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Materials Data on Zn13Sb10 by Materials Project

Zn13Sb10 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twenty-six inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.79 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.85 Å. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Sb+2.60- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.82 Å. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.67–2.88 Å. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.82 Å. In the sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.85 Å. In the seventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.86 Å. In the eighth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.85 Å. In the ninth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.98 Å. In the tenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.78 Å. In the eleventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.78 Å. In the twelfth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.83 Å. In the thirteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.82 Å. In the fourteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.81 Å. In the fifteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.80 Å. In the sixteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.80 Å. In the seventeenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.74–3.06 Å. In the eighteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.82 Å. In the nineteenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.91 Å. In the twentieth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Sb+2.60- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.65–2.95 Å. In the twenty-first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Sb+2.60- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.87 Å. In the twenty-second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Sb+2.60- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.66–2.82 Å. In the twenty-third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.98 Å. In the twenty-fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.83 Å. In the twenty-fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.70–2.83 Å. In the twenty-sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four Sb+2.60- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ZnSb4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Zn–Sb bond distances ranging from 2.69–2.96 Å. There are twenty inequivalent Sb+2.60- sites. In the first Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Zn2+ atoms. In the second Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Zn2+ atoms. In the third Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the fourth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Zn2+ atoms. In the fifth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the sixth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to four Zn2+ and one Sb+2.60- atom. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.89 Å. In the seventh Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Zn2+ atoms. In the eighth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four Zn2+ atoms. In the ninth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Zn2+ and one Sb+2.60- atom. The Sb–Sb bond length is 2.87 Å. In the tenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Zn2+ and one Sb+2.60- atom. In the eleventh Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the twelfth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven Zn2+ atoms. In the thirteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four Zn2+ and one Sb+2.60- atom. In the fourteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Zn2+ atoms. In the fifteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the sixteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four Zn2+ atoms. In the seventeenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the eighteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six Zn2+ atoms. In the nineteenth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded to six Zn2+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing SbZn6 pentagonal pyramids. In the twentieth Sb+2.60- site, Sb+2.60- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Zn2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Disordered Zinc in Zn4Sb3 with Phonon-Glass and Electron-Crystal Thermoelectric Properties

By converting waste heat into electricity, thermoelectric generators could be an important part of the solution to today's energy challenges. The compound Zn4Sb3 is one of the most efficient thermoelectric materials known. Its high efficiency results from an extraordinarily low thermal conductivity in conjunction with the electronic structure of a heavily doped semiconductor. Previous structural studies have been unable to explain this unusual combination of properties. Here, we show through a comprehensive structural analysis using single-crystal X-ray and powder-synchrotron-radiation diffraction methods, that both the electronic and thermal properties of Zn4Sb3 can be understood in terms of unique structural features that have been previously overlooked. The identification of Sb3- ions and Sb-2(4-) dimers reveals that Zn4Sb3 is a valence semiconductor with the ideal stoichiometry Zn13Sb10. In addition, the structure contains significant disorder, with zinc atoms distributed over multiple positions. The discovery of glass-like interstitial sites uncovers a highly effective mechanism for reducing thermal conductivity. Thus Zn4Sb3 is in many ways an ideal 'phonon glass, electron crystal' thermoelectric material.

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