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Materials Data on Zn2SnO4 by Materials Project

Zn2SnO4 is Spinel-like structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Imma space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZnO6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent SnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–60°. There are two shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.05 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ZnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent ZnO6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent SnO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.20 Å) Zn–O bond lengths. Sn4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form SnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent ZnO4 tetrahedra, edges with two equivalent SnO6 octahedra, and edges with four equivalent ZnO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.07 Å) and four longer (2.13 Å) Sn–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Zn2+ and one Sn4+ atom to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OZn3Sn trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Zn2+ and two equivalent Sn4+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Zn2SnO4 by Materials Project

Zn2SnO4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Zn2+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form ZnO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SnO4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent ZnO6 octahedra. All Zn–O bond lengths are 2.13 Å. Sn4+ is bonded to four equivalent O2- atoms to form SnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent ZnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 57°. All Sn–O bond lengths are 2.00 Å. O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three equivalent Zn2+ and one Sn4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Area-Scalable Zn 2 SnO 4 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

The development of a scalable chemical bath deposition (CBD) process facilitates the realization of electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). In this work, a method to prepare a uniform and scalable thick Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL by CBD, which yielded high-performance PSMs, is reported. This Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL exhibits excellent electrical properties and enhanced optical transmittance in the visible region. Moreover, the Zn 2 SnO 4 ETL influences the perovskite layer formation, yielding enhanced crystallinity, increased grain size, and a smoother surface, thus facilitating electron extraction and collection from the perovskite to the ETL. Zn 2 SnO 4 thereby yields PSMs with a remarkable photovoltaic performance, low hysteresis index, and high device reproducibility. The champion PSM exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.59%, being among the highest values published so far. In addition, the CBD Zn 2 SnO 4 -based PSMs exhibit high stability, retaining more than 88% of initial efficiency over 1000 h under continuous illumination. This demonstrates that CBD Zn 2 SnO 4 is an appropriate ETL for high-efficiency PSMs and a viable new process for their industrialization.

17 WIND ENERGY↗