Target Development for XFOL Sc-V Campaign
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Data from the High Energy Telescope of the CRS experiment on Voyager 2 have been used to measure the intensity, spectra, and elemental abundances of Galactic cosmic rays from Be to Ni at about 100 MeV/n. The charge resolution of this telescope varies from sigma = 0.034 for oxygen to sigma = 0.11 for iron. The solar modulation deceleration parameter Phi relevant for these data is estimated to be around 300 MV (Phi = 150 MeV/n for particles with A/Z = 2), an unprecedently low level for such measurements. This low modulation parameter is a result of the measurements being made in the outer heliosphere at a heliocentric distance of 22 AU, and centered on the solar minimum period of cycle 21. The results on secondary/primary ratios are used to test the Leaky-Box model of cosmic ray propagation, using the most recent cross sections data in hydrogen and helium, and taking into account the effects of the ionized fraction of the interstellar medium. It is found that all the secondary/primary ratios up to P/S are completely consistent with an exponential pathlength distribution (PLD). This PLD shape also accounts for the Sc-V/Fe ratio.
Sc3V is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sc is bonded to eight equivalent Sc and four equivalent V atoms to form distorted ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent VSc12 cuboctahedra, corners with fourteen equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra, edges with six equivalent VSc12 cuboctahedra, edges with twelve equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent VSc12 cuboctahedra, and faces with sixteen equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Sc–Sc bond distances ranging from 3.08–3.25 Å. There are two shorter (3.04 Å) and two longer (3.17 Å) Sc–V bond lengths. V is bonded to twelve equivalent Sc atoms to form VSc12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent VSc12 cuboctahedra, corners with twelve equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra, edges with eighteen equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra, faces with eight equivalent VSc12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve equivalent ScSc8V4 cuboctahedra.