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DOE OSTI2026

Enhancing X-ray Sensitivity via the Antenna Effect in Quantum Shells with Multiexciton Emission

Quantum shells (QSs) with efficient multiexciton emission can generate multiple excitons per particle under high-energy excitation, thereby improving exciton utilization under intense X-ray exposure and offering strong potential for X-ray-based scintillation applications. However, these QSs are typically composed of low-atomic-number (Z) elements, which substantially limits their X-ray absorption efficiency and leads to poor X-ray sensitivity. Here, we overcome this fundamental limitation by introducing a high-Z antenna-sensitization strategy that couples QSs to heavy-element molecular absorbers, which act as X-ray harvesting centers and funnel energy into the QSs via efficient interfacial transfer. By combining enhanced X-ray absorption with efficient interfacial energy transfer and improved exciton utilization, we achieve more than an order-of-magnitude increase in multiexciton-driven QS radioluminescence (RL) relative to pristine shells. Additionally, a high X-ray imaging resolution of 25.2 lp mm –1 was achieved, exceeding the performance of most previously reported X-ray imaging scintillators. These findings offer a promising design strategy for advancing QS-based materials toward high-performance X-ray imaging applications.

antenna effect↗

DOE OSTI2025

Modeling of convective cells, turbulence, and transport induced by a radio-frequency antenna in the tokamak boundary plasma

The edge turbulence model Hermes (Dudson et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 05401) is set up for plasma boundary simulations with an radiofrequency (RF) antenna, using parameters characteristic of a tokamak edge. Cartesian slab geometry is used with thin plate limiters representing the ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna side-wall limiters. Ad-hoc DC electric biasing of the limiters, motivated by calculations with VSim (Nieter et al 2004 J. Comput. Phys. 196 448), represents an induced RF sheath rectified potential in the plasma turbulence model. Flux-driven turbulence simulations demonstrate a realistic distribution of plasma profiles and fluctuations. There is a clear effect of the antenna sheath voltage leading to formation of convective cells; bias-induced convective transport flattens the scrape-off layer density profile and fluctuations penetrate into the shadow region of the limiters as the bias voltage increases. Turbulent transport for impurity ions is inferred by following ion trajectories in the simulated plasma turbulence fields, showing Bohm-like effective diffusion rates. All in all, the model elucidates the key physical phenomena governing the effects of ICRF-induced antenna biasing on the tokamak boundary plasma.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Mitigation of ICRF—edge plasma interaction in Alcator C-Mod

The parasitic interaction between ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) waves and the edge plasma has long limited high-power ICRF utilization in magnetically confined fusion plasmas. In this paper, we report on the successful mitigation of this interaction by power tapering a four-strap field-aligned (FA) antenna in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. With the antenna operated in dipole phasing ($0\pi0\pi$), the ratio of the power coupled by the central two straps ($P_\mathrm {cent}$) to the power coupled by the outer two straps was varied at fixed total coupled ICRF power ($P_\mathrm {tot}$). With $P_\mathrm {cent}$/$P_\mathrm {tot} \approx 0.8-0.9$, no enhancement of the plasma potential was measured despite 1 MW of coupled ICRF power. When the antenna is powered, energy deposition increases on its four corners and on neighboring limiter tiles magnetically connected to some of those corners. The energy deposited on the antenna and limiter is minimized together with near-field plasma potentials. Additionally, we show that deviation from $P_\mathrm {cent}$/$P_\mathrm {tot} \approx 0.8$ enhances wave-plasma interactions in places not magnetically connected to the antenna. These far-field effects are correlated with changes in the antenna spectrum. Hence, on C-Mod, near-field and far-field interactions were minimized for about the same range of $P_\mathrm {cent}$/$P_\mathrm {tot}$. Optimal power tapering was also found to improve ICRF heating efficiency and facilitate H-mode access. Finally, we show that the heat flux pattern on the toroidally aligned antennas reverses with the direction of the RF-induced E×B flow in front of the antenna, a correlation not observed for the FA antenna. We argue that the RF-induced E×B flow, which carries high-density plasma from the near-SOL, is aligned with the FA antenna and does not intercept its corners, where the plasma potential is large. This could explain the previously reported smaller impurity generation by the FA antenna (Wukitch et al 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 056117).

Alcator C-Mod↗

DOE OSTI2025

Long-term calibration and validation of stability of the Auger Engineering Radio Array using the diffuse Galactic radio emission

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) measures radio emission from high-energy extensive air showers. Consisting of 153 autonomous radio-detector stations spread over 17 km^2, it detects radio waves in the frequency range of 30 to 80 MHz. Accurate characterization of the detector response is crucial for proper interpretation of the collected data. Previously, this was achieved through laboratory measurements of the analog chain and simulations and measurements of the antenna's directional response. In this paper, we perform an absolute calibration using the continuously monitored sidereal modulation of the diffuse Galactic radio emission. Calibration is done by comparing the average frequency spectra recorded by the stations with predictions from seven different models of the full radio sky, accounting for the system response, which includes the antenna, filters, and amplifiers. The analysis of the calibration constants over a period of seven years shows no relevant and no significant ageing effect in the AERA antennas. This result confirms the long-term stability of the detector stations and demonstrates the possibility for a radio detector to effectively monitor ageing effects of other detectors operating over extended periods.

Antennas↗

NASA NTRS1966

Spacecraft Antenna Pointing

In examining the characteristic inaccuracies of a pre-programmed high-gain antenna pointing system, the effects of spacecraft attitude errors, as embodied in pitch, yaw and roll limit cycle activity, are of major concern. If the pointing accuracy requirements for a particular mission allow the use of a single degree of freedom pointing system, it is doubtful whether a method of correcting antenna position for spacecraft attitude errors would be worthwhile. This is because the pointing error due to fitting a plane curve to a three-dimensional trajectory would probably be at least as large as the additional pointing errors due to attitude drift within the deadbands. Further, trying to correct pointing for pitch, yaw, and roll drifts by adjusting a single hinge angle is relatively ineffective.

ERROR SIGNAL↗

DOE OSTI2026

Polarization‐Engineered Near‐Field Generation Using a Hybrid Tip–Antenna System

Precise control of light polarization at the nanoscale is critical for accessing chiral optical responses and manipulating spin–photon interactions in advanced materials. Yet, conventional scattering-type near-field probes predominantly generate out-of-plane linear polarization and offer little control over phase or polarization state. Here, in this study, we introduce a polarization-engineered near-field methodology based on a combined metallic tip and planar dipole nanoantenna system. Using full-wave electromagnetic simulations, we show that the tip acts as a vertically oriented plasmonic resonator, while the antenna supports an in-plane dipolar mode. By tuning the tip–antenna geometry and tip height, the two orthogonal field components attain comparable amplitudes and a controllable ∼90° phase offset, producing circularly polarized nano-light in the antenna gap. The proposed system effectively functions as a nanoscale quarter-wave plate, converting linearly polarized illumination into circularly polarized hotspots without external polarization optics. This method establishes an experimentally accessible route toward polarization-programmable near-field nanoscopy, enabling chiral spectroscopy, selective excitation of spin/valley degrees of freedom, and quantum optical investigations at the nanoscale.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

Spurious solar-wind effects on acceleration noise in LISA Pathfinder

Spurious solar-wind effects are a potential noise source in future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) measurements. One noise coupling mechanism is constrained by estimating solar-wind effects on acceleration noise in LISA Pathfinder (LPF). While LISA is designed for drag-free differential measurement, predicting the realistic impact both bounds the operational environment and assesses whether LISA could provide serendipitous space-weather observations. Data from NASA's Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), situated at the L1 Lagrange point, serves as a reliable source of solar-wind data. The data sets are compared over the 114 d time period from 1 March 2016 to 23 June 2016. This period gives the longest readily-available open data set, without interference from other commissioning activities. To evaluate space weather effects, the data from both satellites are formatted, gap-filled/interpolated, and fast-Fourier transformed for amplitude spectral density and coherence comparisons. Solar wind effects are not seen in a coherence plot between LPF and ACE; modest coherence in the planned LISA observational frequency band can be attributed to chance. This result indicates that measurable correlation due to solar-wind acceleration noise over 3 month timescales will be a negligible noise source. LISA is unlikely to inform solar wind measurements routinely. Another source of noise from the Sun, solar radiation pressure, is estimated to impart greater acceleration noise, but has yet to be analyzed.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Measuring & Verifying Monopole Gauge Factors Into 50 Ohms

Student poster for HEART 2025. Abstract: Experimental data from multiple methods of measurement as compared to simulation and model data show that free-field antenna characterization methods can be appropriately applied to short, surface mount monopole antennas used in small cavities for shielding effectiveness testing.

Ferreri, Joseph Anthony [Sandia National Laborator↗

DOE OSTI2026

Studies of whistler propagation along a plasma density gradient that is parallel to the magnetic field

Low frequency plasma wave generation in space is important for both scientific and practical applications. One of the most promising techniques for doing this is to directly inject whistler waves into the space environment from an antenna onboard one or more satellites. This technique has been discussed for years, but there are still open questions about the best way to generate plasma waves. So far, most theoretical [Kondrat92], lab based [Pribyl2010, Stenzel2016] and space-based experiments [DSX] have focused on studying the generation of whistler waves from an electric dipole antenna. However, a dipole antenna is very inefficient because it puts a lot of energy in waves that are not effective for most applications. Theoretical [Kondrat92] and lab experimental [Stenzel2016] results indicate that a loop antenna is much more efficient at generating whistler waves than a dipole antenna. A satellite experiment will need to be developed to demonstrate that whistler waves can be generated from a loop antenna in the space environment. The challenge is that to efficiently transmit whistler modes in the natural plasma environment of space, the loop antenna will have to be very large. For example, at L=2 (one earth radius away from the surface of the earth) a loop antenna would need a radius on the order of ~200 m to radiate efficiently, as shown in fig. 1, left. The antenna size and complexity would require a prohibitively large and expensive satellite mission. Our proposed innovation is to exploit the fact that the characteristic wavelength of whistler waves decreases in more dense plasma, which reduces the size needed for an antenna to radiate efficiently. Fortunately, a technique already exists for enhancing the local plasma density in space, called a plasma contactor [Kovaleski2001]. A plasma contactor can be used to create a local environment where the plasma density is enhanced around the satellite, which in turn reduces the size of an antenna that is needed to radiate efficiently (Fig. 1, right).

42 ENGINEERING↗

DOE OSTI2026

ICRF near-field effects sensitivity to magnetic tilt-angle

This paper complements the study reported in G. Urbanczyk et al 2025 Nucl. Fusion 65 046018 by investigating how near-field effects from Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequency (ICRF) antennas depend on the magnetic geometry, particularly focusing on the sensitivity of rectified sheath potentials and associated impurity production to variations in magnetic field tilt-angle. Simulations were conducted using Petra-M, employing a flat model of the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) three-strap antenna, and COMSOL, utilizing a curved model of the WEST antenna. Results demonstrate indications of sensitivity of the rectified sheath potentials and impurity sputtering to the alignment of Faraday screen bars with the magnetic field lines, emphasizing the necessity for careful consideration of geometric alignment in antenna design for fusion devices. This trend is consistent with experimental data measured with various diagnostics.

Urbanczyk, Guillaume [Universite de Lorraine, Nanc↗

DOE OSTI2025

Design workflow of a symmetric traveling wave antenna for fast ion production on DD tokamaks

Initial computational plasma physics scoping and a finite element method antenna modeling design workflow for a symmetric center-fed high-field side high harmonic fast wave traveling wave array (TWA) antenna are reported here. The TWA is designed to generate a test population of fast deuterium ions in an existing D–D tokamak by heating neutral beam deuterium ions, accelerating them from 80 keV to several hundred keV. The resulting fast particles are tailored to mimic key reactor energetic particle parameters with regards to exciting Alfven eigenmode instabilities, allowing for a D–D tokamak like DIII-D or ASDEX-U to replicate reactor-relevant conditions experimentally. Initial scenario scoping for high single-pass absorption as well as good preferential fast ion damping relative to electron damping was completed using the ray-tracing/Fokker–Planck codes GENRAY and CQL3D. Python RF network analysis packages were used to create a custom TWA optimization tool to inform a COMSOL flat antenna design, and Petra-M was used to study cold plasma effects. The TWA produced by this workflow has several novel features when compared to previous TWA studies, including symmetric center feeding, and passive end straps for image current cancellation for reduced impurity production. We show here that the antenna design workflow can readily produce TWA antennas optimized for reflection coefficient, image current cancellation, and launched power spectrum shape; and that a population of fast ions can be generated in the correct region of parameter space, warranting future more detailed studies.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Electron cyclotron emission measurements and modeling in optically semi-transparent plasma on the HSX stellarator

On the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX), electron cyclotron emission (ECE) at the second harmonic of the electron gyrofrequency is measured with a 16-channel heterodyne receiver. An ECE radiometer diagnostic has been calibrated with a broadband frequency source, allowing independent measurements of the electron temperature. The antenna pattern has a significant impact on the measurements, and modeling its effect is necessary to produce an ECE radiation temperature spectrum. Measurements, calibration results, and modeling of the ECE data are presented in this paper. At a relatively high plasma density, HSX plasmas are thermal, and the radiation temperature measured by the radiometer is in good agreement with the electron temperature measured by a Thomson scattering diagnostic. At a relatively low plasma density, the deviation from a Maxwellian distribution is large, and asymmetry in the radiation temperature profile is measured. These measurements are supported by single-pass and multi-pass ray tracing calculations of the electron cyclotron emission using the TRAVIS ray tracing code. Thermal and nonthermal electron populations exist in HSX, and the effect of these populations on the asymmetry in the measured emission is presented.

Cyclotron radiation↗

DOE OSTI2024

Fast ion studies in the extended high-performance high β P plasma on EAST

Comprehending and optimizing fast ion behaviors is critical for the enhancement of performance in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This study explores the potential benefits of several factors that can improve the fast ion confinement. First, experiments show the change in the direction of the NBI2 from counter-I p to co-I p leads to a significant reduction in fast ion losses. TRANSP/NUBEAM simulation and tomography results based on fast-ion D-alpha measurements reveal that after the neutral beam injection (NBI) upgrade, the beam ion prompt loss is reduced by approximately 50%. Second, the upgraded ion cyclotron resonant frequency (ICRF) antenna at the N-port features twice the coupling resistance of the original antennas at EAST. This improved ICRF power coupling has enhanced the synergistic heating effect of NBI + ICRF, where the ICRF wave field accelerates beam ions at the harmonics. Experiments demonstrate that NBI + ICRF synergistic not only enhances plasma neutron yield and β P , but also accelerates beam ions to hundreds of keV. Further, the electron density and the neutral beam voltage have been optimized to reduce the fast ion slowing-down time and beam ion losses. Experimental and simulation results indicate that increasing the electron density reduces beam ion losses and enhances the bootstrap current fraction. While higher beam voltage results in a slight decrease in beam power absorption, it can increase the fraction of bootstrap current. With the understanding of these optimization of fast ion confinement, experiments have demonstrated fully non-inductive operation at high density (n e /n G ∼ 0.67, β P ∼ 3.1, β N ∼ 2.1, H 98,y2 ∼ 1.2) even without the support of co-I p beam NBI2. This investigation presents a potential regime to enhance fast ion confinement and extend performance in the high β P plasma for future experiments.

EAST tokamak↗

DOE OSTI2025

Characterization of W production during ICRF operations: experiments and modeling

For successfully heating plasma with waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs), mitigating impurity production is just as crucial as maximizing power coupling, especially in high-Z environments. ICRF can effectively deposit energy on ions, modify turbulence-driven transport, and enhance fusion reaction efficiency, but only when its power coupling has minimal impact on impurity production. To do so, one must rely on a toroidal array of at least three active elements excited with appropriate phasing and power ratio to reduce the currents induced on the antenna frame below levels critical for physical sputtering. In contrast to classic two-strap antennas, which are optimized for dipole phasing with equal power on both straps, three-strap antennas in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG)—but also four-strap antennas in JET, Alcator C-Mod, SPARC and ITER—offer the possibility to act also on the power ratio between the central and outer straps. With optimal settings, impurity production can be reduced substantially, making the ICRF compatible with the high-Z wall. This paper explores the characteristics of the AUG three-strap antennas in terms of impurity production, as well as the key role of plasma composition in this process. Numerical simulations were performed using SSWICH and Petra-M (finite element codes) to quantify impurity production and compare with experimental results. Energies of ions falling on antenna limiters (measured with probes) are well predicted by both codes. These tools are then used to further describe the source of the impurity, namely the gross erosion of tungsten from an ICRF antenna, for different plasma mixtures. Results are also compared to spectroscopy data. Ultimately, we show that deleterious effects of the ICRF on plasma surface interactions will be weaker in plasmas containing larger fractions of highly ionized heavier low-Z impurity, which is typically relevant for experiments relying on impurity seeding.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2026

Digital Grid Twin–Direct Communication Scheme Test Bed for Assessing Relay-to-Relay Radio Antenna and Optical Fiber Performance and Misoperations

This study introduces a novel “Digital Grid Twin–Direct Communication Scheme” test bed. This advanced platform evaluates point-to-point communication between transmitter and receiver relays with optical fiber and radio omnidirectional antenna systems, implemented at the Advanced Protection lab in the Grid Research Innovation and Development Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The increased diversity of energy sources has led to more protective relay misoperations. In North America, microgrid protection schemes now use point-to-point communication along distribution lines between relays to implement advanced logic in nonradial grids that include both high- and low-inertia generators. This trend challenges utilities to minimize misoperations while ensuring rapid fault clearance and accurate selectivity coordination between primary and backup relays. This study assesses relay-to-relay communication schemes by introducing an advanced testing platform based on a digital grid twin protection test bed using a synchronized time source system. The platform evaluates the communication system using radio antennas or optical fiber links by integrating protective relays that operate breakers within the digital twin and record relay events and communication signals. In the experiments, transmitter and receiver relays were configured with inverse time overcurrent and breaker trip detection logic to assess the total time of the communication protection schemes based on the sum of the relay protection element operating time, radio latency, propagation delay, baud rate delay, and relay processing time. These delays were derived from recorded relay events and communication signals from the interface of a real-time simulator set as a digital grid twin. The test bed successfully simulated various electrical faults along a distribution line while ensuring effective and reliable point-to-point communication between transmitter and receiver relays. The radio antenna communication system exhibited latency because of the radio. This latency depends on the baud rate setting and type of radio application; in general, the higher the baud rate, the lower the radio latency. The measured radio latency (for Mirrored Bits with an encryption card at 9,600 bps) was about 9–10 ms. Additionally, calculated propagation delay per mile for radio antennas and optical fiber was 5.36 µs/mi and 8.04 µs/mi, respectively. Optical fiber communication did not demonstrate radio latency. Instead, the protection element operating time depends mainly on the protection logic function set in the relay, and the relay processing time depends on the processing rate of the relay in samples per power system cycle.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2025

Integrated modeling of RF-induced tungsten erosion at ICRH antenna structures in the WEST tokamak *

This paper introduces STRIPE (Simulated Transport of RF Impurity Production and Emission), an advanced modeling framework developed to analyze material erosion and the global transport of eroded impurities originating from radio-frequency (RF) antenna structures in magnetic confinement fusion devices. STRIPE integrates multiple physics modules: SolEdge3x for scrape-off-layer plasma profiles, COMSOL for 3D RF rectified sheath potentials, RustBCA for erosion yields and surface interactions, and global impurity transport for 3D ion energy-angle distributions and impurity transport. The framework is applied to an ion cyclotron RF-heated L-mode discharge (#57877) in the WEST tokamak, where it predicts a thirty-fold increase in gross tungsten erosion at antenna limiters during the transition from ohmic to ICRH operation. Additionally, under ICRH conditions, a tenfold enhancement in erosion is observed when comparing RF sheath effects to purely thermal sheath conditions. High-charge-state oxygen ions ($\mathrm{O}$ 6+ and above) are identified as the dominant contributors to tungsten sputtering. To validate the model, a synthetic diagnostic tool based on inverse photon efficiency (S/XB coefficients) from the ColRadPy collisional-radiative model enables direct comparison with spectroscopic measurements. Model predictions using a plasma composition of 1% oxygen and 99% deuterium show good agreement with observed W − I (400.9 nm) emission for discharge #57877, supporting the accuracy of the STRIPE framework. This study focuses specifically on gross erosion calculations to demonstrate STRIPE’s capabilities. Future extensions of this work will incorporate net erosion, re-deposition, self-sputtering effects, and whole-device modeling of sputtered tungsten impurity transport. STRIPE is also being applied to other RF-heated linear and toroidal devices, offering valuable insights for antenna design, impurity control, and performance optimization in next-generation fusion reactors.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Wireless Patch Antenna Characterization for Live Health Monitoring Using Machine Learning

Temperature monitoring in extreme environments, such as coal-fired power plants, was addressed by designing and testing wireless patch antennas for use in machine learning-aided temperature estimation. The sensors were designed to monitor the temperature and health of boiler systems. Wireless interrogation of the sensor was performed using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and a pair of interrogation antennas to capture resonance behavior under varying thermal and spatial conditions with sensitivities ranging from 0.052 to 0.20 $\frac{𝑀𝐻𝑧}{°C}$. Sensor calibration was conducted using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model, which leveraged temporal patterns to account for hysteresis effects. The calibration method demonstrated improved performance when combined with an LSTM model, achieving up to a 76% improvement in temperature estimation error when compared with Linear Regression (LR). The experiments highlighted an innovative solution for patch antenna-based non-contact temperature measurement, which addresses limitations with conventional methods such as RFID-based systems, infrared, and thermocouples.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Introduction to the JPSS-2 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Government Calibration Data Book (GCDB)

The third Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is an instrument onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), JPSS-2 (renamed NOAA-21 in orbit) mission. This report is to introduce the JPSS-2 Government Calibration Data Book (J2 GCDB) for ATMS, SN 304. This J2 GCDB document contains key information generated during the calibration testing campaign that is driving parameters for radiometric performance. This document also contains supporting data that augments the calibration results. The values in this document are utilized by ATMS’s calibration packet which is, in turn, an integral component in the interpretation of science data. The calibration data in this report was collected from tests such as shelf-level testing, antenna testing, instrument thermal vacuum (TVAC) testing; satellite TVAC testing; and JPSS-2 post-launch tests. JPSS-2 was launched on November 10, 2022. In the subsequent years, the Government will release an ATMS GCDB for each JPSS mission. We expect that all public users can download these ATMS GCDBs from the NOAA operational Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) website, see more discussions below. The goal of this GCDB is to demonstrate how to characterize ATMS measurements using JPSS-2 ATMS on-orbit operational data and to provide relevant explanations. This document serves as a primary public domain reference for calibrating operational ATMS Raw Data Records (RDR) science data, as used in the current operational Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) system. This same RDR science data is distributed through direct broadcast (DB) to DB users for use in their ground processing systems. This J2 GCDB provides the results of the ATMS system radiometric calibration, the antenna flat reflector emissivity [1], the antenna pattern measurements, the antenna pattern corrected brightness temperature [2], the brightness temperature of the lunar disk [3], Lunar Intrusion (LI) correction algorithm [4], receiver spectral parameters, and mechanical alignment on-orbit pointing results, and the striping effect appeared significantly in S-NPP on-orbit radiance data when the data are compared to the Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) simulation in numerical weather prediction (NWP) system [5]. It also provides the parameters required for conversion of telemetry counts to engineering units, for radiometric calibration, and for antenna beam geo-location. Moreover, it provides JPSS-2 ATMS Spectral Response Functions data, some additional information related to ATMS on-orbit performance, on-orbit lunar intrusion correction parameters and Earth contamination bias, and on how to derive ATMS RDR, antenna Temperature Data Records (TDR), and Sensor Data Records (SDR). Furthermore, an introduction of NOAA operational Integrated Calibration and Validation System (ICVS) website and services is added in this J2 GCDB. This ICVS hosts a long-term monitoring system which allows to visualization and comparison of data from JPSS missions, NOAA legacy Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). From NOAA Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS), the public users can download all JPSS ATMS data products for all JPSS missions.

Microwave Sounder↗