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Materials Data on TbCu(BO2)5 by Materials Project

TbCu(BO2)5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Ibam space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tb3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.27 Å) and four longer (2.53 Å) Tb–O bond lengths. Cu2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are four shorter (1.99 Å) and two longer (2.48 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent B3+ sites. In the first B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All B–O bond lengths are 1.48 Å. In the second B3+ site, B3+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.35 Å) and two longer (1.40 Å) B–O bond length. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, one Cu2+, and one B3+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and two B3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu2+ and two equivalent B3+ atoms.

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Materials Data on TbCu by Materials Project

TbCu is Tetraauricupride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Tb is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Cu atoms. All Tb–Cu bond lengths are 3.01 Å. Cu is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Tb atoms.

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Materials Data on TbCu(WO4)2 by Materials Project

TbCu(WO4)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Tb3+ sites. In the first Tb3+ site, Tb3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Tb–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.84 Å. In the second Tb3+ site, Tb3+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Tb–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.61 Å. In the third Tb3+ site, Tb3+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Tb–O bond distances ranging from 2.28–2.72 Å. There are six inequivalent W6+ sites. In the first W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WO6 octahedra. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.20 Å. In the second W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WO6 octahedra. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.21 Å. In the third W6+ site, W6+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.30 Å. In the fourth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WO6 octahedra. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–2.21 Å. In the fifth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.81–2.28 Å. In the sixth W6+ site, W6+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of W–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.26 Å. There are four inequivalent Cu1+ sites. In the first Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both Cu–O bond lengths are 1.85 Å. In the second Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (1.87 Å) and two longer (2.46 Å) Cu–O bond lengths. In the third Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.85–2.58 Å. In the fourth Cu1+ site, Cu1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.75 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Tb3+ and two equivalent W6+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and two W6+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and two equivalent W6+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and two W6+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and two W6+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two W6+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, one W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, one W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, two W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two W6+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two W6+ and one Cu1+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, one W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Tb3+ and two W6+ atoms. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, two W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, one W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Tb3+, two W6+, and one Cu1+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to one Tb3+ and one W6+ atom.

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Materials Data on TbCu(MoO4)2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

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Materials Data on TbCu(WO4)2 by Materials Project

Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Structural evolution and magnetic hardness of (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 alloy particles via reduction-diffusion

The quest for achieving high coercivity in Sm(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 alloys, despite their inherent strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy, has posed significant challenges. Recently, (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 monocrystalline particles have exhibited coercivity μ 0 H c > 1.2 T, showcasing promising prospects and significant potential for both manufacturing and research endeavors. This study delves into the structural evolution of (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 (1:12) alloy particles made via the calciothermic reduction-diffusion synthesis process as influenced by the molar ratios of Ca atoms to O 2- ions (Ca/O), annealing time and annealing temperature. Critical insight that informs conditions to optimize the magnetic response is gained via systematic experimentation and advanced electron microscopy. Complex structural features, including core-shell morphologies and intricate multiphase compositions within individual particles, are unveiled. An optimal Ca/O ratio of 1.30 produces particles with a coercivity up to μ 0 H c = 1.63 T, while higher Ca/O ratios induce the formation of a Sm-rich TbCu 7 -type (1: 7 ) phase, which only partially transforms into the desired 1:12 phase during annealing. Persistent remnants of the 1:7 phase locally impact atomic structure, particle morphology, and coercivity. Furthermore, these findings underscore the complex interplay between synthesis parameters, resulting structures, and magnetic properties, informing the design and optimization of high-performance permanent magnets comprised of the (1:12) compound.

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Isotropic nanocrystalline Sm(Fe,Co) 11.3 Ti 0.7 magnets modified with B and Zr

Rare-earth-lean Sm(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 alloys with the ThMn 12 crystal structure and less than one Ti atom per formula unit have the potential of exceptionally powerful permanent magnets, but all prior attempts to develop high coercivity in bulk alloys, especially coercivity combined with crystallographic texture, have fallen short of the expectations. This study was aimed at improvement of the currently best Sm(Fe,Co,Ti) 12 magnets prepared through melt-spinning which are inherently isotropic. Modifications of the alloys with B and Zr, already demonstrated in earlier studies to be effective separately, have been implemented simultaneously. Here, a systematic study of Sm 1.1-x (Fe,Co) 11.3-y Ti 0.7 B y alloys melt-spun at a tangential speed of 50 m/s and annealed at 600–950 °C allowed for monitoring the continuous evolution of the two consecutive crystal structures, those of the TbCu 7 and ThMn 12 types. Zirconium was found to facilitate the formation of the 1:12 structure at the expense of the 1:7, whereas boron has the opposite effect, at certain concentrations completely suppressing the 1:12. When the two alloying elements are introduced simultaneously, they inhibit growth of the 1:12 crystallites at annealing temperatures higher than 800 °C, thus allowing for the development of a higher coercivity. Because of instrumental limitations, bulk magnets were prepared through a two-step process – compaction of the melt-spun ribbons at 650 °C and additional treatment at a higher temperature – and they were characterized by a reduced, 90–93%, density. Nevertheless, an isotropic Sm 0.9 Zr 0.2 (Fe,Co) 10.8 Ti 0.7 B 0.5 magnet exhibited fair values of the remanence (7.4 kG), maximum energy product (8.5 MGOe) and coercivity (5.4 kOe), as well as high Curie temperature of 525 °C and remarkably small temperature coefficient of the coercivity, -0.25%/°C.

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Microstructure and Hard Magnetic Properties of Sm 1-x Zr x (Fe,Co) 11.3-y Ti 0.7 By Ingots and Thick Melt-Spun Ribbons

Permanent magnets made from Sm(Fe,Co) 12 -based compounds are being actively pursued through nanostructuring and powder metallurgy. This study was aimed at the development of hard magnetic properties in bulk as-cast alloys and in melt-spun alloys for very low wheel speeds. Slower solidification rates and alloying with Zr promote the tetragonal ThMn 12 -type crystal structure, whereas higher solidification rates and alloying with B replace the ThMn 12 structure type with the TbCu 7 structure type. When introduced simultaneously, Zr and B dramatically reduce the alloy solidification rates required for both the refinement of the 1:12 crystallites and their replacement with the 1:7 phase. In bulk arc-melted alloys, this allowed for a microstructure of separated 1:12 crystallites 1–3 μm in size, although, because of the ferromagnetic nature of a minority phase, the coercivity of these fine-grained alloys reached only 0.73 kOe. A moderately accelerated solidification further refined the 1:12 crystallites and increased the coercivity; a Sm 0.7 Zr 0.4 (Fe,Co) 10.8 Ti 0.7 B 0.5 alloy exhibited a coercivity of 1.5 kOe and a maximum energy product of 3.4 MGOe when it was melt-spun into a 0.26-mm-thick ribbon. A more rapid solidification suppressed the 1:12 phase and after annealing at 800–850 °C, the alloys modified with Zr and B developed reasonably high coercivity and maximum energy product even when melt-spun at a wheel speed of 6 m/s. For the above-mentioned alloy, these values were 4.1 kOe and 7.8 MGOe, respectively. Further, a similarly processed very-Sm-lean Sm 0.5 Zr 0.6 (Fe,Co) 10.6 Ti 0.7 B 0.7 alloy exhibited a remanence of 8.8 kG and an energy product of 7.4 MGOe.

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