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Materials Data on TbTh by Materials Project

ThTb crystallizes in the trigonal R-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Th sites. In the first Th site, Th is bonded to six equivalent Th and six Tb atoms to form ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Th–Th bond lengths are 3.55 Å. All Th–Tb bond lengths are 3.56 Å. In the second Th site, Th is bonded to ten equivalent Th and six Tb atoms to form ThTb6Th10 cuboctahedra that share corners with ten TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with eight TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with sixteen equivalent ThTb6Th10 cuboctahedra, and faces with eighteen TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Th–Th bond distances ranging from 3.55–7.11 Å. All Th–Tb bond lengths are 3.56 Å. There are three inequivalent Tb sites. In the first Tb site, Tb is bonded to six equivalent Th and six equivalent Tb atoms to form TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Tb–Tb bond lengths are 3.55 Å. In the second Tb site, Tb is bonded to six Th and six equivalent Tb atoms to form TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ThTb6Th10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Tb–Th bond lengths are 3.56 Å. All Tb–Tb bond lengths are 3.55 Å. In the third Tb site, Tb is bonded to six Th and six equivalent Tb atoms to form TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra that share corners with five equivalent ThTb6Th10 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with ten ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent TbTb6Th6 cuboctahedra, and faces with fifteen ThTb6Th6 cuboctahedra. All Tb–Tb bond lengths are 3.55 Å.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Vitamin E provides protection for bone in mature hindlimb unloaded male rats

The deleterious effects of skeletal unloading on bone mass and strength may, in part, result from increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals and proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), a free-radical scavenger with antiinflammatory properties, to protect against bone loss caused by skeletal unloading in mature male Sprague-Dawley rats. A 2 x 3 factorial design was used with either hindlimb unloading (HU) or normal loading (ambulatory; AMB), and low-dose (LD; 15 IU/kg diet), adequate-dose (AD; 75 IU/kg diet), or high-dose (HD; 500 IU/kg diet) vitamin E (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate). To optimize the effects of vitamin E on bone, dietary treatments were initiated 9 weeks prior to unloading and continued during the 4-week unloading period, at which time animals were euthanized and blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum vitamin E was dose-dependently increased, confirming the vitamin E status of animals. The HD treatment improved oxidation parameters, as indicated by elevated serum ferric-reducing ability and a trend toward reducing tissue lipid peroxidation. Histomorphometric analysis of the distal femur revealed significant reductions in trabecular thickness (TbTh), double-labeled surface (dLS/BS), and rate of bone formation to bone volume (BFR/BV) due by HU. AMB animals on the HD diet and HU animals on the LD diet had reduced bone surface normalized to tissue volume (BS/TV) and trabecular number (TbN); however, the HD vitamin E protected against these changes in the HU animals. Our findings suggest that vitamin E supplementation provides modest bone protective effects during skeletal unloading.

NASA Discipline Musculoskeletal↗