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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

LANDSAT (ERTS) used as a basis for geological volcanological mapping in the central Andes

LANDSAT images of the central Andes (N-Chile, W-Bolivia) were effectively used for volcanological mapping of an area about 160,000 km. The map shown exhibits more and better details than the older small scale geological maps of that area. Even on a scale of 1:1,000,000 details greater than 200 m in size are recognizable. The interpretation of LANDSAT images makes it possible to establish relative age sequences of strato-volcanoes. Finally, the images will also be helpful in prospecting for mineral deposits and geothermal sources.

Kussmaul, S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Volcanological constraints of Archaean tectonics

Volcanological and trace element geochemical data can be integrated to place some constraints upon the size, character and evolutionary history of Archean volcanic plumbing, and hence indirectly, Archean tectonics. The earliest volcanism in any greenhouse belt is almost universally tholeitic basalt. Archean mafic magma chambers were usually the site of low pressure fractionation of olivine, plagioclase and later Cpx + or - an oxide phase during evolution of tholeitic liquids. Several models suggest basalt becoming more contaminated by sial with time. Data in the Uchi Subprovince shows early felsic volcanics to have fractionated REE patterns followed by flat REE pattern rhyolites. This is interpreted as initial felsic liquids produced by melting of a garnetiferous mafic source followed by large scale melting of LIL-rich sial. Rare andesites in the Uchi Subprovince are produced by basalt fractionation, direct mantle melts and mixing of basaltic and tonalitic liquids. Composite dikes in the Abitibi Subprovince have a basaltic edge with a chill margin, a rhyolitic interior with no basalt-rhyolite chill margin and partially melted sialic inclusions. Ignimbrites in the Uchi and Abitibi Subprovinces have mafic pumice toward the top. Integration of these data suggest initial mantle-derived basaltic liquids pond in a sialic crust, fractionate and melt sial. The inirial melts low in heavy REE are melts of mafic material, subsequently melting of adjacent sial produces a chamber with a felsic upper part underlain by mafic magma.

Thurston, P. C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Volcanology

Studies conducted in the period between 1983 and 1986 on the physical aspects of volcanology, including investigations of physical processes involved in magma transport, are reviewed. Eruptions that occurred during this quadrennium are discussed together with the studies of the methods of volcanic hazard assessment and prediction around active volcanoes. Consideration is given to advances made in the understanding of magma systems, including volatile components, as well as to studies on the atmospheric impact of volcanism. Tectonic controls of volcanism and the volcanic aspects of mineralization are also discussed.

Self, Stephen↗
NASA NTRS1991

Report of the panel on volcanology, section 4

Two primary goals are identified as focal to NASA's research efforts in volcanology during the 1990s: to understand the eruption of lavas, gases, and aerosols from volcanoes, the dispersal of these materials on the Earth's surface and through the atmosphere, and the effects of these eruptions on the climate and environment; and to understand the physical processes that lead to the initiation of volcanic activity, that influence the styles of volcanic eruptions, and that dictate the morphology and evolution of volcanic landforms. Strategy and data requirements as well as research efforts are discussed.

Francis, Peter W.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The physical volcanology of Mars

The physical volcanology of Mars is reviewed, with particular attention given to the diversity of volcanic landforms, the implied styles of eruption associated with the construction of these landforms, the inferred internal structure of the volcanoes, and the influence that the eruptions have had on the Martian environment (both local and global in scale). Volcanism in the central highlands appears to have been explosive in character, while most of the constructional activity in the northern plains was effusive. Highlands volcanism appears to be relatively old compared to that in the northern hemisphere. There is evidence for the existence of large magma chambers and very high effusion rate eruptions on Mars. Tectonic deformation associated with volcanic constructs is primarily a consequence of loading and magma transport, while deformation in the volcanic plains reflects stresses associated with Tharsis and major impact basins.

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Current and future use of TOPSAR digital topographic data for volcanological research

In several investigations of volcanoes, high quality digital elevation models (DEM's) are required to study either the geometry of the volcano or to investigate temporal changes in relief due to eruptions. Examples include the analysis of volume changes of a volcanic dome, the prediction of flow paths for pyroclastic flows, and the quantitative investigation of the geometry of valleys carved by volcanic mudflows. Additionally, to provide input data for models of lava flow emplacement, accurate measurements are needed of the thickness of lava flows as a function of distance from the vent and local slope. Visualization of volcano morphology is also aided by the ability to view a DEM from oblique perspectives. Until recently, the generation of these DEM's has required either high resolution stereo air photographs or extensive field surveying using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other field techniques. Through the use of data collected by the NASA/JPL TOPSAR system, it is now possible to remotely measure the topography of volcanoes using airborne radar interferometry. TOPSAR data can be collected day or night under any weather conditions, thereby avoiding the problems associated with the derivation of DEM's from air photographs that may often contain clouds. Here we describe some of our initial work on volcanoes using TOPSAR data for Mt. Hekla (Iceland) and Vesuvius (Italy). We also outline various TOPSAR topographic studies of volcanoes in the Galapagos and Hawaii that will be conducted in the near future, describe how TOPSAR complements the volcanology investigations to be conducted with orbital radars (SIR-C/X-SAR, JERS-1 and ERS-1), and place these studies into the broader context of NASA's Global Change Program.

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Mars Volcanology and Tectonics

Reports from the session, "Mars Volcanology and Tectonics" include:Martian Shield Volcanoes; Estimating the Rheology of Basaltic Lava Flows; A Model for Variable Levee Formation Rates in an Active Lava Flow; Deflections in Lava Flow Directions Relative to Topography in the Tharsis Region: Indicators of Post-Flow Tectonic Motion; Fractal Variation with Changing Line Length: A Potential Problem for Planetary Lava Flow Identification; Burfellshraun:A Terrestrial Analogue to Recent Volcanism on Mars; Lava Domes of the Arcadia Region of Mars; Comparison of Plains Volcanism in the Tempe Terra Region of Mars to the Eastern Snake River Plains, Idaho with Implications for Geochemical Constraints; Vent Geology of Low-Shield Volcanoes from the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: Lessons for Mars and the Moon; Field and Geochemical Study of Table Legs Butte and Quaking Aspen Butte, Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: An Analog to the Morphology of Small Shield Volcanoes on Mars; Variability in Morphology and Thermophysical Properties of Pitted Cones in Acidalia Planitia and Cydonia Mensae; A Volcano Composed of Light-colored Layered Deposits on the Floor of Valles Marineris; Analysis of Alba Patera Flows: A Comparison of Similarities and Differences Geomorphologic Studies of a Very Long Lava Flow in Tharsis, Mars; Radar Backscatter Characteristics of Basaltic Flow Fields: Results for Mauna Ulu, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii;and Preliminary Lava Tube-fed Flow Abundance Mapping on Olympus Mons.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

Glaciological and volcanological studies on the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska

The author has identified the following significant results. It appears feasible to monitor changes of the summit area on Mt. Wrangell. Data from cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 over the Wrangell Mountains indicate that the deposition of new snow from storms and its later melting by volcanic heat can be detected. Snow can be removed from the areas on the summit only through melting by volcanic heat. The results of this process can be observed in the ERTS-1 images. Note that these results are based upon first-look analysis only. It is expected in the future to be able to increase the information extracted from the images by the use of enhancement techniques.

Benson, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Glaciological and volcanological studies in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska

The author has identified the following significant results. A field trip was made to the summit of Mt. Wrangell to verify conclusions reached by study of ERTS-1 imagery and aerial photographs. Twelve points were surveyed on the snow surface of the north crater from two primary control points established in 1961-1965 on the rim. The snow surface has dropped by about 20m in the western half of the crater since 1965. In the eastern half the settling is much greater. The total amount of ice which has melted by volcanic heat appears close to 18 x 10 to the 9th power Kg. The heat flux calculated from this estimate over the 500,000 sq m area of the crater is slightly more than 1000 microcal/sq cm/sec. It is now clear that the increase in rock area observed on ERTS-1 images is due entirely to volcanic heat.

Benson, C. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Volcanism subprogram: Volcanological interpretation of the northern part of the Occidental Cordillera of Bolivia, utilizing ERTS imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. In the present study, 6 ERTS-1 images have been interpreted on a 1:1 million scale (black and white) with the respective field reconnaissance. The area studied is located in the region bordering with Chile and includes the western part of the Bolivian Altiplano, the volcano Cordillera (western cordillera) and the northern part of Chile to the Pacific Coast. The greater part of this region is formed by Pliocene/Pleistocene volcani rock, which is discordant with the Tertiary sediments with intercalations of calcareous tuff. The ERTS-1 imagery permits the tracing of regional boundaries of the great volcanic formations and the alinements of the volcanic bodies along the fault zones. They also permit a clear examination of the volcanic apparatus, including their secondary forms, such as lava flows, parasitic cones, and lava domes. Because of the great scale, it is not possible to identify either the small structures or those of low relief. On the basis of the interpretation of the images, it is possible to give an idea of the relative age of the volcanoes.

Brockmann, C. E.↗