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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SnF3 by Materials Project

SnF3 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two SnF3 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. there are two inequivalent Sn3+ sites. In the first Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form corner-sharing SnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 5°. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.12 Å. In the second Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four F1- atoms. There are a spread of Sn–F bond distances ranging from 2.09–2.46 Å. There are six inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sn3+ atom. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sn3+ atom. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent Sn3+ atoms. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Sn3+ atoms. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Sn3+ atoms. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two Sn3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SnF3 by Materials Project

SnF3 is High-temperature superconductor-like structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sn3+ sites. In the first Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form corner-sharing SnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Sn–F bond lengths are 2.01 Å. In the second Sn3+ site, Sn3+ is bonded to six equivalent F1- atoms to form corner-sharing SnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0°. All Sn–F bond lengths are 2.39 Å. F1- is bonded in a linear geometry to two Sn3+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Glucose assimilation rate determines the partition of flux at pyruvate between lactic acid and ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a lactic acid dehydrogenase can metab- olize pyruvate into lactic acid. However, three pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) isozymes drive most carbon flux toward ethanol rather than lactic acid. Deletion of endoge- nous PDCs will eliminate ethanol production, but the resulting strain suffers from C 2 auxotrophy and struggles to complete a fermentation. Engineered yeast assimilating xylose or cellobiose produce lactic acid rather than ethanol as a major product with- out the deletion of any PDC genes. We report here that sugar flux, but not sensing, contributes to the partition of flux at the pyruvate branch point in S. cerevisiae express- ing the Rhizopus oryzae lactic acid dehydrogenase (LdhA). While the membrane glucose sensors Snf3 and Rgt2 did not play any direct role in the option of predominant product, the sugar assimilation rate was strongly correlated to the partition of flux at pyruvate: fast sugar assimilation favors ethanol production while slow sugar assimilation favors lactic acid. Applying this knowledge, we created an engineered yeast capable of simultaneously converting glucose and xylose into lactic acid, increasing lactic acid production to approximately 17 g L –1 from the 12 g L –1 observed during sequential consumption of sugars. This work elucidates the carbon source-dependent effects on product selection in engineered yeast.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Data for Glucose Assimilation Rate Determines the Partition of Flux at Pyruvate Between Lactic Acid and Ethanol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a lactic acid dehydrogenase can metabolize pyruvate into lactic acid. However, three pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) isozymes drive most carbon flux toward ethanol rather than lactic acid. Deletion of endogenous PDCs will eliminate ethanol production, but the resulting strain suffers from C2 auxotrophy and struggles to complete a fermentation. Engineered yeast assimilating xylose or cellobiose produce lactic acid rather than ethanol as a major product without the deletion of any PDC genes. We report here that sugar flux, but not sensing, contributes to the partition of flux at the pyruvate branch point in S. cerevisiae expressing the Rhizopus oryzae lactic acid dehydrogenase (LdhA). While the membrane glucose sensors Snf3 and Rgt2 did not play any direct role in the option of predominant product, the sugar assimilation rate was strongly correlated to the partition of flux at pyruvate: fast sugar assimilation favors ethanol production while slow sugar assimilation favors lactic acid. Applying this knowledge, we created an engineered yeast capable of simultaneously converting glucose and xylose into lactic acid, increasing lactic acid production to approximately 17 g L−1 from the 12 g L−1 observed during sequential consumption of sugars. This work elucidates the carbon source-dependent effects on product selection in engineered yeast.

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