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DOE OSTI2024

The Advantages of Combining Morphological and Molecular Methods to Characterise Zooplankton Communities: A Case Study of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of the Berlengas Archipelago, Portugal

Understanding the ecological dynamics of zooplankton communities is crucial to precisely assessing the health of marine ecosystems and their management. Metabarcoding has contributed to a better understanding of biodiversity in marine environments. However, this methodology still requires protocol optimisation. Here, we used a complementary approach combining molecular and morphological identification methods to identify the zooplankton community inhabiting the Berlengas Archipelago, Portugal. The presence of non-indigenous species was also assessed. The results showed that the metabarcoding approach outperformed the classical morphological identification method, detecting more species with higher resolution. Nevertheless, the classical method was able to identify species that were not detected by the molecular approaches, probably due to a lack of reference data in the databases. The comparison between different molecular approaches showed that COI and bulk DNA gave better results than 18S rRNA and eDNA by detecting higher species diversity. However, complementarities were observed between them. Molecular tools also proved effective in identifying several potential non-indigenous species, identifying, for the first time, several potentially unreported NIS inhabiting the Portuguese marine ecosystems. Overall, our results confirmed the importance of combining both classical and molecular methods to obtain a more refined assessment of the zooplanktonic communities in marine environments.

Simões, Marco (ORCID:0000000179957304)↗

DOE OSTI2019

2019 UNESCO International Year of Periodic Table

Periodic Law : periodic dependence of element’s properties on atomic mass Presented March 1 st , 1869 Initially : only 63 elements Predicted and discovered : Ga (1875), Sc (1879), Ge (1885) < >

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2010

Nuclear astrophysics

The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) was declared by the 62nd General Assembly of the United Nations and was also endorsed by UNESCO. Investigations in the realms of particle and nuclear physicsmake a large contribution in the development of our ideas of the properties of the Universe. The present article discusses some problems of the evolution of the Universe, nucleosyntheses, and cosmochronology from the point of view of nuclear and particle physics. Processes occurring in the Universe are compared with the mechanisms of the production and decay of nuclei, as well as with the mechanisms of their interaction at high energies. Examples that demonstrate the potential of nuclearphysics methods for studying cosmic objects and the properties of the Universe are given. The results that come from investigations into nuclear reactions induced by beams of radioactive nuclei and which make it possible to take a fresh look at the nucleosynthesis scenario in the range at light nuclei are presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Imaging the inside of thick structures using cosmic rays

The authors present here a new method to image reinforcement elements inside thick structures and the results of a demonstration measurement performed on a mock-up wall built at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The method, referred to as “multiple scattering muon radiography”, relies on the use of cosmic-ray muons as probes. The work described in this article was performed to prove the viability of the technique as a means to image the interior of the dome of Florence Cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore, one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites and among the highest profile buildings in existence. Its result shows the effectiveness of the technique as a tool to radiograph thick structures and image denser object inside them.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

DOE OSTI2020

Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907): The Periodic Table and Beyond

The periodic law of chemical elements is one of the most significant achievements in science. It was discovered by Dmitrii Mendeleev in 1869, and 2019, the year of its 150th anniversary, was proclaimed the “International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT2019)” by the United Nations General Assembly and UNESCO. In this article we briefly outline the Mendeleev’s path to the discovery and present a broader perspective of his views and research, including less known accomplishments such as theory and investigations of solutions, studies of gases, and the discovery of supercritical fluids. We also find very instructive some “delusions of genius”, his path to fame and consider several myth, broadly circulating in media and widely accepted by public.

Shiltsev, Vladimir↗

DOE OSTI2019

Turning on Light at the Advanced Light Source

Angelic Lucero, Accelerator and Floor Operator at the ALS, will talk about the process involved in “turning on the light” that drives experiments at the ALS. The Advanced Light Source is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The International Day of Light is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Using Light for Research at the Advanced Light Source

Ziheng Yao, ALS Doctoral Fellow in Residence and a Ph.D. student at Stony Brook University, will share how he uses infrared light at the ALS to study a range of samples, including battery and biological materials, meteors, and more. The Advanced Light Source is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The International Day of Light is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2019

Using X-ray Light to Study Solar Materials at the Advanced Light Source

Shambhavi Pratap, ALS Doctoral Fellow in Residence and a Doctoral Researcher at the Technical University of Munich, will discuss how she studies thin-film solar energy materials using X-rays at the ALS. The Advanced Light Source is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The International Day of Light is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2026

Integrating science for water security governance

Hydrological extremes are intensifying globally, increasing the complexity of decisions required to ensure water security. Advances in hydrological science, modeling, and data systems have expanded the technical frontier of water research, yet uptake of scientific insights in policy and management decisions remains limited. This persistent science–policy gap is not primarily a failure of knowledge generation or robustness, but an institutional challenge shaped by how scientific and governance systems are organized, coordinated, and connected to support the effective use of scientific knowledge. These challenges are particularly pronounced in multi-level and transboundary water governance, where decisions span jurisdictions and require coordination across institutional and political boundaries. We synthesize research at the science–policy interface and evidence from water security initiatives to show how institutional arrangements, scientific tool development, and research practices enable or constrain the sustained use of scientific knowledge in water-security governance processes. Building on these insights, we develop ‘shared decision infrastructure’ as a framing to describe how scientific knowledge is embedded within the institutional, relational, and procedural arrangements that connect science to decision-making processes over time. We translate this framing into a practical intervention roadmap centered on institutional design, tool translation, sustained co-production, and outcome-oriented evaluation to support the integration of science into ongoing governance processes. By positioning science as shared decision infrastructure, the roadmap clarifies how researchers can design scientific efforts that support more coordinated, accountable, and adaptive water security decisions amid deepening uncertainty.

M whitney, Kristen [NASA Goddard Space Flight Cent↗

DOE OSTI2025

Advancing ocean monitoring and knowledge for societal benefit: the urgency to expand Argo to OneArgo by 2030

The ocean plays an essential role in regulating Earth’s climate, influencing weather conditions, providing sustenance for large populations, moderating anthropogenic climate change, encompassing massive biodiversity, and sustaining the global economy. Human activities are changing the oceans, stressing ocean health, threatening the critical services the ocean provides to society, with significant consequences for human well-being and safety, and economic prosperity. Effective and sustainable monitoring of the physical, biogeochemical state and ecosystem structure of the ocean, to enable climate adaptation, carbon management and sustainable marine resource management is urgently needed. The Argo program, a cornerstone of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), has revolutionized ocean observation by providing real-time, freely accessible global temperature and salinity data of the upper 2,000m of the ocean (Core Argo) using cost-effective simple robotics. For the past 25 years, Argo data have underpinned many ocean, climate and weather forecasting services, playing a fundamental role in safeguarding goods and lives. Argo data have enabled clearer assessments of ocean warming, sea level change and underlying driving processes, as well as scientific breakthroughs while supporting public awareness and education. Building on Argo’s success, OneArgo aims to greatly expand Argo’s capabilities by 2030, expanding to full-ocean depth, collecting biogeochemical parameters, and observing the rapidly changing polar regions. Providing a synergistic subsurface and global extension to several key space-based Earth Observation missions and GOOS components, OneArgo will enable biogeochemical and ecosystem forecasting and new long-term climate predictions for which the deep ocean is a key component. Driving forward a revolution in our understanding of marine ecosystems and the poorly-measured polar and deep oceans, OneArgo will be instrumental to assess sea level change, ocean carbon fluxes, acidification and deoxygenation. Emerging OneArgo applications include new views of ocean mixing, ocean bathymetry and sediment transport, and ecosystem resilience assessment. Implementing OneArgo requires about $100 million annually, a significant increase compared to present Argo funding. OneArgo is a strategic and cost-effective investment which will provide decision-makers, in both government and industry, with the critical knowledge needed to navigate the present and future environmental challenges, and safeguard both the ocean and human wellbeing for generations to come.

ARGO↗