers in Space Communications: Enhancing Delay Tolerant Networking through Cloud and Containerization

The High-rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) project at NASA Glenn Research Center has developed software that enables more flexible, reliable, and efficient space internetworking by using modern computing techniques such as cloud services, microservices, network function virtualization, software defined networking, and a distributed architecture. HDTN is built upon the Bundle Protocol and related convergence layers which have been developed to mitigate the challenges of the space networking environment including long delays, asymmetric data rates, and intermittent connectivity. The HDTN implementation employs asynchronous message processing tasks which allow for non-blocking operations as well as deployment in both centralized and distributed architectures. This paper investigates deploying HDTN in a containerized approach on the NASA Goddard’s Mission Cloud Platform using Amazon Web Services Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). Commercial cloud computing will lower operating costs, provide flexible resource allocation, and allow for interconnectivity between multiple NASA centers as well as external partners. Containerization using Docker will enable greater portability and scalability for HDTN to be deployed into a variety of environments. We discuss possible NASA missions and use-cases such as the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) where the services provided by HDTN (reliable transport, high-rate message processing, and store-and-forward capabilities) will be enhanced through cloud computing and containerization. In addition, we describe the HDTN architecture and possible microservice-based networking approaches that can be obtained via HDTN’s configuration capabilities. Finally, we detail the EC2 specifications needed to achieve data rates greater than 1 Gbps to support optical communication missions such as LCRD.

Blake LaFuente↗

Operational experience and R&D results using the Google Cloud for High-Energy Physics in the ATLAS experiment

The ATLAS experiment at CERN relies on a Worldwide Distributed Computing Grid infrastructure to support its physics program at the Large Hadron Collider. ATLAS has integrated cloud computing resources to complement its Grid infrastructure and conducted an R&D program on Google Cloud Platform. These initiatives leverage key features of commercial cloud providers: lightweight configuration and operation, elasticity and availability of diverse infrastructures. Here this paper examines the seamless integration of cloud computing services as a conventional Grid site within the ATLAS workflow management and data management systems, while also offering new setups for interactive, parallel analysis. It underscores pivotal results that enhance the on-site computing model and outlines several R&D projects that have benefited from large-scale, elastic resource provisioning models. Furthermore, this study discusses the impact of cloud-enabled R&D projects in three domains: accelerators and AI/ML, ARM CPUs and columnar data analysis techniques.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗