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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sn(ClO)2 by Materials Project

SnCl2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen peroxide molecules and two SnCl2 clusters. In each SnCl2 cluster, Sn is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Cl atoms. There are a spread of Sn–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.55–2.73 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Sn atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sn atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sn(ClO)2 by Materials Project

SnCl2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen peroxide molecules and one SnCl2 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the SnCl2 sheet, Sn is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl atoms. There are a spread of Sn–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.62–2.97 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Sn atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to two equivalent Sn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sn(ClO)2 by Materials Project

SnCl2O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of four hydrogen peroxide molecules and one SnCl2 sheet oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the SnCl2 sheet, Sn is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Cl atoms. There are a spread of Sn–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.61–3.02 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Sn atoms. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a water-like geometry to two equivalent Sn atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SnCl8O25 by Materials Project

(Sn(O4Cl)6)2(ClO)2Cl2 is zeta silver zinc structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of three hydrochloric acid molecules, three hypochlorous acid molecules, and three Sn(O4Cl)6 clusters. In each Sn(O4Cl)6 cluster, Sn is bonded to six O atoms to form SnO6 octahedra that share corners with six ClO4 tetrahedra. There are three shorter (2.10 Å) and three longer (2.12 Å) Sn–O bond lengths. There are eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. In the third O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.56 Å. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.44 Å. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.44 Å. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a bent 120 degrees geometry to one Sn and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.60 Å. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.43 Å. There are two inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded to four O atoms to form ClO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded to four O atoms to form ClO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one SnO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 50°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on SnH4(ClO)2 by Materials Project

SnH2OCl2H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four stannous chloride hydrate molecules and four water molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NiSn(ClO)6 by Materials Project

NiSn(OCl3)2(O2)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is one-dimensional and consists of two hydrogen peroxide molecules and one NiSn(OCl3)2 ribbon oriented in the (1, 0, 0) direction. In the NiSn(OCl3)2 ribbon, Ni is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to two equivalent O and two equivalent Cl atoms. Both Ni–O bond lengths are 1.97 Å. Both Ni–Cl bond lengths are 2.35 Å. Sn is bonded in an octahedral geometry to two equivalent O and four Cl atoms. Both Sn–O bond lengths are 2.18 Å. There are two shorter (2.38 Å) and two longer (2.54 Å) Sn–Cl bond lengths. O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to one Ni, one Sn, and one Cl atom. The O–Cl bond length is 1.69 Å. There are three inequivalent Cl sites. In the first Cl site, Cl is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to one Ni and one Sn atom. In the second Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O atom. In the third Cl site, Cl is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sn atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multiple Functional Bonds Integrated Interphases for Long Cycle Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant interest as one of the most promising energy suppliers for power grid energy storage. However, the poor electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability leads to continual electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, resulting in rapid performance degradation of SIBs. In this work, we propose a strategy integrating multiple functional bonds to regulate electrode/electrolyte interphase by triple-coupling of succinonitrile (SN), sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF 6 ) and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). Theoretical calculation and experiment results show that the solvation structure of Na + and ClO 4 – is effectively reconfigured by the solvated FEC, SN and PF 6 – in PC-based carbonate electrolyte. The newly developed electrolyte demonstrates increased Na + -FEC coordination, weakened interaction of Na + -PC and participation of SN and PF 6 – anions in solvation, resulting in the formation of a conformal interfacial layer comprising of sodium oxynitrides (NaN x O y ), sodium fluoride (NaF) and phosphorus oxide compounds (NaP x O y ). Consequently, a 3 Ah pouch full cell of hard carbon//NaNi 1/3 Fe 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 90.4 % after 1000 cycles. Detailed postmortem analysis of interface chemistry is further illustrated by multiple characterization methods. Finally, this study provides a new avenue for developing electrolyte formulations with multiple functional bonds integrated interphases to significantly improve the long-term cycling stability of SIBs.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗