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At least 19 records

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 56

The 1999 publication of Nuclear Data Sheets for A=56 (1999Hu04) has been updated using experimental nuclear structure data and decay data available before November 2009. The information for {sup 56}K, {sup 56}Ca, {sup 56}Sc, {sup 56}Ti, {sup 56}V, {sup 56}Cr, {sup 56}Mn, {sup 56}Fe, {sup 56}Co, {sup 56}Ni, {sup 56}Cu, and {sup 56}Zn from various reaction and decay experiments together with their adopted levels and {gamma} transition properties is summarized and presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Extracting Uranium from Seawater: Promising AI Series Adsorbents

A new series of adsorbents (AI10 through AI17) were successfully developed at ORNL by radiation induced graft polymerization (RIGP) of acrylonitrile (AN) and vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) (at different mole to mole ratios) onto high surface area polyethylene fiber, with high degrees of grafting (DOG) varying from 110 to 300%. The grafted nitrile groups were converted to amidoxime groups by reaction with 5 wt % hydroxylamine at 80 °C for 72 h. The amidoximated adsorbents were then conditioned with 0.44 M KOH at 80 °C followed by screening at ORNL with prescreening brine spiked with 8 ppm uranium. Uranium adsorption capacities in prescreening ranged from 171 to 187 g-U/kg-ads irrespective of percent DOG. The performance of the adsorbents with respect to uranium adsorption in natural seawater was also investigated using flow-throughcolumn testing at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Three hours of KOH conditioning led to higher uranium uptake than 1 h of conditioning. The adsorbent AI11, containing AN and VPA at the mole ratio of 3.52, emerged as the potential candidate for the highest uranium adsorption (3.35 g-U/kg-ads.) after 56 days of exposure in seawater flow-through-columns. The rate of vanadium adsorption over uranium linearly increased throughout the 56 days of exposure. The total mass of vanadium uptake was ~5 times greater than uranium after 56 days.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 54

The 2005 evaluation for A=54 (2006Hu08) has been updated. Detailed experimental nuclear structure data and decay data for all nuclei with mass chain A=54 are presented in this current evaluation. The new data and information are given in following datasets: {sup 54}Ca: {sup 9}Be({sup 76}Ge, X) and Be({sup 55}Sc, p), ({sup 56}Ti, 2p) {sup 54}Sc: {sup 54}Ca β{sup −} decay and {sup 54}Sc IT decay {sup 54}Ti: {sup 54}Sc β{sup −} decay {sup 54}Cr: {sup 54}Mn ε decay, {sup 56}Fe(μ, nupng), and {sup 238}U({sup 64}Ni, Xγ) {sup 54}Mn: {sup 51}V({sup 20}Ne, Xγ), {sup 55}Mn(p, pn), and {sup 56}Fe(μ, nu2ng) {sup 54}Fe: {sup 58}Ni α decay, {sup 9}Be({sup 55}Co, Xγ), {sup 54}Fe(e, e'), {sup 54}Fe(p, p'), and Coulomb Excitation {sup 54}Co: {sup 54}Ni ε decay, {sup 55}Cu εp decay, {sup 28}Si({sup 32}S, αpnγ), {sup 54}Fe(p,n), and {sup 54}Fe({sup 3}He, t) {sup 54}Ni: {sup 54}Ni IT decay, {sup 55}Zn εp decay, {sup 9}Be({sup 55}Ni, Xγ), and {sup 24}Mg({sup 32}S, Xγ) {sup 54}Zn: Ni({sup 58}Ni, X)

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Production of {sup 44}Ti in neutrino-driven aspherical supernova explosions

We examine the synthesis of {sup 44}Ti in a neutrino-driven aspherical supernova (SN), focusing on reaction rates related to {sup 44}Ti and rotation of a progenitor. We have performed 2D hydrodynamic simulations of SN of a 15M{sub ⊙} progenitor, whose angular velocity is manually set to be a cylindrical distribution and have followed explosive nucleosynthesis in the ejecta. We find that the faster rates of {sup 40}Ca(α,γ){sup 44}Ti and the slower rate of {sup 44}Ti(α,p){sup 47}V lead to more massive ejection of {sup 44}Ti and {sup 56}Ni and larger ratios <{sup 44}Ti/{sup 56}Ni>. Faster rotation also results in more massive ejection of {sup 44}Ti and {sup 56}Ni. Ratios <{sup 44}Ti/{sup 56}Ni> are however independent from rotation. Large masses of {sup 44}Ti and large ratios observed in SN 1987A and Cas A (> 1O{sup −4}M{sub ⊙} and 1-2 respectively) are not realized in all the models.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Electron screening effect in (p,n) and (p,γ) reactions

To investigate the electron screening effect we compared γ-ray and neutron yields in different metals and insulators (Mn, V and Cd – metals and MnO, VO{sub 2} and CdO – insulators) for the proton induced nuclear reactions {sup 55}Mn(p,n){sup 55}Fe, {sup 55}Mn(p,γ){sup 56}Fe, {sup 113}Cd(p,n){sup 113}In and {sup 51}V(p,γ){sup 52}Cr. We also looked for shifts in resonance energy for metallic compared to insulator targets.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

SU-E-T-612: Photonuclear Activation of Prosthetic Hips in Radiotherapy

Purpose: To measure the neutron induced activation of a prosthetic hip when exposed to an 18 MV radiotherapy linac beam to assess the potential dose to patients. Methods: A prosthetic hip (Thackray, UK) was placed in a water phantom and irradiated (both in-field and out-of-field) with an 18 MV linac beam. Gamma spectroscopy was used to identify the radioisotopes produced. Following the in-field irradiation where the induced activity is higher, high sensitivity lithium fluoride Thermoluminescence Dosimeters (TLD-100H) (Harshaw, USA) were placed on the surface to measure the dose which would be deposited to nearby tissue resulting from the induced radioactivity. Results: The radioisotopes produced in the hip prosthesis have been identified as {sup 5{sup 2}}V, {sup 5{sup 3}}Fe, and {sup 56}Mn which have half-lives of 3.74, 8.51 and minutes respectively. The 378 and 511 keV characteristic peaks of {sup 5{sup 3}}Fe do not appear in the spectra collected from hips irradiated in the out-of-field region. This isotope is produced by photonuclear interactions within the hip itself. {sup 52}V and {sup 56}Mn appear in spectra collected from hips irradiated either within the photon beam or in the nearby out-of-field region, implying that they are produced by incident neutron radiation produced in components of the linear accelerator.The integrated dose which would be deposited in the tissue immediately surrounding the hip after four hours (1.5 half-lives of the longest lived product) was measured as approximately 100 µGy, following a 10,000 MU irradiation of the prosthesis. A highly accurate measurement of the dose is challenging because of the irregular shape of the prosthesis. Conclusion: The cumulative dose measured at the surface of the hip is 0.0001% of the in-field dose, and is therefore negligible compared with the doses the patient receives as a consequence of their treatment.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗

Attempt to measure magnetic hyperfine fields in metallic thin wires under spin Hall conditions using synchrotron-radiation Mössbauer spectroscopy

Measurement of the magnetic hyperfine fields in metallic thin wires under spin Hall conditions was attempted using the emerging technique, synchrotron-radiation Mössbauer spectroscopy. A Mössbauer probe layer of {sup 57}Fe (0.2 nm), {sup 57}Fe (0.6 nm), or {sup 119}Sn (0.6 nm) was embedded as an electron spin detector near the surfaces of V, Au, Pt, and {sup 56}Fe wires. The magnitudes of the magnetic hyperfine fields at the {sup 57}Fe and {sup 119}Sn nuclear sites that could be enhanced by non-equilibrium conduction-electron spin polarization were measured both without and with the application of an electric current along the wire. Changes in the Mössbauer spectra were not clearly observed, indicating that the magnetic hyperfine field induced by non-equilibrium spin polarization is smaller than the detection limit at least for the measured systems and conditions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Summary of Adsorption Capacity and Adsorption Kinetics of Uranium and Other Elements on Amidoxime-based Adsorbents from Time Series Marine Testing at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been conducting marine testing of uranium adsorbent materials for the Fuel Resources Program, Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) beginning in FY 2012. The marine testing program is being conducted at PNNL’s Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL), located at Sequim Bay, along the coast of Washington. One of the main efforts of the marine testing program is the determination of adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics for uranium and selected other elements (e.g. vanadium, iron, copper, nickel, and zinc) for adsorbent materials provided primarily by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), but also includes other Fuel Resources Program participants. This report summarizes the major marine testing results that have been obtained to date using time series sampling for 42 to 56 days using either flow-through column or recirculating flume exposures. The major results are highlighted in this report, and the full data sets are appended as a series of Excel spreadsheet files. Over the four year period (2012-2016) that marine testing of amidoxime-based polymeric adsorbents was conducted at PNNL’s Marine Science Laboratory, there has been a steady progression of improvement in the 56-day adsorbent capacity from 3.30 g U/kg adsorbent for the ORNL 38H adsorbent to the current best performing adsorbent prepared by a collaboration between the University of Tennessee and ORNL to produce the adsorbent SB12-8, which has an adsorption capacity of 6.56 g U/kg adsorbent. This nearly doubling of the adsorption capacity in four years is a significant advancement in amidoxime-based adsorbent technology and a significant achievement for the Uranium from Seawater program. The achievements are evident when compared to the several decades of work conducted by the Japanese scientists beginning in the 1980’s (Kim et al., 2013). The best adsorbent capacity reported by the Japanese scientists was 3.2 g U/kg adsorbent for a 180 day deployment at temperatures between 15 and 25 °C (Kim et al., 2013) The majority of the capacities the Japanese scientists reported were less than 2 g U/kg adsorbent (Kim et al., 2013). Repeated time series measurements of a common formulation of amidoxime-based adsorbent, the ORNL AF series, by both flow-through column (3.91 ± 0.11 g U/kg adsorbent). and recirculating flume exposures (4.03 ± 0.12 g U/kg adsorbent) produced 56-day adsorption capacities that agreed extremely well. This excellent agreement generates confidence that the testing procedures are accurate and reliable, and, moreover, that the technology to produce the adsorbents is highly reliable and reproducible, lending additional confidence of the robustness and homogeneity of the production technology.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

Materials Data on LaFeTeO6 by Materials Project

LaFeTeO6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form LaO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent FeO6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent TeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–56°. There are four shorter (2.45 Å) and two longer (2.50 Å) La–O bond lengths. Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent TeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–56°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.10 Å. Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LaO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–53°. There are a spread of Te–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–1.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one La3+, one Fe3+, and one Te6+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one La3+, one Fe3+, and one Te6+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one La3+, one Fe3+, and one Te6+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on LiCdCoF6 by Materials Project

LiCoCdF6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-31c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent CoF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. All Li–F bond lengths are 2.03 Å. Co3+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form CoF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CdF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 47°. All Co–F bond lengths are 1.87 Å. Cd2+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form CdF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent CoF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 47–56°. All Cd–F bond lengths are 2.28 Å. F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Co3+, and one Cd2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SrLiNiF6 by Materials Project

LiSrNiF6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-31c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SrF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. All Li–F bond lengths are 2.06 Å. Sr2+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form SrF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–56°. All Sr–F bond lengths are 2.45 Å. Ni3+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form NiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SrF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. All Ni–F bond lengths are 1.92 Å. F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Sr2+, and one Ni3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on SrLiGaF6 by Materials Project

LiSrGaF6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P-31c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SrF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent GaF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. All Li–F bond lengths are 2.05 Å. Sr2+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form SrF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra and corners with six equivalent GaF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 49–56°. All Sr–F bond lengths are 2.46 Å. Ga3+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form GaF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent SrF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 49°. All Ga–F bond lengths are 1.92 Å. F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Sr2+, and one Ga3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on LiVF4 by Materials Project

LiVF4 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent VF6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one VF6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–56°. There are a spread of Li–F bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.11 Å. V3+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form VF6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent VF6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 42–56°. There are a spread of V–F bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.06 Å. There are two inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+ and two equivalent V3+ atoms. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and one V3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on LiTiNiF6 by Materials Project

LiTiNiF6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P321 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent NiF6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent TiF6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–56°. There are a spread of Li–F bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.15 Å. Ti4+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form TiF6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiF6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one NiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–51°. There are a spread of Ti–F bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. There are two inequivalent Ni1+ sites. In the first Ni1+ site, Ni1+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form NiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent LiF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent TiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 56°. All Ni–F bond lengths are 2.02 Å. In the second Ni1+ site, Ni1+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form NiF6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent TiF6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–51°. There are three shorter (2.01 Å) and three longer (2.04 Å) Ni–F bond lengths. There are three inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one Ni1+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one Ni1+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Ti4+, and one Ni1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sc(ReO3)2 by Materials Project

ScRe2O6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent ScO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent ReO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent ReO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–56°. There are four shorter (2.12 Å) and two longer (2.18 Å) Sc–O bond lengths. Re+4.50+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ReO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent ScO6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent ReO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one ScO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one ReO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 36–54°. There are a spread of Re–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Sc3+ and one Re+4.50+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Re+4.50+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Sc3+ and two equivalent Re+4.50+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on VWO4 by Materials Project

VWO4 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. V5+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form VO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent WO6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one WO6 octahedra, and edges with two equivalent VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–56°. There are a spread of V–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.06 Å. W3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form WO6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent WO6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent VO6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one VO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–56°. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.09 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one V5+ and two equivalent W3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent V5+ and one W3+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one V5+ and two equivalent W3+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent V5+ and one W3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Li2CrF6 by Materials Project

Li2CrF6 is beta Vanadium nitride-derived structured and crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnnm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Li1+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form LiF6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent LiF6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent CrF6 octahedra, an edgeedge with one LiF6 octahedra, and an edgeedge with one CrF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–56°. There are two shorter (2.04 Å) and four longer (2.08 Å) Li–F bond lengths. Cr4+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form CrF6 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent LiF6 octahedra and edges with two equivalent LiF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 44–46°. There is two shorter (1.85 Å) and four longer (1.87 Å) Cr–F bond length. There are two inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and one Cr4+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Li1+ and one Cr4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Nuclear-level densities in the {sup 49}V and {sup 57}Co nuclei on the basis of evaporated-neutron spectra in (p, n) and (d, n) reactions

The spectra of neutrons from the reactions {sup 49}Ti(p, n){sup 49}V and {sup 57}Fe (p, n){sup 57}Co were measured in the range of proton energies between 8 and 11 MeV along with their counterparts from the reactions {sup 48}Ti(d, n){sup 49}V and {sup 56}Fe (d, n){sup 57}Co at the deuteron energies of 2.7 and 3.8 MeV. These measurements were conducted with the aid of a time-of-flight fast-neutron spectrometer on the basis of the EGP-15 pulsed tandem accelerator of the Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE, Obninsk). An analysis of measured data was performed within the statistical equilibrium and preequilibrium models of nuclear reactions. The respective calculations based on the Hauser–Feshbach formalism of statistical theory were carried out with nuclear-level densities given by the generalized superfluid model of the nucleus, the backshifted Fermi-gas model, and the Gilbert–Cameron composite formula. The nuclear-level densities of {sup 49}V and {sup 57}Co and their energy dependences were determined. The results were discussed together with available experimental data and data recommended by model systematics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗