SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “XENON 132”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

13 records

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1989

Optical evidence for the metallization of Xenon at 132(5) GPa

Xe has been compressed in a diamond-anvil cell to approximately 200 GPa. The metallization of Xe by band-gap closure was investigated by obtaining optical data in both the metallic and insulating states. In the metallic state, the pressure dependence of the plasma frequency was determined from absorption data fitted with a free-electron model. In the insulating state, the pressure dependence of the band gap was determined from absorption data fitted with an indirect-band-gap model. The optical data indicate that the insulator-to-metal transition in Xe occurs at 132(5) GPa.

Goettel, Kenneth A.↗

DOE OSTI2011

Matrix diagonalization algorithm and its applicability to the nuclear shell model

An importance-sampling iterative algorithm for diagonalizing shell model Hamiltonian matrices is reviewed and implemented in a spin uncoupled basis. Shell model spaces of dimensions up to N < or approx.10{sup 9} are considered. The analysis shows that about 10% of the basis states are enough to bring the eigenvalues to convergence. This fraction of states, however, is insufficient to lead to convergence of the transition strengths, thereby limiting the applicability of the method to not too large spaces. In its domain of validity, the method yields a large number of eigensolutions and can be usefully adopted for rather complete studies of low-energy spectroscopy. This is done here for {sup 132,134}Xe isotopes. The calculation yields spectra and electromagnetic responses in fairly good agreement with the available experimental data and unveils the properties of the low-energy states of these isotopes, including their proton-neutron symmetry.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2013

Highly concentrated nebular noble gases in porous nanocarbon separates from the Saratov (L4) meteorite

The majority of heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) in primitive meteorites are stored in a poorly understood phase called Q. Although Q is thought to be carbonaceous, the full identity of the phase has remained elusive for almost four decades. In order to better characterize phase Q and, in turn, the early solar nebula, we separated carbon-rich fractions from the Saratov (L4) meteorite. We chose this meteorite because Q is most resistant in thermal alteration among carbonaceous noble gas carriers in meteorites and we hoped that, in this highly metamorphosed meteorite, Q would be present but not diamond: these two phases are very difficult to separate from each other. One of the fractions, AJ, has the highest {sup 132}Xe concentration of 2.1 × 10{sup –6} cm{sup 3} STP g{sup –1}, exceeding any Q-rich fractions that have yet been analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the fraction AJ and a less Q-rich fraction AI indicate that they both are primarily porous carbon that consists of domains with short-range graphene orders, with variable packing in three dimensions, but no long-range graphitic order. The relative abundance of Xe and C atoms (6:10{sup 9}) in the separates indicates that individual noble gas atoms are associated with only a minor component of the porous carbon, possibly one or more specific arrangements of the nanoparticulate graphene.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2011

Study of GSO scintillator for the LHCf upgrade

The GSO scintillator has a very excellent radiation resistance, fast decay time and large amounts of light yield. Because of these features, GSO will be used to upgrade the current LHCf detector. We examined the features of GSO by using heavy ion beam at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) Japan. The linearity of PMT R7400 for the large light yield of GSO with a {sup 132}Xe beam and the radiation hardness with a {sup 12}C beam were measured. As a result, GSO scintillator showed a good linearity up to the signal corresponding to 6 TeV EM-shower maximum in the LHCf detector, and a good radiation hardness up to 7x10{sup 5} Gy. For the LHCf Arm1 detector, small scaled GSO crystals (GSO bars), have been fabricated for the position determination detector. 5 GSO bars have been manufactured and its performance have been evaluated using {sup 12}C beam. Its light yield and position dependency have been evaluated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2012

Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA) following a postulated accident in PHWRS

Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA) following postulated accident i.e Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) with failed Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS), performed as part of the reactor safety analysis of a typical 700 MWe Indian Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor(PHWR). The rationale behind the assessment is that the public needs to be protected in the event that the postulated accident results in radionuclide release outside containment. Radionuclides deliver dose to the human body through various pathways namely, plume submersion, exposure due to ground deposition, inhalation and ingestion. The total exposure dose measured in terms of total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) is the sum of doses to a hypothetical adult human at exclusion zone boundary by all the exposure pathways. The analysis provides the important inputs to decide upon the type of emergency counter measures to be adopted during the postulated accident. The importance of the various pathways in terms of contribution to the total effective dose equivalent(TEDE) is also assessed with respect to time of exposure. Inhalation and plume gamma dose are the major contributors towards TEDE during initial period of accident whereas ingestion and ground shine dose start dominating in TEDE in the extended period of exposure. Moreover, TEDE is initially dominated by I-131, Kr-88, Te-132, I-133 and Sr-89, whereas, as time progresses, Xe-133,I-131 and Te-132 become the main contributors. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

NASA NTRS1978

Noble gases in the Murchison meteorite - Possible relics of s-process nucleosynthesis

The Murchison carbonaceous chondrite contains a new type of xenon component, enriched by up to 50 percent in five of the nine stable xenon isotopes, mass numbers 128 to 132. This component is released at 1200 to 1600 C from a severely etched mineral fraction. Krypton shows a similar but smaller enrichment in the isotopes 80 and 82. Neon and helium released in the same interval also are quite anomalous, being highly enriched in the isotopes 22 and 3. These patterns are strongly suggestive of three nuclear processes believed to take place in red giants: the s process (neutron capture on a slow time scale), helium burning, and hydrogen shell burning. If this interpretation is correct, then primitive meteorites contain yet another kind of alien, presolar material: dust grains ejected from red giants.

Srinivasan, B.↗

DOE OSTI2015

Atmospheric pressure ionisation - mass spectrometry for argon online monitoring in ASTRID

Safety, operability, waste transmutation and mastered investment costs are key issues for the development of generation IV reactors, especially sodium cooled fast reactors. To achieve a development scheduled around 2040, the nuclear energy division of CEA, France, is studying a prototype called ASTRID (Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration) which is in its conceptual design phase. To achieve a high level of maturity, In Service Inspection and Repair is very important, in particular fuel cladding failure detection. If such a failure occurs, fission products Xenon and Krypton are released. Their fast and sensitive detection is a challenge. The use of a commercial API-MS is evaluated in this work. Detection limits below 10 ppt have been measured for Kr 84 and for Xe 132. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗

DOE OSTI2012

Theoretical study of the similarity between nuclei with four valence nucleons in A = 208, 132 and 68 regions

One of the most interesting topics in nuclear structure is the study of nuclei near the limits of particle stability. Much attention is currently being focused on nuclei with few valence nucleons around Z= 28, 50 and 82, in particular the 68Ni, 132Sn and 208Pb neighbors. We are interested of the even-even isobars 72Ni, 72Ge and 72Zn in 68Ni region, 136Sn, 136Xe and 136Te in 132Sn region, 212Pb, 212Rn and 212Po in 208Pb region. The calculation of energies spectra using the effective interactions JUN45M, CW{Delta}5082 and KHP shows a good agreement with the available experimental data for the energie levels and their sequences. We have extended the existed similarity between lead and tin regions to the Nickel region.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Status and results from the decay spectroscopy project EURICA (Euroball-RIKEN cluster array)

β- and isomer-decay spectroscopy are sensitive probes of nuclear structure, and are often the only techniques capable of providing data for exotic nuclei that are produced with very low rates. Decay properties of exotic nuclei are also essential to model astrophysical events responsible for the evolution of the universe such as the rp- and r-processes. The EURICA project (EUROBALL RIKEN Cluster Array) has been launched in 2012 with the goal of performing spectroscopy of very exotic nuclei. Since 2012, five experimental campaigns have been successfully completed using fragmentation of {sup 124}Xe beam and in-flight-fission of {sup 238}U beam. In these proceedings we will introduce the experimental setup and highlight some key recent results around {sup 78}Ni, {sup 132}Sn, and {sup 110}Zn published during 2014 and 2015.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1974

Theoretical investigation of isotopic anomaly of xenon in carbonaceous chondrites and other terrestrial and extra-terrestrial samples

The composition of Xe released from carbonaceous chondrites between 600 and 1000 C, particularly its isotopic trapped forms, is analyzed. Data show trapped Xe to have the following forms: Xe-124, 126, 130, 131, 132, 134, and 136. Attempts were also made to explain the Xe anomaly by mass fractionation as well as determine the relationship between metoritic trapped Xe and solar Xe.

Sabu, D. D.↗

DOE OSTI2016

In situ measurement of atmospheric krypton and xenon on Mars with Mars Science Laboratory

Mars Science Laboratory's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation has measured all of the stable isotopes of the heavy noble gases krypton and xenon in the martian atmosphere, in situ, from the Curiosity Rover at Gale Crater, Mars. Previous knowledge of martian atmospheric krypton and xenon isotope ratios has been based upon a combination of the Viking mission's krypton and xenon detections and measurements of noble gas isotope ratios in martian meteorites. But, the meteorite measurements reveal an impure mixture of atmospheric, mantle, and spallation contributions. The xenon and krypton isotopic measurements reported here include the complete set of stable isotopes, unmeasured by Viking. Our new results generally agree with Mars meteorite measurements but also provide a unique opportunity to identify various non-atmospheric heavy noble gas components in the meteorites. Kr isotopic measurements define a solar-like atmospheric composition, but deviating from the solar wind pattern at 80 Kr and 82 Kr in a manner consistent with contributions originating from neutron capture in Br. The Xe measurements suggest an intriguing possibility that isotopes lighter than 132 Xe have been enriched to varying degrees by spallation and neutron capture products degassed to the atmosphere from the regolith, and a model is constructed to explore this possibility. Such a spallation component, but, is not apparent in atmospheric Xe trapped in the glassy phases of martian meteorites.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Computational Optimization of 133m Xe Production via Neutron Irradiation in a TRIGA Reactor

Here, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty bans all nuclear tests worldwide. As part of treaty compliance, the concentration of radioactive nuclides in the atmosphere is monitored to detect nuclear weapons tests. Radioactive noble gas fission products, specifically radioxenon, can vent into the atmosphere after a nuclear weapons test, even if the test is well contained underground or underwater. Radioxenon thus serves as a signal for nuclear weapons tests. All atmospheric monitoring systems require samples of radioxenon isotopes for detector calibration, quality control, and certification. Here, we present a novel, improved method for creating samples of 133m Xe via neutron irradiation of 132 Xe in the Washington State University TRIGA reactor. 132 Xe neutron absorption results in either 133 Xe or 133m Xe—thermal neutron absorption results in 133m Xe 12% of the time, while fast neutron absorption (above ~1 MeV) results in 133m Xe ~50% of the time. To optimize the production of 133m Xe via neutron absorption in 132 Xe in the thermal TRIGA reactor, spectral tuning using an irradiation chamber is required to maximize the fraction of fast neutrons being absorbed and minimize the number of thermal neutrons interacting with the 132 Xe. We used MCNP to tally 132 Xe absorptions with the isotopic tally function, flux tallies and neutron attenuation to estimate the number of neutrons reaching the 132 Xe through the irradiation chamber, and the adjoint importance function to improve the source strength estimate. Additionally, we performed a heat transfer analysis for safety considerations. It was determined that the use of a 96% enriched 10 B boron carbide chamber, placed next to the fuel elements in reactor position D8, increases the 133m Xe/ 133 Xe activity ratio from a baseline value of 0.3 to 1.0, a 233% increase. Additionally, it was determined that the alpha heating produced in the boron does not become an unmanageable problem in the Washington State University reactor.

37 - INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL C↗

DOE OSTI2019

Structure and Properties of Zn-Implanted Si Near-Surface Layer Modification Depending on Irradiation Fluence of {sup 132}Xe{sup 26+} Ions with Energy of 167 MeV

Single-crystal n-Si(100) wafers are implanted with {sup 64}Zn{sup +} ions with an energy of 50 keV and dose of 5 × 10{sup 16} cm{sup –2}. Then the samples are irradiated with {sup 132}Xe{sup 26+} ions with an energy of 167 MeV in the range of fluences from 1 × 10{sup 12} to 5 × 10{sup 14} cm{sup –2}. The surface and cross section of the samples are visualized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of implanted Zn atoms is studied by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. After irradiation with Xe, surface pores and clusters consisting of a Zn–ZnO mixture are observed at the sample surface. In the amorphized subsurface Si layer, zinc and zinc-oxide phases are detected. After irradiation with Xe with a fluence of 5 × 10{sup 14} cm{sup –2}, no zinc or zinc-oxide clusters are detected in the samples by the methods used in the study.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗