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Results for “TITANIUM 59”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=59☆

-- Abstract: Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for {sup 59}Sc, {sup 59}Ti, {sup 59}V, {sup 59}Cr, {sup 59}Mn, {sup 59}Fe, {sup 59}Co, {sup 59}Ni, {sup 59}Cu, {sup 59}Zn, {sup 59}Ga, and {sup 59}Ge. This evaluation for A=59 supersedes the earlier one by C. M. Baglin (2002Ba42) and updates for some nuclides in the ENSDF database. Highlights: of this evaluation are the following: In {sup 59}Fe, a new level at 568.45 keV (3/2{sup −}) has been added. This resolves a doublet at 570 keV, which was reflected in earlier evaluations (1983An22, 1993Ba85, 2002Ba42) and literature as well. Conflicting spin assignments for 2153.62 keV level of {sup 59}Co [9/2,13/2 in (α,pγ); (13/2) in ({sup 15}N,4nγ); 15/2 in (p,p′γ), (7/2{sup −}) in (n,n′γ)] exist in the literature and additional experimental work is needed to resolve the issue.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2007

Detailed Studies of Pixelated CZT Detectors Grown with the Modified Horizontal Bridgman Method

The detector material Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) achieves excellent spatial resolution and good energy resolution over a broad energy range, several keV up to some MeV. Presently, there are two main methods to grow CZT crystals, the Modified High-Pressure Bridgman (MHB) and the High-Pressure Bridgman (HPB) process. The study presented in this paper is based on MHB CZT substrates from the company Orbotech Medical Solutions Ltd. [Orbotech Medical Solutions Ltd., 10 Plaut St., Park Rabin, P.O. Box 2489, Rehovot, Israel, 76124]. Former studies have shown that high-work-function materials on the cathode side reduce the leakage current and, therefore, improve the energy resolution at lower energies. None of the studies have emphasized on the anode contact material. Therefore, we present in this paper the result of a detailed study in which for the first time the cathode material was kept constant and the anode material was varied. We used four different anode materials: Indium, Titanium, Chromium and Gold, metals with work-functions between 4.1 eV and 5.1 eV. The detector size was 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.5 cu cm with 8 x 8 pixels and a pitch of 2.46 mm. The best performance was achieved with the low-work-function materials Indium and Titanium with energy resolutions of 2.0 keV (at 59 keV) and 1.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Titanium and 2.1 keV (at 59 keV) and 2.9 keV (at 122 keV) for Indium. Taking into account the large pixel pitch of 2.46 mm, these resolutions are very competitive in comparison to those achieved with detectors made of material produced with the more expensive conventional HPB method. We present a detailed comparison of our detector response with 3D simulations. The latter comparisons allow us to determine the mobility-lifetime-products (mu tau-products) for electrons and holes. Finally, we evaluated the temperature dependency of the detector performance and ls-products. For many applications temperature dependence is important, therefore, we extended the scope of our study to temperatures as low as -30 C. There are two important results. The breakdown voltage increases with decreasing temperature, and electron mobility-lifetime-product decreases by about 30% over a range from 20 C to -30 C. The latter effect causes the energy resolution to deteriorate, but the concomitantly increasing breakdown voltage makes it possible to increase the applied bias voltage and restore the full performance

Jung, I.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Statistical properties of excited nuclei in the mass range 47 Less-Than-Or-Slanted-Equal-To A Less-Than-Or-Slanted-Equal-To 59

Level densities and their energy dependences for nuclei in the mass range of 47 {<=} A {<=} 59 were determined from the results obtained by measuring neutron-evaporation spectra in respective (p, n) reactions. The spectra of neutrons originating from the (p, n) reactions on {sup 47}Ti, {sup 48}Ti, {sup 49}Ti, {sup 53}Cr, {sup 54}Cr, {sup 57}Fe, and {sup 59}Co nuclei were measured in the proton-energy range of 7-11 MeV. These measurements were performed with the aid of a fast-neutron spectrometer by the time-of-flight method over the base of the EGP-15 pulsed tandem accelerator installed at the Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (Obninsk, Russia). A high resolution of the spectrometer and its stability in the time of flight made it possible to identify reliably discrete low-lying levels along with the continuum part of neutron spectra. Our measured data were analyzed within the statistical equilibrium and preequilibrium models of nuclear reactions. The respective calculations were performed with the aid of the Hauser-Feshbach formalismof statistical theory supplemented with the generalized model of a superfluid nucleus, the back-shifted Fermi gas model, and the Gilbert-Cameron composite formula for nuclear level densities. Nuclear level densities for {sup 47}V, {sup 48}V, {sup 49}V, {sup 53}Mn, {sup 54}Mn, {sup 57}Co, and {sup 59}Ni and their energy dependences were determined. The results are discussed and compared with available experimental data and with recommendations of model-based systematics.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Synchrotron-Based Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectrometer-Coupled Microreactor To Probe Thermocatalysis

Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization (VUV-PI) mass spectrometry offers an isomer-selective and universal ionization with minimal fragmentation detection of organics in complex chemical systems such as pyrolysis and combustion. Here, in this study, we report a state-of-the-art experimental setup of a universal catalytic microreactor combined with a molecular beam to investigate the thermocatalytic oxidation of a heterogeneous system relevant for probing reactions at gas–solid interfaces. In strong contrast to traditional off-line analytical methods, this technique is capable of identifying and quantifying short-lived species (radicals) as well as stable products to decipher initial reaction steps via the detection of nascent products. The thermocatalytic oxidative degradation of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10), a high energy-density hydrocarbon fuel, over solid titanium–aluminum–boron reactive mixed metal nanopowder (Ti-Al-B RMNP) is exploited to showcase potential applications. Overall, some 59 nascent gas-phase products are identified via photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves, including oxygenated species and hydrocarbons comprising closed-shell molecules and radicals. The critical temperature for complete oxidative decomposition of JP-10 was lowered by 450 K from 1400 K to 950 K, indicating an efficient thermocatalytic action of Ti-Al-B nanoparticles on JP-10. The enabling of a universal chemical microreactor along with VUV-PI mass spectrometry broadens the applicability of this technique to hydrocarbon fuel oxidation and pyrolysis characterization. This isomer-selective sensitive probing along with the detection of radical transients makes the aforementioned technique superior to other conventional analytical techniques such as microflow tube and pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for investigating similar pyrolysis reactions and comprehensive quantification.

Paul, Dababrata [Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolul↗
DOE OSTI2022

High throughput embryonic zebrafish test with automated dechorionation to evaluate nanomaterial toxicity

Engineered nanomaterials pose occupational health and environmental concerns as they possess unique physical and chemical properties that can contribute to toxicity. High throughput toxicity screening methods are needed to address the increasing number of nanomaterials in production. Here we used a zebrafish photomotor response (PMR) test to evaluate a set of fifteen nanomaterials with military relevance. Automated dechorionation of zebrafish embryos was used to enhance nanomaterials bioavailability. Optimal PMR activity in zebrafish embryos was found at 30–31 hours post-fertilization (hpf). Behavioral and toxicological responses were measured at 30 and 120 hpf; behavioral responses were found for thirteen of the fifteen nanomaterials and acute toxicity (LC50) levels for nine of the fifteen nanomaterials below the maximum test concentration of 500 μg/ml. Physico-chemical characterization of the nanomaterials detected endotoxin and bacterial contamination in two of the tested samples, which may have contributed to observed toxicity and reinforces the need for physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials use in toxicity testing. The zebrafish PMR test, together with automated dechorionation, provides an initial rapid assessment of the behavioral effects and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials that can be followed up by physico-chemical characterization if toxicity is detected, reducing the amount of time and monetary constraints of physico-chemical testing.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Synergistically Enhancing the Therapeutic Effect of Radiation Therapy with Radiation Activatable and Reactive Oxygen Species-Releasing Nanostructures

Nanoparticle-based radio-sensitizers can amplify the effects of radiation therapy on tumor tissue even at relatively low concentrations while reducing the potential side effects to healthy surrounding tissues. In this study, we investigated a hybrid anisotropic nanostructure, composed of gold (Au) and titanium dioxide TiO 2 , as a radio-sensitizer for radiation therapy of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In contrast to other gold-based radio sensitizers, dumbbell-like Au-TiO 2 nanoparticles (DATs) show a synergistic therapeutic effect on radiation therapy, mainly because of strong asymmetric electric coupling between the high atomic number metals and dielectric oxides at their interfaces. The generation of secondary electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from DATs triggered by X-ray irradiation can significantly enhance the radiation effect. After endocytosed by cancer cells, DATs can generate a large amount of ROS under X-ray irradiation, eventually inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Significant tumor growth suppression and overall improvement in survival rate in a TNBC tumor model have been successfully demonstrated under DATs uptake for a radio-sensitized radiation therapy.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Fabrication of CdSe nanoparticles sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays via pulse electrodeposition for photoelectrochemical application

Highlights: • Anodization method approach for the synthesis of TiO{sub 2} nanotubes. • CdSe nanoparticle/TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays were assembled via pulse electrochemical deposition technique. • Duty cycles were applied in order to enhance the properties of CdSe/TiO{sub 2} nanostructure. • PEC analysis verified that CdSe/TiO{sub 2} structure prepared at 50% duty cycle gave best photocurrent response. • Photoconversion efficiency of CdSe/TiO{sub 2} nanostructure was approximately 59 times greater than TiO{sub 2} nanotubes. - Abstract: Solar energy is an alternative sustainable energy resource that can be harvested using photoelectrochemical cell comprised of inorganic sensitized nanostructured oxide semiconductor electrode. In this work, pulse electrodeposition was used to deposit CdSe onto titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TiO{sub 2} NTAs). TiO{sub 2} NTAs are commonly used in the nanostructured photoelectrochemical cells due to their high surface area, fewer interfacial grain boundaries and excellent charge transfer between interfaces. Duty cycle of pulse electrodeposition played an important role in the formation of CdSe nanoparticles. A significant enhancement in the photoelectrochemical performance was observed for the heterostructure of CdSe/TiO{sub 2} NTAs. CdSe/TiO{sub 2} NTAs prepared at 50% duty cycle exhibited maximum photocurrent of 1.94 mA cm{sup −2} and photoconversion efficiency of 1.18% which was 59 times higher than bare TiO{sub 2} NTAs. These results demonstrated that significant enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency could be obtained by incorporating CdSe as sensitizer into the TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays via pulse electrodeposition technique.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Development of joining technology using local heating for SiC fuel cladding

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an attractive material for an accident-tolerant fuel in light water reactors because of its lower hydrogen-generation rate and lower heat of reaction than conventional Zircaloy. On the other hand, practical application of SiC fuel cladding faces a lot of critical issues, one of which is end-plug joining. The objective of this study is to clarify the feasibility of end-plug joining by silicon brazing using local heating by evaluating the shear strength of joint specimens and producing a circumferential joint experimentally. Silicon is thought to be a compatible joining material with SiC because as well as being a constituent of SiC, its thermal-expansion coefficient is close to that of SiC. Local heating using processes such as laser irradiation and a resistance-heating element needs to be applied for end-plug joining. Brazing is expected to seal a cladding with an end plug by using brief heating without a strong compression force. Shear strength was evaluated using specimens with silicon-brazing joints processed using laser irradiation. The joint sections without defects showed shear strengths higher than or equal to 59 MPa at temperatures from normal room temperature to 1473 K. The average shear strength of the joint (99 MPa) is comparable to that of a diffusion-bonding joint using titanium or molybdenum foil. A tube and a plug were circumferentially joined with silicon brazing using laser irradiation or a graphite heating element. A defocused laser beam was effective for joining without cracking during laser irradiation. Although local heating using a resistance-heating element can more easily control the temperature of the joint, it took longer processing time than that using laser irradiation due to limited temperature-increase rate in order to avoid thermal shock damage. (authors)

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Dispersion stabilization of silver nanoparticles in synthetic lung fluid studied under in situ conditions

The dispersion stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in synthetic lung fluid was studied to interrogate the effects on colloidal stability due to the principal constituents of the fluid. The colloidal stability of 20 nm citrate-AgNPs dispersed in the presence of each constituent of the synthetic lung fluid (individually, the complete fluid, and without additives) was observed during titration of increasing sodium chloride concentration. A variety of complementary in situ measurement techniques were utilized, including dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering, which provided a collective set of information that enabled far better understanding of the dispersion behavior in the fluid than any one technique alone. It was observed that AgNPs continued to adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein from the synthetic lung fluid solution as the sodium chloride concentration increased, until a maximum BSA coating was achieved prior to reaching the physiological sodium chloride concentration of 154 mmol L{sup -1}. BSA was determined to be the constituent of the synthetic lung fluid that is required to provide colloidal stability at high salt loadings, though the phospholipid constituent exerts a subtle effect. Additionally, as AgNPs are a distinctly different class of nanoparticles apart from the carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanoparticles initially reported to be dispersible using this fluid, this work also demonstrates the broad applicability of synthetic lung fluid in providing stable dispersions for engineered nanoparticles for use in biological assays.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Novel Materials for cell Studies and harvesting

Controlling cell growth on different surfaces is crucial for many applications. For instance after surgery, unspecific adhesion on exogenous materials can lead to fouling that may result in infections. On the other hand, fast attachment of tissue cells is pivotal for the healing process. Hence, specific regulation of cell adhesion to substrates is a significant task especially in the biomedical field. It has long been known that surface conditions like topology/roughness, wettability, charge, etc. are major factors in cell adhesion on various synthetic materials including Polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium or silicone. However, the literature is sparse on studies of cell growth on medical relevant substrates. We investigated the growth of different cells types on polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers with and without lipid bilayers deposited and could observe confluence and multiplication of cells on both substrate types. Our neutron reflectometry studies of lipid bilayers deposited on polyelectrolyte multilayer demonstrates that the size of the water gap between the lipid bilayer and the PE covered substrate can be influenced by the environmental conditions, e.g. the pH of the surrounding medium. In principal, this 'floating' of a lipid bilayer can also be applied for growing monolayer of cells and detaching them by an environmental change. Such a fabrication would simplify cell growing and harvesting for various medical application, e.g. tissue engineering. Our approach for the fabrication of cellular monolayers that are easy to detach and transfer, creating free-floating sheets of cells also enables us to study those structures more conveniently and under in-situ conditions using neutron scattering.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

High hardness in the biocompatible intermetallic compound β-Ti 3 Au

The search for new hard materials is often challenging, but strongly motivated by the vast application potential such materials hold. The compound, Ti 3 Au, exhibits high hardness values (about four times those of pure Ti and most steel alloys), reduced coefficient of friction and wear rates, and biocompatibility, all of which are optimal traits for orthopedic, dental, and prosthetic applications. In addition, the ability of this compound to adhere to ceramic parts can reduce both the weight and the cost of medical components. The fourfold increase in the hardness of Ti 3 Au compared to other Ti–Au alloys and compounds can be attributed to the elevated valence electron density, the reduced bond length, and the pseudogap formation. Understanding the origin of hardness in this intermetallic compound provides an avenue toward designing superior biocompatible, hard materials.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes coated with atomic layer deposition-grown titanium dioxide for biomedical applications: An in vitro evaluation

The surface topographies of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) membranes have been shown to modulate cell response in orthopedic and skin wound repair applications. In this study, we: (1) demonstrate an improved atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for coating the porous structures of 20, 100, and 200 nm pore diameter AAO with nanometer-thick layers of TiO 2 and (2) evaluate the effects of uncoated AAO and TiO 2 -coated AAO on cellular responses. The TiO 2 coatings were deposited on the AAO membranes without compromising the openings of the nanoscale pores. The 20 nm TiO 2 -coated membranes showed the highest amount of initial protein adsorption via the micro bicinchoninic acid (micro-BOA) assay; all of the TiO 2 -coated membranes showed slightly higher protein adsorption than the uncoated control materials. Cell viability, proliferation, and inflammatory responses on the TiO 2 -coated AAO membranes showed no adverse outcomes. For all of the tested surfaces, normal increases in proliferation (DNA content) of L929 fibroblasts were observed over from 4 hours to 72 hours. No increases in TNF-alpha production were seen in RAW 264.7 macrophages grown on TiO 2 -coated AAO membranes compared to uncoated AAO membranes and tissue culture polystyrene (TOPS) surfaces. Both uncoated AAO membranes and TiO 2 -coated AAO membranes showed no significant effects on cell growth and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the results suggest that TiO 2 -coated AAO may serve as a reasonable prototype material for the development of nanostructured wound repair devices and orthopedic implants.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Evolutionary selection of enzymatically synthesized semiconductors from biomimetic mineralization vesicles

The way nature evolves and sculpts materials using proteins inspires new approaches to materials engineering but is still not completely understood. Here, we present a cell-free synthetic biological platform to advance studies of biologically synthesized solid-state materials. This platform is capable of simultaneously exerting many of the hierarchical levels of control found in natural biomineralization, including genetic, chemical, spatial, structural, and morphological control, while supporting the evolutionary selection of new mineralizing proteins and the corresponding genetically encoded materials that they produce. DNA-directed protein expression and enzymatic mineralization occur on polystyrene microbeads in water-in-oil emulsions, yielding synthetic surrogates of biomineralizing cells that are then screened by flow sorting, with light-scattering signals used to sort the resulting mineralized composites differentially. We demonstrate the utility of this platform by evolutionarily selecting newly identified silicateins, biomineralizing enzymes previously identified from the silica skeleton of a marine sponge, for enzyme variants capable of synthesizing silicon dioxide (silica) or titanium dioxide (titania) composites. Mineral composites of intermediate strength are preferentially selected to remain intact for identification during cell sorting, and then to collapse postsorting to expose the encoding genes for enzymatic DNA amplification. Some of the newly selected silicatein variants catalyze the formation of crystalline silicates, whereas the parent silicateins lack this ability. The demonstrated bioengineered route to previously undescribed materials introduces in vitro enzyme selection as a viable strategy for mimicking genetic evolution of materials as it occurs in nature.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2012

Lead speciation in indoor dust: a case study to assess old paint contribution in a Canadian urban house

Residents in older homes may experience increased lead (Pb) exposures due to release of lead from interior paints manufactured in past decades, especially pre-1960s. The objective of the study was to determine the speciation of Pb in settled dust from an urban home built during WWII. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and micro-X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed on samples of paint (380-2,920 mg Pb kg{sup -1}) and dust (200-1,000 mg Pb kg{sup -1}) collected prior to renovation. All dust samples exhibited a Pb XANES signature similar to that of Pb found in paint. Bulk XANES and micro-XRD identified Pb species commonly found as white paint pigments (Pb oxide, Pb sulfate, and Pb carbonate) as well as rutile, a titanium-based pigment, in the <150 {micro}m house dust samples. In the dust fraction <36 {micro}m, half of the Pb was associated with the Fe-oxyhydroxides, suggesting additional contribution of outdoor sources to Pb in the finer dust. These results confirm that old paints still contribute to Pb in the settled dust for this 65-year-old home. The Pb speciation also provided a clearer understanding of the Pb bioaccessibility: Pb carbonate > Pb oxide > Pb sulfate. This study underscores the importance of taking precautions to minimize exposures to Pb in house dust, especially in homes where old paint is exposed due to renovations or deterioration of painted surfaces.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Linker-Free Deposition and Adhesion of Photosystem I onto Nanostructured TiO 2 for Biohybrid Photoelectrochemical Cells

Photosystem I (PSI) from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is a promising sensitizer for nano-biohybrid solar cells as it has a combined light-harvesting and reaction center in one protein complex and operates at a quantum yield close to one in biological systems. Using a linker-free deposition method enabled by an electrospray system, PSI was coupled to 1-D nanostructured titanium dioxide thin films to fabricate an electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell. After deposition, the surfactant in the PSI aggregate was dissolved in the surfactant-free electrolyte, ensuring that partly hydrophobic PSI was not resuspended and stayed in contact with titanium dioxide. A maximum current density of 4.15 mA cm –2 was measured after 10 min of electrospray deposition, and this is the highest current density reported so far for PSI-based photoelectrochemical cells. The high current is attributed to 1D nanostructure of titanium dioxide and orientation of the PSI onto the surface, which allows easy transfer of electrons.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

In Vitro Phototoxicity and Hazard Identification of Nano-scale Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO{sub 2}) catalyze reactions under UV radiation and are hypothesized to cause phototoxicity. A human-derived line of retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) was treated with six samples of nano-TiO{sub 2} and exposed to UVA radiation. The TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were independently characterized to have mean primary particle sizes and crystal structures of 22 nm anatase/rutile, 25 nm anatase, 31 nm anatase/rutile, 59 nm anatase/rutile, 142 nm anatase, and 214 nm rutile. Particles were suspended in cell culture media, sonicated, and assessed for stability and aggregation by dynamic light scattering. Cells were treated with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, or 100 μg/ml nano-TiO{sub 2} in media for 24 hrs and then exposed to UVA (2 hrs, 7.53 J/cm{sup 2}) or kept in the dark. Viability was assessed 24 hrs after the end of UVA exposure by microscopy with a live/dead assay (calcein-AM/propidium iodide). Exposure to higher concentrations of nano-TiO{sub 2} with UVA lowered cell viability. The 25 nm anatase and 31 nm anatase/rutile were the most phototoxic (LC{sub 50} with UVA < 5 μg/ml), while the 142 nm anatase and 214 nm rutile were the least phototoxic. An acellular assay ranked TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles for their UVA photocatalytic reactivities. The particles were found to be capable of generating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) under UVA. Flow cytometry showed that nano-TiO{sub 2} combined with UVA decreased cell viability and increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, measured by Mitosox). LC{sub 50} values under UVA were correlated with TBARS reactivity, particle size, and surface area. -- Highlights: ► Nano-TiO{sub 2} enters cells within 24 hours ► Nano-TiO{sub 2} causes dose-dependent cytotoxicity greatly enhanced by UVA radiation ► Treatment with nano-TiO{sub 2} and UVA produces reactive oxygen species ► Phototoxicity is correlated with particle size, surface area, and TBARS reactivity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Detection of acetone via nanostructure sensors

A method of detecting at least one of analyte in an environment (such as in breath) includes providing a structure including nanostructures in contact with titanium dioxide, applying electromagnetic radiation to the structure for a period of time, measuring at least one response and using the measured response to determine the presence of the analyte in the environment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗