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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 19 records
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Spin wave interference detection via inverse spin Hall effect

Here, in this Letter, we present experimental data that demonstrate a spin wave interference detection using an inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Two coherent spin waves are excited in a yttrium-iron garnet waveguide by continuous microwave signals. The initial phase difference between the spin waves is controlled by the external phase shifter. The ISHE voltage is detected at a distance of 2 and 4 mm away from the spin wave generating antennas by an attached Pt layer. Experimental data show ISHE voltage oscillation as a function of the phase difference between the two interfering spin waves. This experiment demonstrates an intriguing possibility of using ISHE in a spin wave logic circuit converting a spin wave phase into an electric signal.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Low damping (111) oriented lithium aluminum ferrite thin films for spin wave applications

Spin wave-based spintronics are an alternative to conventional electronics due to their potential for efficient energy consumption, improved processing speed, and smaller device dimensions. Low damping magnetic insulators provide the medium for efficient propagation of spin waves for information transfer. Here, we have synthesized by pulsed laser deposition epitaxial spinel structure ferrite thin films of Li 0.5 (Al 1.0 Fe 1.5 )O 4 (LAFO) on (111)-oriented MgAl 2 O 4 that support isotropic magnon propagation in the film plane. Our ferromagnetic resonance measurements show low magnetic damping with a typical Gilbert damping parameter of α = 0.006 and weak-spin–orbit coupling with g = 2.02. These films have low effective magnetization, μ o M eff = 20 mT, similar to that of yttrium iron garnet, the gold standard of low loss magnetic insulators. Our findings show that LAFO is a good candidate as a spin wave medium since it can be grown at low temperatures in different crystal orientations.

Takana, Lerato [Stanford Univ., CA (United States)↗
DOE OSTI2022

Ferrimagnetic spin waves in honeycomb and triangular layers of Mn{sub 3}Si{sub 2}Te{sub 6}.

A detailed analysis of the ferrimagnetic ground state of Mn 3 Si 2 Te 6 has been performed using inelastic neutron scattering. Although the proposed valence of the nominal Mn 2+ ions would have quenched orbital angular momentum, a significant exchange anisotropy exists in Mn 3 Si 2 Te 6 . This apparent exchange anisotropy is a manifestation of a weak spin-orbit coupling in the layered material. We employ a detailed simulation of the spin-wave spectrum coupling traditional refinement of dispersion parameters to image analysis techniques, while including Monte Carlo simulations of the instrumental resolution to accurately identify the exchange couplings to the third nearest neighbor. An independent validation of our results is made by comparing our final Hamiltonian to heat capacity measurements.

Sala, G.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Writable spin wave nanochannels in an artificial-spin-ice-mediated ferromagnetic thin film

We report magnonics, which employs spin-waves to transmit and process information, is a promising venue for low-power data processing. One of the major challenges is the local control of the spin-wave propagation path. Here, we introduce the concept of writable magnonics by taking advantage of the highly flexible reconfigurability and rewritability of artificial spin ice systems. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that globally switchable spin-wave propagation and locally writable spin-wave nanochannels can be realized in a ferromagnetic thin film underlying an artificial pinwheel spin ice. The rewritable magnonics enabled by reconfigurable spin wave nanochannels provides a unique setting to design programmable magnonic circuits and logic devices for ultra-low power applications.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Coherent spin wave excitation with radio-frequency spin–orbit torque

Spin waves, collective perturbations of magnetic moments, are both fundamental probes for magnetic physics and promising candidates for energy-efficient signal processing and computation. Traditionally, coherent propagating spin waves have been generated by radio frequency (RF) inductive Oersted fields from current-carrying electrodes. An alternative mechanism, spin–orbit torque (SOT), offers more localized excitation through interfacial spin accumulation but has been mostly limited to DC to kHz frequencies. SOT driven by RF currents, with potentially enhanced pumping efficiency and unique spin dynamics, remains largely unexplored, especially in magnetic insulators. Here, we conduct a comprehensive theoretical and computational investigation into the generation of coherent spin waves via RF-SOT in the prototypical yttrium iron garnet. We characterize the excitation of forward volume, backward volume, and surface modes in both linear and nonlinear regimes, employing single and interdigitated electrode configurations. We reveal and explain several unique and surprising features of RF-SOT compared to inductive excitation, including higher efficiency, distinct mode selectivity, and directional symmetry, a ~ $3π/4$ phase offset, reduced anharmonic distortion in the nonlinear regime, and the absence of second harmonic generation. These insights position RF-SOT as a promising new mechanism for future magnonic and spintronic applications.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spin waves in doped graphene: A time-dependent spin density functional approach to collective excitations in paramagnetic two-dimensional Dirac fermion gases

In spin-polarized itinerant electron systems, collective spin-wave modes arise from dynamical exchange and correlation (xc) effects. We consider here spin waves in doped paramagnetic graphene with adjustable Zeeman-type band splitting. The spin waves are described using time-dependent spin density functional response theory, treating dynamical xc effects within the Slater and Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sjölander approximations. We obtain spin-wave dispersions and spin stiffnesses as a function of doping and spin polarization, and we discuss the prospects for their experimental observation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

Tailoring Spin-Wave Channels in a Reconfigurable Artificial Spin Ice

Artificial spin ices are ensembles of geometrically arranged interacting nanomagnets that have shown promising potential for the realization of reconfigurable magnonic crystals. Such systems allow for the manipulation of spin waves on the nanoscale and their potential use as information carriers. However, there are presently two general obstacles to the realization of artificial spin-ice-based magnonic crystals: the magnetic state of artificial spin ices is difficult to reconfigure and the magnetostatic interactions between the nanoislands are often weak, preventing mode coupling. We demonstrate, using micromagnetic modeling, that coupling a reconfigurable artificial spin-ice geometry made of weakly interacting nanomagnets to a soft magnetic underlayer creates a complex system exhibiting dynamically coupled modes. These give rise to spin-wave channels in the underlayer at well-defined frequencies, based on the artificial spin-ice magnetic state, which can be reconfigured. Finally, these findings open the door to the realization of reconfigurable magnonic crystals with potential applications for data transport and processing in magnonic-based logic architectures.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reconfigurable training and reservoir computing in an artificial spin-vortex ice via spin-wave fingerprinting

Strongly interacting artificial spin systems are moving beyond mimicking naturally occurring materials to emerge as versatile functional platforms, from reconfigurable magnonics to neuromorphic computing. Typically, artificial spin systems comprise nanomagnets with a single magnetization texture: collinear macrospins or chiral vortices. Here, by tuning nanoarray dimensions we have achieved macrospin–vortex bistability and demonstrated a four-state metamaterial spin system, the ‘artificial spin-vortex ice’ (ASVI). ASVI can host Ising-like macrospins with strong ice-like vertex interactions and weakly coupled vortices with low stray dipolar field. Vortices and macrospins exhibit starkly differing spin-wave spectra with analogue mode amplitude control and mode frequency shifts of Δf = 3.8 GHz. The enhanced bitextural microstate space gives rise to emergent physical memory phenomena, with ratchet-like vortex injection and history-dependent non-linear fading memory when driven through global magnetic field cycles. We employed spin-wave microstate fingerprinting for rapid, scalable readout of vortex and macrospin populations, and leveraged this for spin-wave reservoir computation. ASVI performs non-linear mapping transformations of diverse input and target signals in addition to chaotic time-series forecasting.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Dynamic coupling and spin-wave dispersions in a magnetic hybrid system made of an artificial spin-ice structure and an extended NiFe underlayer

We present a combined experimental and numerical study of the spin-wave dispersion in a NiFe artificial spin-ice (ASI) system consisting of an array of stadium-shaped nanoislands deposited on the top of a continuous NiFe film with non-magnetic spacer layers of varying thickness. The spin-wave dispersion, measured by wavevector resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy in the Damon–Eshbach configuration, consists of a rich number of modes, with either stationary or propagating character. We find that the lowest frequency mode displays a bandwidth of ~0.5 GHz, which is independent of the presence of the film underneath. On the contrary, the Brillouin light scattering intensity of some of the detected modes strongly depends on the presence of the extended thin-film underlayer. Micromagnetic simulations unveil the details of the dynamic coupling between the ASI lattice and film underlayer. Interestingly, the ASI lattice facilitates dynamics of the film either specific wavelengths or intensity modulation peculiar to the modes of the ASI elements imprinted in the film. Our results demonstrate that propagating spin waves can be modulated at the nanometer length scale by harnessing the dynamic mode coupling in the vertical, i.e., the out-of-plane direction of suitably designed magnonic structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Signatures of a liquid-crystal transition in spin-wave excitations of skyrmions

Abstract Understanding the spin-wave excitations of chiral magnetic order, such as the skyrmion crystal (SkX), is of fundamental interest to confirm such exotic magnetic order. The SkX is realized by competing Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and ferromagnetic-exchange interactions with a magnetic field or anisotropy. Here, we compute the dynamical spin structure factor, using Monte Carlo and spin dynamics simulations, extracting the spin-wave spectrum in the SkX, in the vicinity of the paramagnet to SkX transition. Inside the SkX, we find six spin-wave modes, which are supplemented by another mode originating from the ferromagnetic background. Above the critical temperature T s for the skyrmion crystallization, we find a diffusive regime, reminiscent of the liquid-to-crystal transition, revealing that topological spin texture of skyrmionic character starts to develop above T s as the precursor of the SkX. We discuss the opportunities for the detection of the spin waves of the SkX using inelastic-neutron-scattering experiments in manganite-iridate heterostructures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Brillouin light scattering study of the spin-wave magnetic field dependence in a magnetic hybrid system made of an artificial spin-ice structure and a film underlayer

We present a combined Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and micromagnetic simulation investigation of the magnetic-field-dependent spin-wave spectra in a hybrid structure made of permalloy (NiFe) artificial spin-ice (ASI) systems, composed of stadium-shaped nanoislands, deposited on the top of an unpatterned permalloy film with a nonmagnetic spacer layer. The thermal spin-wave spectra were recorded by BLS as a function of the magnetic field applied along the symmetry direction of the ASI sample. Magneto-optic Kerr effect magnetometry was used to measure the hysteresis loops in the same orientation as the BLS measurements. Here, the frequency and the intensity of several spin-wave modes detected by BLS were measured as a function of the applied magnetic field. Micromagnetic simulations enabled us to identify the modes in terms of their frequency and spatial symmetry and to extract information about the existence and strength of the dynamic coupling, relevant only to a few modes of a given hybrid system. Using this approach, we suggest a way to understand if the dynamic coupling between ASI and film modes is present or not, with interesting implications for the development of future three-dimensional magnonic applications and devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

Correlated spin-wave generation and domain-wall oscillation in a topologically textured magnetic film

Spin waves, or magnons, are essential for next-generation energy-efficient spintronics and magnonics. Yet, visualizing spin-wave dynamics at nanoscale and microwave frequencies remains a formidable challenge due to the lack of spin-sensitive, time-resolved microscopy. Here, in this study, we report a breakthrough in imaging dipole-exchange spin waves in a ferromagnetic film owing to the development of laser-free ultrafast Lorentz electron microscopy, which is equipped with a microwave-mediated electron pulser for high spatiotemporal resolution. Using topological spin textures, we captured the emission, propagation, reflection and interference of spin waves from spin anti-vortices under radio-frequency excitations. Remarkably, we show that spin-wave generation is closely tied to the oscillatory motion of specific magnetic domain walls, providing the missing link between wave emission and wall dynamics near magnetic singularities. This work opens new possibilities in magnonics, offering a nanoscopic view of spin dynamics via transmission electron microscopy and enabling controlled excitation via radio-frequency fields for exploring non-equilibrium states in magnetic and multiferroic systems.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2020

A spin-wave magnetometer with a positive feedback

In this work, we demonstrate experimentally the operation of a spin-wave magnetometer integrated into a circuit with a positive feedback. The circuit consists of the passive magnetic and active electric parts. The magnetic part includes a sensing element, which is a magnetic cross junction made of Y 3 Fe 2 (FeO 4 ) 3 . The electric part includes a non-linear amplifier and a phase shifter. The electric and magnetic parts are connected via micrometer size antennae. Spin waves are excited by two of these antennae while the output inductive voltage produced by the interfering spin waves is detected by the third antenna. Spin waves propagating in the orthogonal arms of the cross can accumulate significantly different phase shifts, depending on the direction and the strength of the external magnetic field. The output inductive voltage reaches its maximum in the case of constructive spin wave interference. The positive feedback provides further signal amplification. It appears possible to enhance the response function, compared to the passive circuits without a feedback, by a factor of ×100 without an increase in the noise level. The experimental data show a prominent response to the external magnetic field variation, exceeding 5 x 10 3 V/T. The intrinsic noise spectral density of the device can be as low as 10 -16 V 2 /Hz. The estimated sensitivity of the prototype device is 2 x 10 -12 T/√Hz at room temperature. We argue that spin-wave magnetometers can potentially be as sensitive as SQUIDs while operating at room temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spin waves excitation at micron-sized, anisotropy modified regions in amorphous Fe 80 B 20 stripes: Local properties and inter-regions coupling

We report on the measurement of the local magnetization dynamics occurring, at units of GHz, in large aspect ratio stripes lithographed from reduced damping amorphous Fe 80 B 20 films. The stripes were submitted to local anisotropy modifications by micrometric beam synchrotron X-ray irradiation. Our results include data on the dispersion relationships and group velocities corresponding to spin waves excited at both the non-irradiated and the irradiated regions. Whereas in the former case we observed standing spin waves with transverse-to-the stripe axis wave vector, in the latter one, for which the wave vector of the spin waves was parallel-to-the stripe axis, propagating spin waves were excited. In both regions, we measured the effective propagation distance of the spin waves, which resulted to be independent of the wave vector orientation. In the spin waves excited at the irradiated region, we also measured the decay time and effective damping coefficient, which was in good agreement with previously reported values obtained from FMR measurements in amorphous Fe 80 B 20 continuous films. We show that the interaction of the non-irradiated and irradiated zones results, at the stripe transverse saturation remanence and under an exciting field frequency of 4 GHz, in the introduction of a π phase shift between the standing spin waves excited at both sides of the irradiated region. This result opens the possibility of using the local, transverse to the stripe axis, magnetic anisotropy easy axis induced by the X-ray irradiation as a crucial constituent of a zero-applied field spin wave phase-shifter.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Spin waves and high-frequency response in layered superconductors with helical magnetic structure

Here, we evaluate the spin-wave spectrum and dynamic susceptibility in a layered superconductor with helical interlayer magnetic structure. We especially focus on the structure in which the moments rotate 90 degrees from layer to layer realized in the iron pnictide RbEuFe 4 As 4 . While in nonmagnetic superconductors low-frequency magnetic field decays on the distance of the order of the London penetration depth, spin waves mediate its propagation to much larger distances limited by external dissipation mechanisms. The spin-wave spectrum in superconductors is strongly renormalized due to the long-range electromagnetic interactions between the oscillating magnetic moments. This leads to strong enhancement of the frequency of the mode coupled with uniform field and this enhancement exists only within a narrow range of the c-axis wave vectors of the order of the inverse London penetration depth. The key feature of materials like RbEuFe 4 As 4 is that this uniform mode corresponds to the maximum frequency of the spin-wave spectrum with respect to the c-axis wave vector. As a consequence, the high-frequency surface resistance acquires a very distinct asymmetric feature spreading between the bare and renormalized frequencies. Finally, we also consider excitation of spin waves with the Josephson effect in a tunneling contact between helical-magnetic and conventional superconductors and study the interplay between the spin-wave features and geometrical cavity resonances in the current-voltage characteristics.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗