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DOE OSTI2022

Tracking snowmelt during hydrological surface processes using a distributed hydrological model in a mesoscale basin on the Tibetan Plateau

We report that mountain snowpack is an important water resource for the high altitude and latitude regions where the terrain is complex. However, the snowmelt pathway and its actual contribution to streamflow and soil moisture are rarely reported and remain unclear in such regions. To fill in this knowledge gap, we incorporate a snowmelt pathway tracking algorithm to a high-resolution physics-based distributed-hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM), to track snowmelt movement and quantify snowmelt contributions in the surface hydrologic processes. A simple reservoir operation scheme is also incorporated in the model. The modified model is applied to a dammed meso-scale watershed in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, China to study the snow and reservoir effects. The results show that annual snow contribution to soil moisture (SC-SM) and snow contribution to streamflow (SC-S) significantly decrease over 1965-2019. At a monthly scale, SC-SM has the largest amplitude at the top soil layer and its peak in the deeper layer lags behind the upper layer, and mean monthly SC-S at all stations show bimodal distributions corresponding to snowfall season. Reservoir regulation has subtle impacts (≤2.0%) on SC-S. If the current climate change rate continues, monthly and annual streamflow at the outlet will decrease primarily due to snowpack reduction. To mitigate climate change impacts, better water resource management is needed in this watershed.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sm3Sc by Materials Project

Sm3Sc is beta Cu3Ti-like structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Sm sites. In the first Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight Sm and four equivalent Sc atoms to form SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra. There are four shorter (3.54 Å) and four longer (3.56 Å) Sm–Sm bond lengths. All Sm–Sc bond lengths are 3.54 Å. In the second Sm site, Sm is bonded to eight equivalent Sm and four equivalent Sc atoms to form SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with twenty-four SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with twelve SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra. All Sm–Sc bond lengths are 3.56 Å. Sc is bonded to twelve Sm atoms to form ScSm12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, corners with eight equivalent SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, edges with eight equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, edges with sixteen equivalent SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent ScSm12 cuboctahedra, and faces with fourteen SmSm8Sc4 cuboctahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗